https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Perumal
Perumal - Revision history
2026-08-17T12:25:42Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perumal&diff=473706&oldid=prev
ChristineBabbidg at 12:09, 22 January 2026
2026-01-22T12:09:10Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:39, 22 January 2026</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For|the movie</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Perumal (film)</del>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">other uses}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Depiction of "Cherman Perumal" Nayanar (Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur) (cropped).jpg|thumb| Depiction of "Cherman Perumal" Nayanar in [[Brihadisvara Temple]], [[Thanjavur]]|353x353px]]</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Short description</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">South Indian synonym for a king or ruler</ins>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Perumal<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del>''' (literally the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>Great One''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">may refers to,</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Vaishnavism}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Perumal''' (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{langx|ta|பெருமாள்|translit=}}; </ins>literally <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">meaning "</ins>the Great One<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"<ref name=":282">{{Cite book |last=Devadevan |first=Manu V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exzhDwAAQBAJ&q=The+%E2%80%98Early+Medieval%27+Origins+of+India |title=The </ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Early Medieval</ins>' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Origins of India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn= |location= |pages=122 |chapter=Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cera State}}</ref>) is the name of a Hindu deity (see [[Perumal (deity)|Perumal]]</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. The term was also commonly used in medieval south India as a synonym for a king or ruler.<ref name=":282" /> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Thirumal|Perumal</del>]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">south Indian god</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Several rulers are explicitly referred to as "Perumal" in historical inscriptions. These include </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sripurusha</ins>]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rachamalla</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and Neetimarga </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </ins>[[Western Ganga dynasty]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">; Maran Chadayan of the [[Pandya dynasty]]; [[Parantaka I|Parantaka]] of the Chola dynasty; and [[Paramesvaravarman II|Paramesvara Varma II]] of Kanchi from the [[Pallava dynasty]].</ins><ref name=":<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">33</ins>"><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Cite book |last=</ins>Narayanan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|first=</ins>M. G. S. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ&q=perumals+of+kerala |title=Perumals </ins>of Kerala <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn=9788188765072 |location=</ins>Thrissur (Kerala) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|pages=</ins>171 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|orig-date=1972}}</ins></ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Among the </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chera Perumals of Makotai|Chera</ins>]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rulers, notable figures bearing the title are Rama Rajasekhara (also known as </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cheraman Perumal Nayanar|Cheraman Perumal the Nayanar</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) and Sthanu Ravi (identified with </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Kulasekhara Alvar|Kulasekhara the Alvar</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">).</ins><ref name=":<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2</ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">>{{Cite book |url=https:/</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">global.oup.com/academic/product</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a-concise-history-</ins>of<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-south-india-9780198099772?cc=us&lang=en& </ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">title=</ins>A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|publisher=</ins>Oxford University Press <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|year=</ins>2014 |<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 </ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">editor-last</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Karashima |editor-first</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Noboru |pages</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">146–47 |chapter</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">States in Deccan and Kerala}}</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Perumal/Perumal Atikal/Permati</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">medieval Indian royal title </del>of</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">**</del>[[Western Ganga dynasty]]<ref name=":<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0</del>"> Narayanan<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>M. G. S. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Perumāḷs </del>of Kerala<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''. </del>Thrissur (Kerala)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: CosmoBooks, 2013. </del>171<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del></ref></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Sripurusha</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Rajamalla</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Nitimarga</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">** </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Pandya dynasty</del>]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=":0" /></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Maran Chatayan</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">** </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chola dynasty</del>]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=":0" /></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Parantaka</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">** </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Pallava dynasty</del>]]<ref name=":<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0</del>" /<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Paramesvara Varma II of Kanchi</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">** [[Chera</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Perumals </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Makotai</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chera Perumal dynasty]]<ref>Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''</del>A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.'' New Delhi: </del>Oxford University Press<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>2014<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***[[Rama Rajasekhara</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rama "Rajasekhara"]] ([[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]])</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***[[Sthanu Ravi]] ([[Kulasekhara Alvar]])</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***Bhaskara Ravi "Manukuladitya"</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">***[[Rama Kulasekhara</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rama "Kulasekhara"]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">See also </del>==</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Reflist}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Indian <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">surnames</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Surnames of </ins>Indian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">origin</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Dynasties of India]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Dynasties of India]]</div></td></tr>
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ChristineBabbidg
https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perumal&diff=316871&oldid=prev
UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
2022-05-16T07:20:28Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Pallava dynasty]]<ref name=":0" /></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Pallava dynasty]]<ref name=":0" /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***Paramesvara Varma II of Kanchi</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***Paramesvara Varma II of Kanchi</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Chera/Perumals of Makotai|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Kodungallur/Western </del>Chera dynasty]]<ref>Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Chera/Perumals of Makotai|Chera <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Perumal </ins>dynasty]]<ref>Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***[[Rama Rajasekhara|Rama "Rajasekhara"]] ([[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]])</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***[[Rama Rajasekhara|Rama "Rajasekhara"]] ([[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]])</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***[[Sthanu Ravi]] ([[Kulasekhara Alvar]])</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>***[[Sthanu Ravi]] ([[Kulasekhara Alvar]])</div></td></tr>
</table>
UpdateBot
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2020-12-22T06:32:49Z
<p>Moving <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Indian_family_names&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Indian family names (page does not exist)">Category:Indian family names</a> to <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_surnames" title="Category:Indian surnames">Category:Indian surnames</a> per <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Bharatpedia:Categories_for_discussion/Speedy" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy">Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy</a></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{For|the movie|Perumal (film)}}<br />
[[File:Depiction of "Cherman Perumal" Nayanar (Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur) (cropped).jpg|thumb| Depiction of "Cherman Perumal" Nayanar in [[Brihadisvara Temple]], [[Thanjavur]]|353x353px]]<br />
'''Perumal,''' (literally the '''Great One''') may refers to,<br />
<br />
* [[Thirumal|Perumal]], south Indian god<br />
* Perumal/Perumal Atikal/Permati, medieval Indian royal title of<br />
**[[Western Ganga dynasty]]<ref name=":0"> Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala''. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 171.</ref><br />
***Sripurusha<br />
***Rajamalla<br />
***Nitimarga<br />
** [[Pandya dynasty]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
***Maran Chatayan<br />
** [[Chola dynasty]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
***Parantaka<br />
** [[Pallava dynasty]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
***Paramesvara Varma II of Kanchi<br />
** [[Chera/Perumals of Makotai|Kodungallur/Western Chera dynasty]]<ref>Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014</ref><br />
***[[Rama Rajasekhara|Rama "Rajasekhara"]] ([[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]])<br />
***[[Sthanu Ravi]] ([[Kulasekhara Alvar]])<br />
***Bhaskara Ravi "Manukuladitya"<br />
***[[Rama Kulasekhara|Rama "Kulasekhara"]]<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]<br />
[[Category:Indian surnames]]<br />
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]</div>
imported>JJMC89 bot III