UpdateBot at 16:26, 24 December 2021

2021-12-24T16:26:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:56, 24 December 2021
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	[[File:Map of the Pearl Fishery Coast 1889.jpg\|thumb\|Map of the Pearl Fishery Coast, on the southeast portion of the Indian peninsula.]]		{{Short description\|Refers to a coastal area of southern India}}[[File:Map of the Pearl Fishery Coast 1889.jpg\|thumb\|Map of the Pearl Fishery Coast, on the southeast portion of the Indian peninsula.]]
	[[Image:Conversion of Paravas by Francis Xavier in 1542.jpg\|thumb\|Conversion of the [[Paravas]] by [[Francis Xavier]], in a 19th-century colored lithograph.]]		[[Image:Conversion of Paravas by Francis Xavier in 1542.jpg\|thumb\|Conversion of the [[Paravas]] by [[Francis Xavier]], in a 19th-century colored lithograph.]]
	[[File:Vaipparfamily.JPG\|thumb\|Inhabitants of the Pearl Fishery Coast.]]		[[File:Vaipparfamily.JPG\|thumb\|Inhabitants of the Pearl Fishery Coast.]]
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	In a conflict between the Paravas and the Arabs in 1532, the Paravas sought protection from the Portuguese. In 1535, the Portuguese led an army under [[Pedro Vaz (captain)\|Pedro Vaz]] and expelled the Arabs.<ref name="Kim 103"/> As a compensation, the Paravas accepted to convert to Christianity.<ref name="Kim 103"/>		In a conflict between the Paravas and the Arabs in 1532, the Paravas sought protection from the Portuguese. In 1535, the Portuguese led an army under [[Pedro Vaz (captain)\|Pedro Vaz]] and expelled the Arabs.<ref name="Kim 103"/> As a compensation, the Paravas accepted to convert to Christianity.<ref name="Kim 103"/>

	The Portuguese conquered the Pearl Fishery Coast from the Muslims of [[~~Kalyalpattanam~~]] in 1525.<ref name="Kim 103"/> They restored the rights of the Paravas to exploit their fisheries in exchange for a considerable annual tribute.<ref name="Kim 103"/>		The Portuguese conquered the Pearl Fishery Coast from the Muslims of [[Kayalpatnam\|Kayalpattanam]] in 1525.<ref name="Kim 103"/> They restored the rights of the Paravas to exploit their fisheries in exchange for a considerable annual tribute.<ref name="Kim 103"/>

	The Paravas, who lived along the Pearl Fishery Coast adopted Christianity in 1535-1536, becoming an important Christian region, and succeeded the first introduction of Christianity in [[Mylapore]] with the [[Thomas Christians]].<ref name="Kim 103">[https://books.google.com/books?id=xa4vAejmG_AC&pg=PA103 ''Strange names of God'' Sangkeun Kim p.103''ff'']</ref> The Portuguese derived considerable profit from the pearl trade, and strictly controlled the Pearl Fishery Coast through the [[Padroado]] system.<ref name="Kim 103"/>		The Paravas, who lived along the Pearl Fishery Coast adopted Christianity in 1535-1536, becoming an important Christian region, and succeeded the first introduction of Christianity in [[Mylapore]] with the [[Thomas Christians]].<ref name="Kim 103">[https://books.google.com/books?id=xa4vAejmG_AC&pg=PA103 ''Strange names of God'' Sangkeun Kim p.103''ff'']</ref> The Portuguese derived considerable profit from the pearl trade, and strictly controlled the Pearl Fishery Coast through the [[Padroado]] system.<ref name="Kim 103"/>
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	The missionary [[Francis Xavier]], coming from [[Goa]], reached the Pearl Fishery Coast in 1542, where he was able to evangelize successfully the [[Paravars]], converting an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 souls,<ref name="The Month 398"/> although he is said to have accomplished this extraordinary achievement "largely due to his judicious mixture of threats and blandishments, 'and now with the favours that he promised them, and at times adding some threats of the harm that might come to them if the [Portuguese] captain deprived them of their fishing and seaborne trade'".<ref>Charles R. Boxer, <i>The Portuguese Seaborne Mission 1415-1825</i>, London, 1969, p. 76 quoting Padre Alexandre Valignano, S.J., as his source.</ref>		The missionary [[Francis Xavier]], coming from [[Goa]], reached the Pearl Fishery Coast in 1542, where he was able to evangelize successfully the [[Paravars]], converting an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 souls,<ref name="The Month 398"/> although he is said to have accomplished this extraordinary achievement "largely due to his judicious mixture of threats and blandishments, 'and now with the favours that he promised them, and at times adding some threats of the harm that might come to them if the [Portuguese] captain deprived them of their fishing and seaborne trade'".<ref>Charles R. Boxer, <i>The Portuguese Seaborne Mission 1415-1825</i>, London, 1969, p. 76 quoting Padre Alexandre Valignano, S.J., as his source.</ref>

	In 1553, a fleet of the [[Ottoman Empire]] made a raid on the Pearl Fishery Coast around [[Tuticorin]]. They were assisted by the [[Marakkar]] [[Muslims]] of [[Zamorin\|Malabar]], and had the tacit agreement of [[Vittula Nayak]] of [[Madurai]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117]</ref> 52 Portuguese were captured at [[Punnaikayal]], and churches burnt down.<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/> The Ottomans failed however in 1553 against a Portuguese fleet at sea near [[al-Fahl]].<ref>''Historical Muscat: an illustrated guide and gazetteer'' John Peterson p.118 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNu4_uHo7CQC&pg=PA118]</ref><ref>''Historical Muscat: an illustrated guide and gazetteer'' John Peterson p.48 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNu4_uHo7CQC&pg=PA48]</ref>		In 1553, a fleet of the [[Ottoman Empire]] made a raid on the Pearl Fishery Coast around [[Tuticorin]]. They were assisted by the [[Marakkar]] [[Muslims]] of [[Zamorin\|Malabar]], and had the tacit agreement of [[Vittula Nayak]] of [[Madurai]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by [[Pius Malekandathil]] p.117 [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117]</ref> 52 Portuguese were captured at [[Punnaikayal]], and churches burnt down.<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/> The Ottomans failed however in 1553 against a Portuguese fleet at sea near [[al-Fahl]].<ref>''Historical Muscat: an illustrated guide and gazetteer'' John Peterson p.118 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNu4_uHo7CQC&pg=PA118]</ref><ref>''Historical Muscat: an illustrated guide and gazetteer'' John Peterson p.48 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNu4_uHo7CQC&pg=PA48]</ref>

	There were numerous conflicts between the Christian Paravas and the Muslims for control of the fisheries.<ref name="Indian church history review"/>		There were numerous conflicts between the Christian Paravas and the Muslims for control of the fisheries.<ref name="Indian church history review"/>
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	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Industry in ancient Tamil country]]		* [[Industry in ancient Tamil country]]
			* [[Vembar]]
			* [[Keelavaippar\|Vaipar]]
			* [[Thoothukudi\|Tuticorin]]
			* [[Punnaikayal]]
			* [[Virapandianpatnam]]
			* [[Manapad]]
	* [[Kuthenkuly]]		* [[Kuthenkuly]]
	* [[Keelavaippar]]		* [[Keelavaippar]]
	* [[Periathalai]]		* [[Periathalai]]
	* [[Punnaikayal]]
	* [[Margaritifer Terra]] and the [[Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle]] in Mars were named after this coast		* [[Margaritifer Terra]] and the [[Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle]] in Mars were named after this coast

imported>Error: /* See also / Margaritifer Terra and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle in Mars were named after this coast

2021-03-01T13:06:37Z

See also: * Margaritifer Terra and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle in Mars were named after this coast

New page

[[File:Map of the Pearl Fishery Coast 1889.jpg|thumb|Map of the Pearl Fishery Coast, on the southeast portion of the Indian peninsula.]]
[[Image:Conversion of Paravas by Francis Xavier in 1542.jpg|thumb|Conversion of the [[Paravas]] by [[Francis Xavier]], in a 19th-century colored lithograph.]]
[[File:Vaipparfamily.JPG|thumb|Inhabitants of the Pearl Fishery Coast.]]
The '''Pearl Fishery Coast''' refers to a coastal area of [[southern India]], extending along the [[Coromandel Coast]] from [[Tuticorin]] to [[Comorin]] ruled by [[Paravar]]s.<ref name="The Month 398">[https://books.google.com/books?id=eXFIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA398 ''The month'' Vol.66 p.398]</ref>

The coast took its name from the presence of [[pearls]] along the coast, and the numerous [[Pearl hunting|pearl fisheries]] that operated to harvest them.<ref name="Indian church history review">"Among the coastal areas the Fishery Coast was famous because of the pearls found in it. Thousands of people were employed every season in pearl fishing. The Paravas and Muslims often fought for the ownership of the Pearl Fishery." in ''Indian church history review'' Vol.35 2001 p.70</ref>

In a conflict between the Paravas and the Arabs in 1532, the Paravas sought protection from the Portuguese. In 1535, the Portuguese led an army under [[Pedro Vaz (captain)|Pedro Vaz]] and expelled the Arabs.<ref name="Kim 103"/> As a compensation, the Paravas accepted to convert to Christianity.<ref name="Kim 103"/>

The Portuguese conquered the Pearl Fishery Coast from the Muslims of [[Kalyalpattanam]] in 1525.<ref name="Kim 103"/> They restored the rights of the Paravas to exploit their fisheries in exchange for a considerable annual tribute.<ref name="Kim 103"/>

The Paravas, who lived along the Pearl Fishery Coast adopted Christianity in 1535-1536, becoming an important Christian region, and succeeded the first introduction of Christianity in [[Mylapore]] with the [[Thomas Christians]].<ref name="Kim 103">[https://books.google.com/books?id=xa4vAejmG_AC&pg=PA103 ''Strange names of God'' Sangkeun Kim p.103''ff'']</ref> The Portuguese derived considerable profit from the pearl trade, and strictly controlled the Pearl Fishery Coast through the [[Padroado]] system.<ref name="Kim 103"/>

The missionary [[Francis Xavier]], coming from [[Goa]], reached the Pearl Fishery Coast in 1542, where he was able to evangelize successfully the [[Paravars]], converting an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 souls,<ref name="The Month 398"/> although he is said to have accomplished this extraordinary achievement "largely due to his judicious mixture of threats and blandishments, 'and now with the favours that he promised them, and at times adding some threats of the harm that might come to them if the [Portuguese] captain deprived them of their fishing and seaborne trade'".<ref>Charles R. Boxer, <i>The Portuguese Seaborne Mission 1415-1825</i>, London, 1969, p. 76 quoting Padre Alexandre Valignano, S.J., as his source.</ref>

In 1553, a fleet of the [[Ottoman Empire]] made a raid on the Pearl Fishery Coast around [[Tuticorin]]. They were assisted by the [[Marakkar]] [[Muslims]] of [[Zamorin|Malabar]], and had the tacit agreement of [[Vittula Nayak]] of [[Madurai]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117]</ref> 52 Portuguese were captured at [[Punnaikayal]], and churches burnt down.<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/> The Ottomans failed however in 1553 against a Portuguese fleet at sea near [[al-Fahl]].<ref>''Historical Muscat: an illustrated guide and gazetteer'' John Peterson p.118 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNu4_uHo7CQC&pg=PA118]</ref><ref>''Historical Muscat: an illustrated guide and gazetteer'' John Peterson p.48 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNu4_uHo7CQC&pg=PA48]</ref>

There were numerous conflicts between the Christian Paravas and the Muslims for control of the fisheries.<ref name="Indian church history review"/>

==See also==
* [[Industry in ancient Tamil country]]
* [[Kuthenkuly]]
* [[Keelavaippar]]
* [[Periathalai]]
* [[Punnaikayal]]
* [[Margaritifer Terra]] and the [[Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle]] in Mars were named after this coast

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Geography of India]]
[[Category:1525 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Coromandel Coast]]
[[Category:Pearlers]]

Pearl Fishery Coast - Revision history

UpdateBot at 16:26, 24 December 2021

imported>Error: /* See also */ * Margaritifer Terra and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle in Mars were named after this coast

imported>Error: /* See also / Margaritifer Terra and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle in Mars were named after this coast