Peter Lumsden - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 06:30, 4 April 2022
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	{{For\|the British racing driver\|Peter Lumsden (racing driver)}}		{{For\|the British racing driver\|Peter Lumsden (racing driver)}}
	{{Use British English\|date=December 2021}}		{{Use British English\|date=December 2021}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2020}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| name = Sir Peter Stark Lumsden		\| name = Sir Peter Stark Lumsden
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	===Early life and North-West Frontier===		===Early life and North-West Frontier===
	Peter Stark Lumsden was born at Belhelvie Lodge, Belhelvie, Aberdeenshire, on 9 November 1829. He was trained at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]] from the age of 20,<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Sir Peter Lumsden \|author=Jehu Junior \|author-link=Thomas_Gibson_Bowles \|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18851005.2.36 \|newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times\|Otago Times]] \|location=[[Dunedin]] \|date=5 October 1885 \|issue=7375 \|access-date=23 December 2010 \|at=p. 4, col. 9 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070116/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18851005.2.36 \|archive-date=6 October ~~2022~~}}</ref> and entered the [[East India Company]]'s [[Bengal Army]] in 1847 as an [[Ensign (rank)\|ensign]] in the 60th [[Bengal Native Infantry]].<ref name="Timaru Herald"/> Between 1852 and 1857 he served on the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\|North-West Frontier]] in five expeditions against native tribes: the [[Mohmand\|Mohmunds]], the [[Utmankhel\|Ootman Khel]], the [[Afridi (Pashtun)\|Bori Afridis]] and the [[Miranzai Valley\|Miranzais]]. He was [[mentioned in despatches]] five times and awarded the special thanks of the Local and supreme Governments. From 1857 to 1858 he accompanied a special peace-finding mission to [[Kandahar]] with his brother Harry Lumsden.{{Sfn\|Wilkinson\|Wilkinson\|1896\|p=394}} He received thanks from the Government for his work,{{Sfn\|Edwardes\|Edwardes\|1886}} but returned to [[India]] to take part in the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]]. Lumsden next joined the Central India Field Force at Gwalior under [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala\|General Sir Robert Napier]],<ref>{{Cite news\|title=West Coast Times\|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WCT18850509.2.7\|newspaper=West Coast Times\|date=9 May 1885\|issue=4903\|at=p. 2, col. 3\|publisher=[[Allied Press]]\|location=[[Hokitika, New Zealand]]\|access-date=23 December 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070920/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WCT18850509.2.7\|archive-date=6 October ~~2022~~}}</ref> and, as assistant [[quartermaster general]] under [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn\|Major-General Hugh Rose]], shared in the pursuit and capture of [[Tantya Tope]] in 1859, when he was again mentioned in despatches.{{Sfn\|Jeffery\|1911}}		Peter Stark Lumsden was born at Belhelvie Lodge, Belhelvie, Aberdeenshire, on 9 November 1829. He was trained at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]] from the age of 20,<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Sir Peter Lumsden \|author=Jehu Junior \|author-link=Thomas_Gibson_Bowles \|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18851005.2.36 \|newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times\|Otago Times]] \|location=[[Dunedin]] \|date=5 October 1885 \|issue=7375 \|access-date=23 December 2010 \|at=p. 4, col. 9 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070116/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18851005.2.36 \|archive-date=6 October 2012}}</ref> and entered the [[East India Company]]'s [[Bengal Army]] in 1847 as an [[Ensign (rank)\|ensign]] in the 60th [[Bengal Native Infantry]].<ref name="Timaru Herald"/> Between 1852 and 1857 he served on the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\|North-West Frontier]] in five expeditions against native tribes: the [[Mohmand\|Mohmunds]], the [[Utmankhel\|Ootman Khel]], the [[Afridi (Pashtun)\|Bori Afridis]] and the [[Miranzai Valley\|Miranzais]]. He was [[mentioned in despatches]] five times and awarded the special thanks of the Local and supreme Governments. From 1857 to 1858 he accompanied a special peace-finding mission to [[Kandahar]] with his brother Harry Lumsden.{{Sfn\|Wilkinson\|Wilkinson\|1896\|p=394}} He received thanks from the Government for his work,{{Sfn\|Edwardes\|Edwardes\|1886}} but returned to [[India]] to take part in the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857\|Indian Mutiny]]. Lumsden next joined the Central India Field Force at Gwalior under [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala\|General Sir Robert Napier]],<ref>{{Cite news\|title=West Coast Times\|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WCT18850509.2.7\|newspaper=West Coast Times\|date=9 May 1885\|issue=4903\|at=p. 2, col. 3\|publisher=[[Allied Press]]\|location=[[Hokitika, New Zealand]]\|access-date=23 December 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070920/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WCT18850509.2.7\|archive-date=6 October 2012}}</ref> and, as assistant [[quartermaster general]] under [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn\|Major-General Hugh Rose]], shared in the pursuit and capture of [[Tantya Tope]] in 1859, when he was again mentioned in despatches.{{Sfn\|Jeffery\|1911}}

	===Second Opium War and Bhutan War===		===Second Opium War and Bhutan War===
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	===Second Anglo-Afghan War===		===Second Anglo-Afghan War===
	Lumsden served as Chief of Staff to the commander-in-chief, [[Frederick Haines\|General Sir F. P. Haines]], during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], for which he received the [[Order of the Bath]]. In 1884, Lumsden returned to the North-West frontier, when he was selected as British representative on the [[Afghan Boundary Commission\|Anglo-Russian Commission]] for the demarcation of the north-west boundary of [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="Who Was Who"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.billbuxton.com/dramatis.html#lumsdenPeter\|title=Dramatis Personae of the History and Exploration of the Greater Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamirs, Hindu-Kush, Tibet, Afghanistan, High Tartary and Surrounding Territories, up to 1921.\|first=Bill\|last=Buxton\|author-link=Bill_Buxton\|date=3 May 2009\|access-date=2 November ~~2022~~}}</ref> While leading the Commission, he felt he had been given insufficiently clear instructions by the British government, which proved very dangerous as the situation in Afghanistan deteriorated to the brink of war with Russia.<ref>[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury\|Salisbury, Robert]] (2020). ''William Simpson and the Crisis in Central Asia, 1884-5''. {{ISBN\|978-1-5272-7047-3}}</ref> He resigned and returned to England in 1885 after the [[Panjdeh Incident]].<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Resignation of Sir Peter Lumden\|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS18850508.2.27.1\|newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)\|Daily Star]]\|location=[[London]]\|date=8 May 1885\|issue=5305\|at=p. 4, col. 3\|access-date=1 November 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004192341/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS18850508.2.27.1\|archive-date=4 October ~~2022~~}}</ref> He left London to represent the British at negotiations with Russia in selecting the Afghan Frontier Commission to determine the Afghan boundary.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Ray\|first=William Henry\|date=April 1887\|title=Russia in Asia\|journal=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]\|volume=0059\|issue=354\|page=476\|url=http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=atla;cc=atla;rgn=full%20text;idno=atla0059-4;didno=atla0059-4;view=image;seq=00479;node=atla0059-4%3A1\|issn=1072-7825\|oclc=29046351\|access-date=1 November ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Lumsden served as Chief of Staff to the commander-in-chief, [[Frederick Haines\|General Sir F. P. Haines]], during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], for which he received the [[Order of the Bath]]. In 1884, Lumsden returned to the North-West frontier, when he was selected as British representative on the [[Afghan Boundary Commission\|Anglo-Russian Commission]] for the demarcation of the north-west boundary of [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="Who Was Who"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.billbuxton.com/dramatis.html#lumsdenPeter\|title=Dramatis Personae of the History and Exploration of the Greater Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamirs, Hindu-Kush, Tibet, Afghanistan, High Tartary and Surrounding Territories, up to 1921.\|first=Bill\|last=Buxton\|author-link=Bill_Buxton\|date=3 May 2009\|access-date=2 November 2010}}</ref> While leading the Commission, he felt he had been given insufficiently clear instructions by the British government, which proved very dangerous as the situation in Afghanistan deteriorated to the brink of war with Russia.<ref>[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury\|Salisbury, Robert]] (2020). ''William Simpson and the Crisis in Central Asia, 1884-5''. {{ISBN\|978-1-5272-7047-3}}</ref> He resigned and returned to England in 1885 after the [[Panjdeh Incident]].<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Resignation of Sir Peter Lumden\|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS18850508.2.27.1\|newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)\|Daily Star]]\|location=[[London]]\|date=8 May 1885\|issue=5305\|at=p. 4, col. 3\|access-date=1 November 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004192341/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS18850508.2.27.1\|archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> He left London to represent the British at negotiations with Russia in selecting the Afghan Frontier Commission to determine the Afghan boundary.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Ray\|first=William Henry\|date=April 1887\|title=Russia in Asia\|journal=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]\|volume=0059\|issue=354\|page=476\|url=http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=atla;cc=atla;rgn=full%20text;idno=atla0059-4;didno=atla0059-4;view=image;seq=00479;node=atla0059-4%3A1\|issn=1072-7825\|oclc=29046351\|access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref>

	Lumsden was appointed a [[Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the Bath]]<ref>{{Cite news\|title=The Afghan Frontier\|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NOT18860521.2.20\|newspaper=North Otago Times\|date=21 May 1886\|volume=XXXI\|issue=6058\|at=p. 4, col. 1\|access-date=1 November 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004192401/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NOT18860521.2.20\|archive-date=4 October ~~2022~~}}</ref> and given a commissioner's seat on the [[Council of India]], which he occupied for a 10-year tenure from 1883. In 1885 he wrote "Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range", an article for the seventh volume of the journal ''[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London\|Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Lumsden\|first=Major-General Sir Peter\|year=1885\|title=Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range\|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London\|Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography]]\|oclc=150373612\|volume=7\|issue=9\|pages=561–583\|doi=10.2307/1800815\|jstor=1800815\|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2376906}}</ref>		Lumsden was appointed a [[Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the Bath]]<ref>{{Cite news\|title=The Afghan Frontier\|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NOT18860521.2.20\|newspaper=North Otago Times\|date=21 May 1886\|volume=XXXI\|issue=6058\|at=p. 4, col. 1\|access-date=1 November 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004192401/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NOT18860521.2.20\|archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> and given a commissioner's seat on the [[Council of India]], which he occupied for a 10-year tenure from 1883. In 1885 he wrote "Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range", an article for the seventh volume of the journal ''[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London\|Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Lumsden\|first=Major-General Sir Peter\|year=1885\|title=Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range\|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London\|Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography]]\|oclc=150373612\|volume=7\|issue=9\|pages=561–583\|doi=10.2307/1800815\|jstor=1800815\|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2376906}}</ref>

	===Later life===		===Later life===

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{{Short description|British general (1829–1918)}}
{{For|the British racing driver|Peter Lumsden (racing driver)}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Sir Peter Stark Lumsden
| image = Sir Peter Lumsden WDL11448.png
| caption = Lumsden circa 1879
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1829|11|09|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1918|11|09|1829|11|09|df=yes}}
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place = [[Belhelvie]], [[Aberdeenshire]]
| death_place = [[Dufftown]], [[Banffshire]]
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{UK}}
| branch = {{Flagicon|British Raj}} [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
| serviceyears = 1847–1887
| rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] [[Second Opium War]] [[Bhutan War]] [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] [[Mentioned in Despatches]] (6)
| relations = [[Harry Burnett Lumsden]]
| laterwork = [[Justice of the peace]]
}}

[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir Peter Stark Lumsden''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|CSI|DL}} (9 November 1829 – 9 November 1918) was a British military officer who served in [[India]]. Born in [[Belhelvie]], [[Aberdeenshire]], he was the fourth son of [[Colonel]] Thomas Lumsden [[Order of the Bath|CB]]. He studied at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]], before officially joining military service as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the 60th [[Bengal Native Infantry]] in 1847. From 1852 to 1857 he served on the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]], where, among other activities, he participated in the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and the capture of [[Tantya Tope]] in 1859.

Following his time on the North-West Frontier, Lumsden served as [[quartermaster general]] in 1860 during the [[Second Opium War]], where he participated in the capture of both [[Tanggu District|Tang-ku]] and the [[Taku Forts]]. He was promoted to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]]-[[lieutenant-colonel]], before giving his final act of military service in the [[Bhutan War]] of 1865. He was promoted again to [[Adjutant-General]] of the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] in 1874, and also acted as [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]] for eleven years.

In 1883, Lumsden was awarded a [[Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the Bath]] and was appointed as a commissioner on the [[Council of India]] for 10 years. He represented Britain a year later at the [[Afghan Boundary Commission|Anglo-Russian Commission]] for the demarcation of the north-west boundary of [[Afghanistan]], then acted as British representative on the Afghan Frontier Commission. After retiring from military service in 1893, Lumsden served as a [[justice of the peace]] in his home county of [[Aberdeenshire]], before dying on his 89th birthday, 9 November 1918, in [[Dufftown]], [[Banffshire]].

==Life and military career==

===Early life and North-West Frontier===
Peter Stark Lumsden was born at Belhelvie Lodge, Belhelvie, Aberdeenshire, on 9 November 1829. He was trained at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]] from the age of 20,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sir Peter Lumsden |author=Jehu Junior |author-link=Thomas_Gibson_Bowles |url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18851005.2.36 |newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times|Otago Times]] |location=[[Dunedin]] |date=5 October 1885 |issue=7375 |access-date=23 December 2010 |at=p. 4, col. 9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070116/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18851005.2.36 |archive-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> and entered the [[East India Company]]'s [[Bengal Army]] in 1847 as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the 60th [[Bengal Native Infantry]].<ref name="Timaru Herald"/> Between 1852 and 1857 he served on the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier]] in five expeditions against native tribes: the [[Mohmand|Mohmunds]], the [[Utmankhel|Ootman Khel]], the [[Afridi (Pashtun)|Bori Afridis]] and the [[Miranzai Valley|Miranzais]]. He was [[mentioned in despatches]] five times and awarded the special thanks of the Local and supreme Governments. From 1857 to 1858 he accompanied a special peace-finding mission to [[Kandahar]] with his brother Harry Lumsden.{{Sfn|Wilkinson|Wilkinson|1896|p=394}} He received thanks from the Government for his work,{{Sfn|Edwardes|Edwardes|1886}} but returned to [[India]] to take part in the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]. Lumsden next joined the Central India Field Force at Gwalior under [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|General Sir Robert Napier]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=West Coast Times|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WCT18850509.2.7|newspaper=West Coast Times|date=9 May 1885|issue=4903|at=p. 2, col. 3|publisher=[[Allied Press]]|location=[[Hokitika, New Zealand]]|access-date=23 December 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070920/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WCT18850509.2.7|archive-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> and, as assistant [[quartermaster general]] under [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|Major-General Hugh Rose]], shared in the pursuit and capture of [[Tantya Tope]] in 1859, when he was again mentioned in despatches.{{Sfn|Jeffery|1911}}

===Second Opium War and Bhutan War===
[[File:Peter Stark Lumsden Vanity Fair 8 August 1885.jpg|thumb|Caricature of Lumsden by [[Leslie Ward]], from ''[[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', 8 August 1885|alt=Colour painting of Lumsden sitting down, holding a riding whip.]]
Lumsden's next period of active service was as quartermaster general on the staff of General Napier, who commanded the 2nd division of the expeditionary force to [[China]] during the [[Second Opium War]], in 1860.<ref name=Telegraph19839/> Lumsden took part in the operations of the Anglo-French forces, including the action of [[Sin Ho District|Sin-ho]], the capture of [[Tanggu District|Tang-ku]] and the capture of the [[Taku Forts]] that led up to the advance on and occupation of [[Beijing]].{{Sfn|Allgood|1901}} He was again mentioned in despatches and promoted to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]]-[[Major]] and then brevet-[[lieutenant-colonel]].<ref name=Telegraph19839/>

The final spell of active service in Lumsden's military career was in the [[Bhutan War]] of 1865: his later employment was on the staff and in political posts. He was deputy [[quartermaster general]] from 1864 to 1868, and [[quartermaster general]] of the Indian Army from 1868 to 1873. He was Acting [[Resident (title)|Resident]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], 1873,<ref name="Timaru Herald"/> and [[Adjutant-General (India)|Adjutant-General, India]] from 1874 to 1879, when he was appointed Chief of the Staff in India.<ref name="Who Was Who"/> He also served for eleven years as an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="Timaru Herald"/>

===Second Anglo-Afghan War===
Lumsden served as Chief of Staff to the commander-in-chief, [[Frederick Haines|General Sir F. P. Haines]], during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], for which he received the [[Order of the Bath]]. In 1884, Lumsden returned to the North-West frontier, when he was selected as British representative on the [[Afghan Boundary Commission|Anglo-Russian Commission]] for the demarcation of the north-west boundary of [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="Who Was Who"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billbuxton.com/dramatis.html#lumsdenPeter|title=Dramatis Personae of the History and Exploration of the Greater Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamirs, Hindu-Kush, Tibet, Afghanistan, High Tartary and Surrounding Territories, up to 1921.|first=Bill|last=Buxton|author-link=Bill_Buxton|date=3 May 2009|access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref> While leading the Commission, he felt he had been given insufficiently clear instructions by the British government, which proved very dangerous as the situation in Afghanistan deteriorated to the brink of war with Russia.<ref>[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury|Salisbury, Robert]] (2020). ''William Simpson and the Crisis in Central Asia, 1884-5''. {{ISBN|978-1-5272-7047-3}}</ref> He resigned and returned to England in 1885 after the [[Panjdeh Incident]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Resignation of Sir Peter Lumden|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS18850508.2.27.1|newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]]|location=[[London]]|date=8 May 1885|issue=5305|at=p. 4, col. 3|access-date=1 November 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004192341/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS18850508.2.27.1|archive-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> He left London to represent the British at negotiations with Russia in selecting the Afghan Frontier Commission to determine the Afghan boundary.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ray|first=William Henry|date=April 1887|title=Russia in Asia|journal=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|volume=0059|issue=354|page=476|url=http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=atla;cc=atla;rgn=full%20text;idno=atla0059-4;didno=atla0059-4;view=image;seq=00479;node=atla0059-4%3A1|issn=1072-7825|oclc=29046351|access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref>

Lumsden was appointed a [[Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the Bath]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Afghan Frontier|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NOT18860521.2.20|newspaper=North Otago Times|date=21 May 1886|volume=XXXI|issue=6058|at=p. 4, col. 1|access-date=1 November 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004192401/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NOT18860521.2.20|archive-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> and given a commissioner's seat on the [[Council of India]], which he occupied for a 10-year tenure from 1883. In 1885 he wrote "Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range", an article for the seventh volume of the journal ''[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London|Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lumsden|first=Major-General Sir Peter|year=1885|title=Countries and Tribes Bordering on the Koh-i-Baba Range|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London|Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography]]|oclc=150373612|volume=7|issue=9|pages=561–583|doi=10.2307/1800815|jstor=1800815|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2376906}}</ref>

===Later life===
Following completion of his tenure on the Council of India, Lumsden retired from military service in 1893.<ref name=Times41945/> He was placed on the Unemployed Supernumerary List three years later and settled down on Buchromb, an estate that he had purchased near [[Dufftown]]. During this time he co-wrote ''Lumsden of the Guides'' with [[G. R. Elsmie]]. The book detailed the role that his brother, [[Harry Burnett Lumsden]], had played in founding [[Corps of Guides (British India)|The Corps of the Guides]], a regiment of the [[British Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lumsden|first1=Sir Peter Stark|last2=Elsmie|first2=G. R.|title=Lumsden of the Guides: A Sketch of the Life of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden, KCSI, CB., with Selections from His Correspondence and Occasional Papers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfpWAAAAMAAJ|year=1900|publisher=J. Murray|location=[[London]]|edition=2nd|oclc=575079200}}</ref> He identified himself with local affairs and served as a [[justice of the peace]] and as [[Deputy Lieutenant]] for [[Banffshire]] and Aberdeenshire. Lumsden died on 9 November 1918 in his estate at Dufftown, Banffshire.<ref name=Telegraph19839/>

==Family==
Lumsden was married to Mary Marriott in 1862.<ref name=Times41945/> His father was [[Colonel]] Thomas Lumsden [[Order of the Bath|CB]],<ref name="Timaru Herald"/> with one of his three older brothers being [[Harry Burnett Lumsden]]. Thomas Lumsden was a distinguished officer of the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] who had served in the [[Gurkha War|Nepal Campaign]] of 1814 and at the [[siege of Hatrass]] and the capture of Kalunga in 1817.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1987|journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research|volume=65–66|issue=261–268|page=230|publisher=[[Society for Army Historical Research]]|location=[[London]]|issn=0037-9700|oclc=1644191}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0960116309990315 | title = 1885 | journal = Camden |series=Fifth Series | volume = 35 | pages = 377–410 | year = 2009 | s2cid = 233341076 }}</ref> Thomas was himself the son of Harry Lumsden, an [[advocate]] in [[Aberdeen]] who had bought an estate at Belhelvie. He returned home on leave from the [[Bengal Army]] in 1819 to marry Hay Burnett of [[Elrick]], and went on to serve another 23 years in India before retiring to Belhelvie in 1842. They had a total of six sons, of whom three emigrated to [[Canada]] and two (Harry and Peter) followed in their father's footsteps by pursuing military careers in India.{{Sfn|Harper|2005|pp=223–224}}

==References==
;Footnotes
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=Telegraph19839>{{Cite news|title=General Sir P Lumsden|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=[[London]]|issue=19839|date=11 November 1918|at=p. 4, col. 2}}</ref>
<ref name="Timaru Herald">{{Cite news|title=Sir Peter Stark Lumsden K.C.B.. C.S.I.|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=THD18850317.2.15|newspaper=[[The Timaru Herald]]|location=[[Timaru]]|date=17 March 1885|volume=XLI|issue=3267|at=p. 2, col. 7|access-date=23 December 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005230156/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=THD18850317.2.15|archive-date=5 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
<ref name=Times41945>{{Cite newspaper The Times|title=Death of Sir Peter Lumsden. 'Hero of Many Fights.'|department=Obituaries|date=12 November 1918|page=11|issue=41945|column=E}}</ref>
<ref name="Who Was Who">{{Cite book|title=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who Was Who 1916–1928]]|year=1992|publisher=[[A & C Black]]|location=[[London]]|isbn=978-0-7136-3143-2}}</ref>}}

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{{Refend}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edwin Beaumont Johnson|Edwin Johnson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Adjutant-General (India)|Adjutant-General, India]]|years=1874–1879}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George Greaves (British Army officer)|George Greaves]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|War|United Kingdom}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lumsden, Peter}}
[[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Aberdeen]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Opium War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Bhutan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Banffshire]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:People from Formartine]]
[[Category:1829 births]]
[[Category:1918 deaths]]