->Reidgreg: Adding local short description: "Kra–Dai language spoken in Assam, India", overriding Wikidata description "language" (Shortdesc helper)

2021-12-03T01:13:57Z

Adding local short description: "Kra–Dai language spoken in Assam, India", overriding Wikidata description "language" (Shortdesc helper)

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{{Short description|Kra–Dai language spoken in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Phake
|nativename={{lang|phk|(တႝ)ၸႃကေ}}
|states=[[India]]
|region=[[Assam]]
|ethnicity=[[Tai Phake people]]
|speakers=2,000
|date=2007
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Kradai
|fam2=[[Tai languages|Tai]]
|fam3=[[Southwestern Tai languages|Southwestern]]
|fam4=Northwestern
|script=[[Burmese script]]<br>(Phake variation, <br>called Lik-Tai)<ref name=diller>{{cite journal |last1=Diller |first1=Anthony |title=Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts |date=1992 |pages=16}}</ref>
|iso3=phk
|glotto=phak1238
|glottorefname=Phake
}}

The '''Phake language''' (''phaa-kay'') or '''Tai Phake language''' is spoken in the Buri Dihing Valley of [[Assam]], [[India]].

==Distribution==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tai Phake Villages (Morey 2005:22)
!c=01| Tai name
!c=02| Translation of Tai name
!c=03| [[Assamese language|Assamese]]/[[English language|English]] name
!c=04| [[List of districts of Assam|District]]
|-
|c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 ke꞉5 taü3
|c=02| Lower Phake village
|c=03| Namphakey
|c=04| [[Dibrugarh]]
|-
|c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉k4 ta꞉5
|c=02| Other side of the river village
|c=03| Tipam Phake
|c=04| [[Dibrugarh]]
|-
|c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 ke꞉5 nɔ6
|c=02| Upper Phake village
|c=03| Borphake
|c=04| [[Tinsukia]]
|-
|c=01| niŋ1 kam4
|c=02| Ning kam [[Naga people|Naga]]s
|c=03| Nigam Phake
|c=04| [[Tinsukia]]
|-
|c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 naiŋ2
|c=02| Red sky village
|c=03| Faneng
|c=04| [[Tinsukia]]
|-
|c=01| məŋ2 la꞉ŋ2
|c=02| Country of the Lang Nagas
|c=03| Mounglang
|c=04| [[Tinsukia]]
|-
|c=01| məŋ2 mɔ1
|c=02| Mine village
|c=03| Man Mau
|c=04| [[Tinsukia]]
|-
|c=01| ma꞉n3 loŋ6
|c=02| Big village
|c=03| Man Long
|c=04| [[Tinsukia]]
|-
|c=01| nauŋ1 lai6
|c=02| Nong Lai Nagas
|c=03| Nonglai
|c=04| -
|}
(''Note: For an explanation of the notation system for Tai tones, see [[Proto-Tai language#Tones]]''.)

The ''{{IPA|maːn˧}}'' corresponds to the modern [[Thai language|Thai]] บ้าน, ''ban'', and [[Shan language|Shan]] ဝၢၼ်ႈ ''wan'' which corresponds to 'village'.

Buragohain (1998) lists the following Tai Phake villages.
*Man Phake Tau (Namphake village, [[Assam]])
*Man Tipam (Tipam Phake village, [[Assam]])
*Man Phake Neu (Bor Phake village, [[Assam]])
*Man Mo (Man Mo village, [[Assam]])
*Man Phaneng (Phaneng village, [[Assam]])
*Man Long (Long village, [[Assam]])
*Man Nonglai (Nonglaui village, [[Assam]])
*Man Monglang (Monglang village, [[Assam]])
*Man Nigam (Nigam village, [[Assam]])
*Man Wagun (Wagun village, [[Arunachal Pradesh]])
*Man Lung Kung (Lung Kung village, [[Arunachal Pradesh]])

==Phonology==
===Initial consonants===
Tai Phake has the following initial consonants:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diller |first1=Anthony |title=Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts |date=1992 |pages=14}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- class=small
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiceless
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! <small>[[Tenuis consonant|Tenuis]]</small>
| {{IPA|p}} || || {{IPA|t}} || || {{IPA|c}} || || {{IPA|k}} || || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
! <small>[[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspirated]]</small>
| {{IPA|pʰ}} || || {{IPA|tʰ}} || || || || {{IPA|kʰ}} || ||
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
||| {{IPA|m}} || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || {{IPA|ŋ}} ||
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Fricative]]
| || || {{IPA|s}} || || || || || || {{IPA|h}}
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| || || || {{IPA|l}} || || || || ||
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Semi-vowel]]
| {{IPA|w}} || || || || || {{IPA|j}} || || ||
|-
|}

===Final consonants===
Tai Phake has the following final consonants:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- class=small
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiced
! voiceless
! voiced
! voiceless
|-
! [[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! <small>[[Tenuis consonant|Tenuis]]</small>
| {{IPA|p}} || || {{IPA|t}} || || || {{IPA|k}} || || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| || {{IPA|m}}|| || {{IPA|n}}|| || || {{IPA|ŋ}}||
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Semi-vowel]]
| {{IPA|w}} || || || || {{IPA|j}}|| || ||
|-
|}

-[w] occurs after front vowels and [a]-, -[j] occurs after back vowels and [a]-.<ref name=diller/>

=== Vowels ===
Tai Phake has the following vowel inventory:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morey |first1=Stephen |title=The Tai Languages of Assam |date=2008 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34802378/The_Tai_Languages_of_Assam_2008_}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan=1 rowspan=3 |
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="3" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- class=small
! [[Unrounded vowel|unr.]]
! colspan=2 | [[Unrounded vowel|unr.]]
! [[Rounded vowel|rnd.]]
|- class=small
! [[Short vowel|short]]
! [[Short vowel|short]]
! [[Long vowel|long]]
! [[Short vowel|short]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA|i}}
| {{IPA|ɯ}}
|
| {{IPA|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPA|e}}
| {{IPA|ɤ}}
|
| {{IPA|o}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| {{IPA|ɛ}}
| {{IPA|a}}
| {{IPA|a:}}
| {{IPA|ɔ}}
|}

== Writing system ==
{{See also|Burmese script|Burmese alphabet}}
The Tai Phake have their own writing system called 'Lik-Tai', which they share with the [[Khamti people]] and [[Tai Aiton people]].<ref name=diller/> It closely resembles the Northern [[Shan script]] of Myanmar, which is a variant of the [[Burmese script]], with some of the letters taking divergent shapes.<ref name="inglis2017">{{cite journal |last1=Inglis |first1=Douglas |title=Myanmar-based Khamti Shan Orthography |date=2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34791306/_2017_Myanmar-based_Khamti_Shan_Orthography}}</ref>

===Consonants===
<div lang=phk>
* က - kaa - k - [k]
* ၵ - khaa - kh - [kʰ]
* င - ngaa - ng - [ŋ]
* ꩡ - chaa - ch - [t͡ʃ], [t͡s]
* ꩬ - saaa - s - [s]
* ၺ - nyaa - ny - [ɲ]<ref>http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn11/UTN11_4.pdf</ref>
* တ - taa - t - [t]
* ထ - thaa - th - [tʰ]
* ꩫ - naa - n - [n]
* ပ - paa - p - [p]
* ၸ - phaa - ph - [pʰ]
* မ - maa - m - [m]
* ယ - yaa - y - [j]
* လ - laa - l - [l]
* ဝ - waa - w - [w~v]
* ꩭ - haa - h - [h]
* ဢ - aa - a - [ʔ]
</div>

===Vowels===
<div lang=phk>
* ႊ - a - [a]
* ႃ - ā - [aː]
* ိ - i - [i]
* ီ - ī - [iː]
* ု - u - [u]
* ူ - ū - [uː]
* ေ - e/ae - [eː/ɛ]
* ႝ - ai - [ai]
* ေႃ - o/aw - [oː/ɔː]
* ံ - ṁ - [am]
* ုံ - um - [um]
* ွံ - om - [ɔm]
* ိုဝ် - eu - [ɛu]
* ်ႍ - au - [au]
* ်ွ - āu - [aːu]
* ွ - aw - [ɒ]
* ွႝ - oi - [oj]
* ် - final consonant <ref>{{cite web |title=Tai Phake language, alphabet, and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/taiphake.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
</div>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*Buragohain, Yehom. 1998. "Some notes on the Tai Phakes of Assam, in Shalardchai Ramitanondh Virada Somswasdi and Ranoo Wichasin." In ''Tai'', pp. 126–143. Chiang Mai, Thailand: [[Chiang Mai University]].
*Morey, Stephen. 2005. ''The Tai languages of Assam: a grammar and texts''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
{{refend}}

{{Tai-Kadai languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Tai languages]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]

Phake language - Revision history

->Reidgreg: Adding local short description: "Kra–Dai language spoken in Assam, India", overriding Wikidata description "language" (Shortdesc helper)