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In India, '''Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions''' ('''PCPIRs'''), originally known as '''Mega-Chemical Industrial Estates''' ('''MCIES''') or '''chemical hubs''', are [[Special economic zone|special economic zones]] intended to facilitate production of [[petroleum]] and [[Petrochemical|petrochemicals]]. The [[Government of India]] introduced the concept of chemical hubs in 2005. In 2007, the concept was reworked and expanded under the name PCPIRs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Tanmay|title=Allies confused over Haldia chemical hub|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=188124&usrsess=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926214022/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=188124&usrsess=1|archive-date=26 September 2007|access-date=2007-09-06|publisher=The Statesman, 26 June 2007|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Paswan launches PCPIR policy|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=12&id=183261&usrsess=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105931/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=12&id=183261&usrsess=1|archive-date=29 September 2007|access-date=2007-09-06|publisher=The Statesman, 9 May 2007|df=dmy}}</ref> States with existing PCPIRs include [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=ARETE Group to invest Rs 1,050 crore in developing phase one of Industrial Park in Gujarat|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/arete-group-to-invest-rs-1050-crore-in-developing-phase-one-of-industrial-park-in-gujarat/articleshow/87812265.cms|access-date=2022-01-22}}</ref> In January 2022, public hearings regarding a proposed PCPIR in [[Paradeep]], [[Odisha]], drew controversy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paradip: Public hearing for PCPIR sans the affected evokes sharp reactions|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2022/jan/03/paradip-public-hearing-for-pcpir-sans-the-affected-evokes-sharp-reactions-2402525.html|access-date=2022-01-22|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Nandigram movement ==
{{Main|Nandigram violence}}
In 2006, a proposal by the Haldia Development Authority for a chemical hub covering both [[Nandigram I]] and [[Nandigram II]] [[Community development block|community development blocks]], prompted concern and controversy among residents.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Erickson|first1=Jim|last2=Loveard|first2=Keith|date=30 November 2000|title=Hot Noodle Take-Away. Indofood's Singapore plans worry Indonesians.|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/97/0822/biz1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114084931/http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0822/biz1.html|archive-date=14 November 2007|access-date=13 May 2011|publisher=Asia Week. CNN.|location=Jakarta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|date=8 October 1998|title=Jakarta: Pulling Punches|url=http://www.saliltripathi.com/articlesReview/8Oct98Review.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020719183321/http://www.saliltripathi.com/articlesReview/8Oct98Review.html|archive-date=19 July 2002|access-date=13 May 2011|publisher=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]|via=saliltripathi.com}}</ref> The HDA intended to expropriate some 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of land owned by farmers in the region.<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite news|date=19 March 2007|title=Stockpile squad trail heads towards party – Phone records spill Nandigram secret|work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta, India|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/stockpile-squad-trail-heads-towards-party-phone-records-spill-nandigram-secret/cid/972089|url-status=live|access-date=4 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042427/http://telegraphindia.com/1070319/asp/frontpage/story_7537027.asp|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> By 2007, protests by the affected farmers had snowballed into a major movement led by the [[Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee]]; clashes between the protestors and police were later known as the [[Nandigram violence]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=DM halts land acquisition|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=177504&usrsess=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120557/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=177504&usrsess=1|archive-date=29 September 2007|access-date=4 March 2020|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]}}</ref> The location of the proposed chemical hub was later shifted to [[Nayachar]] and the proposal was eventually scrapped.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web|title=Nayachar project scrapped|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nayachar-project-scrapped/834522/|access-date=2011-09-15}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Petroleum in India]]
[[Category:Investment in India]]

Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region - Revision history

LarueVesely77: adding a data