imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss.

2021-06-12T21:08:40Z

Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss.

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary

| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| photo = Peppara sanctuary.jpg

| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Sanctuary as seen from the Peppara dam
| photo_width =
| map = India |relief=1
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| location = [[Thiruvananthapuram district]], [[Kerala]], India
| nearest_city = [[Thiruvananthapuram]] {{convert|44|km|mi|sp=us}}
| coordinates = {{coord|8|38|50|N|77|10|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| area =
| established = 1983
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], Kerala Forest Department
| world_heritage_site =
| url = {{URL|http://www.forest.kerala.gov.in/}}
}}

The '''Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[Wildlife sanctuary network in India|wildlife sanctuary]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] of [[Kerala]], India. It consists of the catchment area of the [[Karamana River]], which originates from Chemmunjimottai, the tallest hill within the sanctuary. The sanctuary is named after the [[Peppara Dam]], commissioned in 1983 to augment the drinking water supply to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] city and suburban areas. Considering the ecological significance of the area, it was declared a sanctuary in 1983. The terrain is undulating with elevation ranging from 100 m to 1717 m. The area of the sanctuary is 75 km2 with [[Tropical moist broadleaf forests|tropical moist evergreen forests]] and [[myristica swamp]]s.<ref name="Menon">{{cite journal|last1=Menon|first1=A R R|last2=Verghese|first2=A O|title=Structure, diversity and status of the landscape of Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary|journal=Evergreen|volume=45|pages=15–17|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259893118|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> It is part of the [[Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Agasthyamala {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/india/agasthyamala/ |website=www.unesco.org |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is {{convert|44|km}} by car from the nearest railway station, at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], and {{convert|49|km}} from the Thiruvananthapuram airport.

==History==
The area was formerly a part of the [[Paruthippally]] range of the Thiruvananthapuram [[territorial division]]. Forests consist of part of the Palode reserve ({{convert|24|km2}}) and part of Kottoor reserve ({{convert|29|km2}}). The total water spread of the reservoir is {{convert|5.82|km2}}.

==Geography==
The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on Thiruvananthapuram-[[Ponmudi]] Road, about 50 km northeast of Thiruvananthapuram.

The area is hilly, with elevation varying from {{convert|100|m}} to {{convert|1717|m}}. The major peaks in the sanctuary are Chemmunjimottai (1717m), Athirumalai (1594m), Arumukhamkunnu (1457m), Koviltherimalai (1313m) and Nachiyadikunnu (957m). Annual average rainfall is {{convert|2500|mm}}. The major rivers are Karamana River and its tributaries.

==Biology and ecology==
Forest types include West coast tropical evergreen, Southern hilltop tropical evergreen, West coast semi-evergreen, Southern moist mixed deciduous forest, Myristica swamp forest, sub-montane hill valley swamp forest etc.

===Trees===
Common tree species are ''[[Terminalia paniculata]]'', ''T. bellerica'', ''[[Pterocarpus marsupium]]'', ''[[Palaquium|Palaquium ellipticum]]'', ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'', ''[[Hopea parviflora]]'', ''[[Bombax ceiba]]'', ''[[Syzygium cumini]]'', ''[[Lagerstroemia microcarpa]]'', ''[[Albizia|Albizia procera]]'', ''[[Alstonia scholaris]]'', etc.

===Animals===
The sanctuary has several mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. 43 species of mammals, 233 species of birds, 46 species of reptiles, 13 species of amphibians and 27 species of fishes are reported from the sanctuary. The common mammals found are [[tiger]], [[leopard]], [[sloth bear]], [[elephant]], [[sambar (deer)]], [[bonnet macaque]], [[Nilgiri langur]], [[Nilgiri tahr]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Peppara Dam Reservoir Gate IMG 20141003 174618.jpg|Peppara Dam Reservoir Entrance
Image:Peppara Reservoir.jpg|Peppara Reservoir as seen from the dam
File:Peppara Dam Reservoir IMG 20141003 174412.jpg|Dam top view
</gallery>

==See also==

* [[Kolakolli]]
* [[Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram]]

==External links==
{{commons category|Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary}}
* [http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?source=desti&destid=35&catid=&zone=1 Kerala tourism official site]
* [http://www.Nedumangad.net/ Information about Nedumangad]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Protected areas of Kerala}}
{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Geography of Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Kerala]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1983]]

Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary - Revision history

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss.