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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
'''Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu''', also known as '''Pedda Timmanayudu''' or '''Yara Timmanayudu''', was a member of the [[Pemmasani Nayaks]] in the 16th century [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in [[South India]]. He is credited for the rise of [[Rama Raya (statesman)|Rama Raya]] to the throne of Vijayanagara, and he was the commandant of the [[Gandikota]] Fort.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYDfAAAAMAAJ|title=Forts of Āndhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times Upto 16th C. A.D.|last=Murthy|first=N. S. Ramachandra|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=9788186050033|location=|pages=202|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=283}}</ref> His brother was the notable [[Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu|Commander Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu]].

==Biography==
Erra Timmanayudu was born to [[Pemmasani Timmanayudu II|Timmanayudu II]] and Machamma. According to ''[[kaifiyat]]'' of Tadipatri, he succeeded to the estates of his father during the reign of [[Achyuta Deva Raya|Achyutadevaraya]].<ref name=":2">{{harvnb|Ramaswami|1975|pp=11}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=282}}</ref> Like his father, Erra became the commandant of the Gandikota Fort, which at that time was an ''amaram'' of the Nandyala chiefs.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Given the resources at his disposal as the Gandikota commandant, Erra was in a strong position to influence the affairs of Vijayanagara.<ref name=":0" /> Erra seems to have started his career during the reign of Achyutadevaraya, and he played a very active role in Vijayanagara politics following the death of Achyutadevaraya, especially in helping [[Rama Raya (statesman)|Rama Raya]] rise to power.<ref name=":03322">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=296}}</ref>

Erra espoused the cause of Rama Raya when the latter was "helpless" and in need of assistance.<ref name=":0" /> He helped Rama Raya with recruiting soldiers at Gandikota, and Rama Raya began his offensive against Salakaraju from [[Gandikota]] with the active assistance of Erra.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":03">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=287}}</ref> Erra and his brothers, Chinna Timmanayudu I and [[Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu|Ramalinga Nayudu II]], won many battles for Rama Raya, including the Battle of Juturu and Battle of Betamcherla.<ref name=":032">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=279}}</ref> A historian, Y. Sriramamurthy, stated the following about the role played by Erra in assisting Rama Raya:

{{Quote box
| quote = But for the assistance given by Yara [Erra] Timmanayudu, Ramaraya might not have succeeded in destroying Salakaraju Tirumala and enthroning his own nominee Sadasiva Raya. Indirectly, Yara [Erra] Timmanayudu contributed his [might] in laying the foundations for the meteoric rise of Ramaraya in particular and of the Araviti family in general.<ref name=":0" />
}}

Erra constructed a village and named it Timmanayudupeta.<ref name=":033">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=293}}</ref> Since in the Vijayanagara Empire, the governors, commandants of forts, and ''amarnayakas'' could mint their own coins, Erra Timmanayudu did just that and circulated them in his fiefdom.<ref name=":0332">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|pp=294–295}}</ref> He also made improvements to the [[Chintalarayaswami Temple|Chintala Venkataramana Temple]], which was built by his father, and added paintings using the large amount of money and jewels that he received from Rama Raya as gifts.<ref name=":2" />

Sriramamurthy states that "most probably", Erra Timmanayudu may have died in the [[Battle of Talikota]] because the Kaifiyat of Tadipatri makes no mention of him after the battle. Erra Timmanayudu was succeeded by his son, Pemmasani Narasimhanayudu.<ref name=":03322"/>

== Notes ==
<references />

== Bibliography ==

* {{Citation|last=Murthy|first=N. S. Ramachandra|title=Forts of Āndhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times Upto 16th C. A.D|date=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYDfAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=9788186050033}}
* {{Citation|last=Sriramamurty|first=Y.|title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volume 30, Parts 1-4|date=1964|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgDjAAAAMAAJ|pages=89–104|chapter=History of the Pemmasani Family|publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society}}
** {{citation|last=Sriramamurty|first=Y.|title=Studies in the History of the Telugu country during the Vijayanagara period 1336 to 1650 A D|date=1973|chapter=The Pemmasani Family|chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/107988/10/10_chapter%206.pdf|publisher=Karnatak University/Shodhganga|hdl=10603/107988}}
* {{Citation|last=Ramaswami|first=N. S.|title=Temples of Tadpatri|date=1975|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.63415?q=temples+of+tadipatri|publisher=Govt. of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erra Timmanayudu}}
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara generals]]

Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu - Revision history

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