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	[[Category:Languages of India]]		[[Category:Languages of India]]
	[[Category:Surveys]]		[[Category:Surveys (human research)]]
	[[Category:Linguistic history of India]]		[[Category:Linguistic history of India]]
	[[Category:Linguistic research in India]]		[[Category:Linguistic research in India]]

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The '''People's Linguistic Survey of India''' ('''PLSI''') is a [[linguistic]] [[Survey methodology|survey]] launched in 2010 in order to update existing knowledge about the [[Languages of India|languages spoken in India]]. The survey is conducted by 3500 volunteers, including 2000 language experts, social historians, and the staff of the NGO [[Bhasha Research and Publication Centre]], Baroda, and it has identified 780 languages in India. The 35,000 page survey is being published in 50 volumes. The first six volumes were released at the Bhasha Vasudha Global Languages Conference in Vadodara on January 7, 2012.<ref>Lalmalsawma, David, ‘India speaks 780 languages, 220 lost in last 50 years’, ''Reuters.com'', September 7, 2013, Accessed on January 5, 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130910025932/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2013/09/07/india-speaks-780-languages-220-lost-in-last-50-years-survey]</ref> The survey was completed in December 2012 and several of its volumes are being published by the publishing house Orient Blackswan.

==Survey format==
The publications of the survey include the following information:
* Name of the language.
* Brief history.
* Geographical region where the language is spoken.
* Short bibliography.
* Sample oral songs with translation.
* Sample oral stories with translation.
* Colour terms.
* Relational terms.
* Terms for time and space.

For scheduled languages, the survey also provides a broad cultural overview of each language.

==Relevance==
The [[Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India]] recognizes 22 scheduled languages, excluding English, and the linguistic policies and funding of the Indian government are organised around this information. However, this information does not adequately convey the linguistic diversity of India. The 1961 Census of India had recorded 1652 languages being in use in India. However, it was decided to exclude languages spoken by less than 10,000 people in the 1971 Census, which brought down the figure to 108 languages.<ref name="Soman2013">{{cite web|author=Soman, Sandhya|title=India lost 220 languages in the last 50 years|website=The Times of India|date= 9 August 2013|access-date=7 January 2015|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-lost-220-languages-in-last-50-years-survey-finds/articleshow/21720601.cms}}</ref> PLSI has followed the policy of including all languages in the survey, irrespective of the number of users. For example, it records a language called Chaimal in [[Tripura]], which is spoken by only five people.<ref>Lalmalsawma, David, ‘India speaks 780 languages, 220 lost in last 50 years’, ''Reuters.com''</ref>

PLSI also highlights the phenomenon of [[dying language]]s. "On 26 January 2010, a lady who belonged to a community called [[Bo people (Andaman)|Bo]] died in the [[Andaman Islands]] and she was the last speaker of her language that was also called [[Bo language (India)|Bo]]. Sadly, along with her, the continuous line of wisdom of 65,000 years was also gone." said [[G. N. Devy]], the Chairperson of Bhasha Research and Publication Centre.<ref>Pathak, Maulik, ‘India becoming a graveyard of languages: Ganesh Devy’, ''Live Mint'', February 22, 2013. Accessed on January 5, 2015. http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/vIbx7ZUHxvTQMbwboNYHPI/India-is-becoming-a-graveyard-of-languages.html</ref> Observing a link between changing economic realities and the survival of languages, Devy contends that "a language disappears when the livelihood options of the speech community disappear."<ref>Lalmalsawma, David, ‘India speaks 780 languages, 220 lost in last 50 years’, ''Reuters.com''</ref>

==Selected findings==
Of all the languages documented by PLSI, 480 are languages spoken by tribals and nomadic tribes, while about 80 are coastal languages. [[Arunachal Pradesh]] is the state with the highest number of languages, with as many as 66 languages spoken there,<ref>Singh, Shiv Sahay, ‘Language Survey Reveals Diversity’, ''The Hindu'', July 22, 2013. Accessed on January 5, 2015. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/language-survey-reveals-diversity/article4938865.ece</ref> while [[West Bengal]] has the highest number of scripts, nine, and around 38 languages. The scripts that exist in Bengal are Ol Chicki (Santhal), Kol Ho, Barangh Kshiti, Lepcha, Sadri and Limbu besides Bengali, Urdu and Nepali.<ref>Bandopadhyay, Krishnendu, ‘Bengal has highest number of scripts: PLSI’, ''The Times of India'', August 31, 2013. Accessed on January 5, 2013. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bengal-has-highest-number-of-scripts-PLSI/articleshow/22174671.cms</ref> Languages with increasing numbers of speakers are [[Beary language|Byari]] in [[Karnataka]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]], [[Khasi language|Khasi]] in [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizo language|Mizo]] in [[Mizoram]], [[Kumaoni language|Kumouni]] in [[Uttarakhand]], [[Kutchi language|Kutchhi]] in [[Gujarat]] and [[Mewati language|Mewati]] in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>Lalmalsawma, David, ‘India speaks 780 languages’, ''Reuters.com''.</ref> 400 million of the Indian population speak [[Hindi]] and it remains the most popular language of India, while the number of Indian people with English as their mother language has gone up from one hundred eighty-seven thousand in 1971 to 10 million in 2011.<ref>Pathak, Maulik, ‘India becoming a graveyard of languages: Ganesh Devy’, ''Live Mint''.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*http://www.peopleslinguisticsurvey.org

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Surveys]]
[[Category:Linguistic history of India]]
[[Category:Linguistic research in India]]

People's Linguistic Survey of India - Revision history

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