Peary Chand Mitra - Revision history

DeangeloKater: further fixed citations per standard format and fixed typos per sources

2026-02-21T15:47:07Z

further fixed citations per standard format and fixed typos per sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:17, 21 February 2026
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	{{~~EngvarB~~\|date=August 2014}}		{{Short description\|Indian author and journalist (1814–1883)}}
			{{More citations needed\|date=December 2013}}
			{{Use British English\|date=August 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2014}}
	~~{{More citations needed\|date=December 2013}}~~
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Peary Chand Mitra		\| name = Peary Chand Mitra
	\| image = Peary Chand Mitra (1814-1883).jpg		\| image = Peary Chand Mitra (1814-1883).jpg
			\| caption = Portrait of Peary Chand Mitra, {{circa\|1906}}
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1814\|07\|22}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1814\|07\|22}}
	\| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br/>(now [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])		\| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br/>(now [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India)
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1883\|11\|23\|1814\|07\|24}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1883\|11\|23\|1814\|07\|24}}
	\| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] (now [[Kolkata]], [[India]])		\| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] (now [[Kolkata]], India)
	\| ~~nationality~~ = ~~[[British India]]n~~		\|other_names = Tek Chand Thakur
	\| occupation = Writer, journalist, cultural activist, entrepreneur		\| occupation = Writer, journalist, cultural activist, entrepreneur
	\| notable_works = ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' (1857)		\| notable_works = ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' (1857)
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	{{Young Bengal}}		{{Young Bengal}}

	'''Peary Chand Mitra''' (22 July 1814 – 23 November 1883) was an Indian writer, journalist, cultural activist and entrepreneur.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book \|last=Islam \|first=Sirajul \|year=2012 \|chapter=Mitra, Peary Chand \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mitra,_Peary_Chand \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> His ~~pseudo name is Tekchand~~ Thakur. He was a member of [[Henry Louis Vivian Derozio\|Henry Derozio's]] [[Young Bengal]] group, who played a leading role in the [[Bengal ~~renaissance~~]] with the introduction of simple Bengali prose. His ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' pioneered the novel in the [[Bengali language]], leading to a tradition taken up by [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] and others. Mitra died on 23 November 1883 in Kolkata.		'''Peary Chand Mitra''' (22 July 1814 – 23 November 1883) was an Indian writer, journalist, cultural activist and entrepreneur.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book \|last=Islam \|first=Sirajul \|year=2012 \|chapter=Mitra, Peary Chand \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mitra,_Peary_Chand \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> His pseudonym was Tek Chand Thakur. He was a member of [[Henry Louis Vivian Derozio\|Henry Derozio's]] [[Young Bengal]] group, who played a leading role in the [[Bengal Renaissance]] with the introduction of simple Bengali prose. His ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' pioneered the novel in the [[Bengali language]], leading to a tradition taken up by [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] and others. Mitra died on 23 November 1883 in Kolkata.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Mitra was born at [[Calcutta]] on 22 July 1814. His ancestral village was Panisehala in [[Hooghly District]] of present-day [[West Bengal]].<ref name = "Ghosh11">Ghosh, Manmathnath, ''Karmabeer Kishorichand Mitra'', 1926, p 11</ref> His father, Ramnarayan Mitra, moved from Panisehala, [[Hooghly district\|Hooghli District]] to Calcutta in early life and made his fortunes as banians<ref>Banians are local brokers and agents to the European merchants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</ref> to European merchants and officials.<ref name=bpedia/> [[Kishori Chand Mitra]] was his brother. As ~~per~~ the custom ~~of the day~~, he started learning [[Persian language\|Persian]] at a young age and in 1827 joined the [[Presidency University, Kolkata\|Hindu College]],<ref name=bpedia/> where he started learning English. While still a student he started a school in his own home to teach others in his locality what he learnt. At some point in time his friends [[Rasik Krishna Mallick]], [[Radhanath Sikdar]] and [[Sib Chandra Deb]] joined him to bolster his efforts. [[David Hare (philanthropist)\|David Hare]] and Derozio helped him as well.		Mitra was born at [[Calcutta]] on 22 July 1814. His ancestral village was Panisehala in [[Hooghly District]] of present-day [[West Bengal]].<ref name = "Ghosh11">Ghosh, Manmathnath, ''Karmabeer Kishorichand Mitra'', 1926, p 11</ref> His father, Ramnarayan Mitra, moved from Panisehala, [[Hooghly district\|Hooghli District]] to Calcutta in early life and made his fortunes as banians<ref>Banians are local brokers and agents to the European merchants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</ref> to European merchants and officials.<ref name=bpedia/> [[Kishori Chand Mitra]] was his brother. As was the custom at that time, he started learning [[Persian language\|Persian]] at a young age and in 1827 joined the [[Presidency University, Kolkata\|Hindu College]],<ref name=bpedia/> where he started learning English. While still a student he started a school in his own home to teach others in his locality what he learnt. At some point in time his friends [[Rasik Krishna Mallick]], [[Radhanath Sikdar]] and Sib Chandra Deb joined him to bolster his efforts. [[David Hare (philanthropist)\|David Hare]] and Derozio helped him as well.

	==Career==		==Career==
	Mitra joined Calcutta Public Library as deputy librarian in 1836.<ref name=bpedia/> The library was established the same year in the residence of an Englishman named Strong in the Esplanade. It was later shifted to [[Fort William College]] and when the Metcalfe Hall was constructed to pay respect to the memory of [[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe\|Charles Metcalfe]], the library was moved to the hall in 1844. Mitra rapidly rose up the ladder as librarian, secretary and finally curator, a position he held till his retirement.		Mitra joined Calcutta Public Library as deputy librarian in 1836.<ref name=bpedia/> The library was established the same year in the residence of an Englishman named Strong in the Esplanade. It was later shifted to [[Fort William College]] and when the Metcalfe Hall was constructed to pay respect to the memory of [[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe\|Charles Metcalfe]], the library was moved to the hall in 1844. Mitra rapidly rose up the ladder as librarian, secretary and finally curator, a position he held till his retirement.

	He was associated with a variety of social welfare activities of his day. He was a member of the Calcutta University Senate, the society for prevention of cruelty to animals, and Bethune Society. He was secretary of the British India Society (later Association). He was also a [[Justice of the peace\|Justice of the Peace]].		He was associated with a variety of social welfare activities of his day. He was a member of the Calcutta University Senate, the society for prevention of cruelty to animals, and the Bethune Society. He was secretary of the British India Society (later Association). He was also a [[Justice of the peace\|Justice of the Peace]].

	He had interest in the development of agriculture in the country. His criticism of the permanent settlement, ''The Zemindar and Ryots'', created a sensation. While a member of the Agricultural Society, he started an organisation for the translation of books on agriculture from English to Bengali. In 1881, when [[Madame Blavatsky]] and [[Henry Steel Olcott\|Col Olcott]] visited India, he became involved with the [[Theosophical Society]].		He had a strong interest in the development of agriculture in the country. His criticism of the permanent settlement, ''The Zemindar and Ryots'', created a sensation. While a member of the Agricultural Society, he started an organisation for the translation of books on agriculture from English to Bengali. In 1881, when [[Madame Blavatsky]] and [[Henry Steel Olcott\|Col Olcott]] visited India, he became involved with the [[Theosophical Society]].

	==Journalism and literary work==		==Journalism and literary work==
	Mitra ~~is particularly known for his contribution to the development of journalism and Bangla literature. He~~ was a ~~regular~~ contributor to the ''Englishman'', ''Indian Field'', ''Hindu Patriot'', ''Friend of India'', ''Calcutta Review'', ''Bengal Harkara'' and ''Bengal Spectator''.<ref name=bpedia/> Along with his Derozian friend Rasik Krishna Mallick, he edited the ''Jnananeswan''. Another Derozian, Ram Gopal Ghosh, was associated with it.		Mitra was a contributor to the ''Englishman'', ''Indian Field'', ''Hindu Patriot'', ''Friend of India'', ''Calcutta Review'', ''Bengal Harkara'' and ''Bengal Spectator''.<ref name=bpedia/> Along with his Derozian friend Rasik Krishna Mallick, he edited the ''Jnananeswan''. Another Derozian, Ram Gopal Ghosh, was associated with it.

	His major literary works include:		His major literary works include:
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	In English he wrote ''A Biographical Sketch of David Hare'' (1877), ''The Spiritual Stray Leaves'' (1879), ''Stray Thought of Spiritualism'' (1879), and ''Life of Dewan Ramkamal Sen'' (1880) and an essay named ''The Zamindar and Royats.''<ref name="bpedia" /> That was the age when [[Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar]] was writing Bengali heavily loaded with Sanskrit words and [[Akshay Kumar Datta]] was experimenting with the language in [[Tattwabodhini Patrika]]. Both were masters of Sanskrit and used all the ornamentation of that rich language. Bengali prose was in its infancy. Learned people used to poke fun at it and ridiculed the language, and a newspaper such as Iswar Chandra Gupta's ''[[Sambad Prabhakar]]'' published all that.		In English he wrote ''A Biographical Sketch of David Hare'' (1877), ''The Spiritual Stray Leaves'' (1879), ''Stray Thought of Spiritualism'' (1879), and ''Life of Dewan Ramkamal Sen'' (1880) and an essay named ''The Zamindar and Royats.''<ref name="bpedia" /> That was the age when [[Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar]] was writing Bengali heavily loaded with Sanskrit words and [[Akshay Kumar Datta]] was experimenting with the language in [[Tattwabodhini Patrika]]. Both were masters of Sanskrit and used all the ornamentation of that rich language. Bengali prose was in its infancy. Learned people used to poke fun at it and ridiculed the language, and a newspaper such as Iswar Chandra Gupta's ''[[Sambad Prabhakar]]'' published all that.

	In 1857, Mitra and Radhanath Sikdar started a small magazine, ''Masik Patrika'', which used simple spoken Bengali prose everybody could understand. It was a major breakthrough in the use of Bengali, and the magazine instantly became popular. His novel ''Alaler Gharer Dulal'', written under the pseudonym Tek Chand Thakur, used simple Bengali prose, closer to the spoken speech of the day, and was serialised in the magazine. It was one of the earliest Bengali novels and became an instant success.<ref>[[Hana Catherine Mullens]] wrote ''Phoolmani O Karunar Bibaran'' in 1852. This is regarded as the first novel in Bengali; ''Alaler Gharer Dulal'' was published in 1858, as per ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' page 423. Harinath Mazumdar wrote a novel ''Bijay Basanta'' at the same time as per ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', page 88.</ref> So great was its popularity that the language style came to be known as 'Alali'. That set the trend for Bengali prose then. In 1864, [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] published his first novel ''Durgeshnandini'' to finally lay down the standard for Bengali prose. ''Alaler Ghare Dulal'' was later translated into English.		In 1857, Mitra and [[Radhanath Sikdar]] started a small magazine, ''Masik Patrika'', which used simple spoken Bengali prose everybody could understand. It was a major breakthrough in the use of Bengali, and the magazine instantly became popular. His novel ''Alaler Gharer Dulal'', written under the pseudonym Tek Chand Thakur, used simple Bengali prose, closer to the spoken speech of the day, and was serialised in the magazine. It was one of the earliest Bengali novels and became an instant success.<ref>[[Hana Catherine Mullens]] wrote ''Phoolmani O Karunar Bibaran'' in 1852. This is regarded as the first novel in Bengali; ''Alaler Gharer Dulal'' was published in 1858, as per ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' page 423. Harinath Mazumdar wrote a novel ''Bijay Basanta'' at the same time as per ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', page 88.</ref> So great was its popularity that the language style came to be known as 'Alali'. That set the trend for Bengali prose then. In 1864, [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] published his first novel ''Durgeshnandini'' to finally lay down the standard for Bengali prose. ''Alaler Ghare Dulal'' was later translated into English.

	===''Dickens of Bengal''===		===''Dickens of Bengal''===
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	==Entrepreneurship==		==Entrepreneurship==
	In later life, Mitra became a successful businessman~~. He was partner and director of companies like Great Eastern Hotel Company Ltd., Port Canning Grand Investment Co, and Howrah Docking Co~~.<ref name=bpedia/> Along with his Derozian friend Tarachand ~~Chuckervertty~~, he was involved in export-import business ''Pearychand & Tarachand Limited''.		In later life, Mitra became a successful businessman.<ref name=bpedia/> Along with his Derozian friend Tarachand Chakraborti, he was involved in export-import business ''Pearychand & Tarachand Limited''.

	== Family ==		== Family ==
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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Peary Chand}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Peary Chand}}
	[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]		[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
	[[Category:~~Bengali writers~~]]		[[Category:Journalists from Kolkata]]
	[[Category:Brahmos]]		[[Category:Brahmos]]
	~~[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]~~
	[[Category:1814 births]]		[[Category:1814 births]]
	[[Category:1883 deaths]]		[[Category:1883 deaths]]
			[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
			[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
			[[Category:Bengali-language novelists]]
	[[Category:Young Bengal]]		[[Category:Young Bengal]]
	[[Category:Journalists from ~~West Bengal~~]]		[[Category:Journalists from British India]]
			[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
			[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
			[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
	[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]		[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
	[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]		[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
			[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
			[[Category:19th-century Indian writers]]
			[[Category:Indian activists]]

imported>Billjones94 at 15:53, 14 June 2021

2021-06-14T15:53:13Z

New page

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peary Chand Mitra
| image = Peary Chand Mitra (1814-1883).jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1814|07|22}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br/>(now [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1883|11|23|1814|07|24}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] (now [[Kolkata]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[British India]]n
| occupation = Writer, journalist, cultural activist, entrepreneur
| notable_works = ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' (1857)
}}
{{Young Bengal}}

'''Peary Chand Mitra''' (22 July 1814 – 23 November 1883) was an Indian writer, journalist, cultural activist and entrepreneur.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Mitra, Peary Chand |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mitra,_Peary_Chand |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> His pseudo name is Tekchand Thakur. He was a member of [[Henry Louis Vivian Derozio|Henry Derozio's]] [[Young Bengal]] group, who played a leading role in the [[Bengal renaissance]] with the introduction of simple Bengali prose. His ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' pioneered the novel in the [[Bengali language]], leading to a tradition taken up by [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] and others. Mitra died on 23 November 1883 in Kolkata.

==Early life==
Mitra was born at [[Calcutta]] on 22 July 1814. His ancestral village was Panisehala in [[Hooghly District]] of present-day [[West Bengal]].<ref name = "Ghosh11">Ghosh, Manmathnath, ''Karmabeer Kishorichand Mitra'', 1926, p 11</ref> His father, Ramnarayan Mitra, moved from Panisehala, [[Hooghly district|Hooghli District]] to Calcutta in early life and made his fortunes as banians<ref>Banians are local brokers and agents to the European merchants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</ref> to European merchants and officials.<ref name=bpedia/> [[Kishori Chand Mitra]] was his brother. As per the custom of the day, he started learning [[Persian language|Persian]] at a young age and in 1827 joined the [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Hindu College]],<ref name=bpedia/> where he started learning English. While still a student he started a school in his own home to teach others in his locality what he learnt. At some point in time his friends [[Rasik Krishna Mallick]], [[Radhanath Sikdar]] and [[Sib Chandra Deb]] joined him to bolster his efforts. [[David Hare (philanthropist)|David Hare]] and Derozio helped him as well.

==Career==
Mitra joined Calcutta Public Library as deputy librarian in 1836.<ref name=bpedia/> The library was established the same year in the residence of an Englishman named Strong in the Esplanade. It was later shifted to [[Fort William College]] and when the Metcalfe Hall was constructed to pay respect to the memory of [[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe|Charles Metcalfe]], the library was moved to the hall in 1844. Mitra rapidly rose up the ladder as librarian, secretary and finally curator, a position he held till his retirement.

He was associated with a variety of social welfare activities of his day. He was a member of the Calcutta University Senate, the society for prevention of cruelty to animals, and Bethune Society. He was secretary of the British India Society (later Association). He was also a [[Justice of the peace|Justice of the Peace]].

He had interest in the development of agriculture in the country. His criticism of the permanent settlement, ''The Zemindar and Ryots'', created a sensation. While a member of the Agricultural Society, he started an organisation for the translation of books on agriculture from English to Bengali. In 1881, when [[Madame Blavatsky]] and [[Henry Steel Olcott|Col Olcott]] visited India, he became involved with the [[Theosophical Society]].

==Journalism and literary work==
Mitra is particularly known for his contribution to the development of journalism and Bangla literature. He was a regular contributor to the ''Englishman'', ''Indian Field'', ''Hindu Patriot'', ''Friend of India'', ''Calcutta Review'', ''Bengal Harkara'' and ''Bengal Spectator''.<ref name=bpedia/> Along with his Derozian friend Rasik Krishna Mallick, he edited the ''Jnananeswan''. Another Derozian, Ram Gopal Ghosh, was associated with it.

His major literary works include:

* ''[[Alaler Gharer Dulal]]'' (1857)
* ''Mad Khaoya Bada Day Jat Thakar ki Upay'' (1859)
* ''Ramaranjika'' (1860)
* ''Krsipath'' (1861)
* ''Bamatoshini'' (1881)
* ''Abhedi'' (1871)
* ''Jatkinchit'' (1865)
* ''Adhyantika'' (1881)
In English he wrote ''A Biographical Sketch of David Hare'' (1877), ''The Spiritual Stray Leaves'' (1879), ''Stray Thought of Spiritualism'' (1879), and ''Life of Dewan Ramkamal Sen'' (1880) and an essay named ''The Zamindar and Royats.''<ref name="bpedia" /> That was the age when [[Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar]] was writing Bengali heavily loaded with Sanskrit words and [[Akshay Kumar Datta]] was experimenting with the language in [[Tattwabodhini Patrika]]. Both were masters of Sanskrit and used all the ornamentation of that rich language. Bengali prose was in its infancy. Learned people used to poke fun at it and ridiculed the language, and a newspaper such as Iswar Chandra Gupta's ''[[Sambad Prabhakar]]'' published all that.

In 1857, Mitra and Radhanath Sikdar started a small magazine, ''Masik Patrika'', which used simple spoken Bengali prose everybody could understand. It was a major breakthrough in the use of Bengali, and the magazine instantly became popular. His novel ''Alaler Gharer Dulal'', written under the pseudonym Tek Chand Thakur, used simple Bengali prose, closer to the spoken speech of the day, and was serialised in the magazine. It was one of the earliest Bengali novels and became an instant success.<ref>[[Hana Catherine Mullens]] wrote ''Phoolmani O Karunar Bibaran'' in 1852. This is regarded as the first novel in Bengali; ''Alaler Gharer Dulal'' was published in 1858, as per ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' page 423. Harinath Mazumdar wrote a novel ''Bijay Basanta'' at the same time as per ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', page 88.</ref> So great was its popularity that the language style came to be known as 'Alali'. That set the trend for Bengali prose then. In 1864, [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] published his first novel ''Durgeshnandini'' to finally lay down the standard for Bengali prose. ''Alaler Ghare Dulal'' was later translated into English.

===''Dickens of Bengal''===
Rev. James Long was a keen observer of the literary scene in Bengal and referred to Mitra as 'the [[Charles Dickens|Dickens]] of Bengal'. He was imprisoned and fined for writing a preface to the English translation of [[Dinabandhu Mitra]]'s controversial play ''[[Nil Darpan]]''. The translation was done by [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]].

==Entrepreneurship==
In later life, Mitra became a successful businessman. He was partner and director of companies like Great Eastern Hotel Company Ltd., Port Canning Grand Investment Co, and Howrah Docking Co.<ref name=bpedia/> Along with his Derozian friend Tarachand Chuckervertty, he was involved in export-import business ''Pearychand & Tarachand Limited''.

== Family ==
Mitra had a brother [[Kishori Chand Mitra]], a civil servant. He had four sons{{snd}}Amrita Lal Mitra, Chuuni Lal Mitra, Heera Lal Mitra and Nagendra Lal Mitra and a daughter Uma Shashi Mitra.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'' in Bengali by Sivanath Sastri, page 87.
* ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' (Biographical dictionary) in Bengali edited by Subodh Chandra Sengupta and Anjali Bose, page 292.

{{Bengal Renaissance}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Peary Chand}}
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:1814 births]]
[[Category:1883 deaths]]
[[Category:Young Bengal]]
[[Category:Journalists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]