Marinavan: rework information for accuracy additionally and improved wording

2025-05-31T08:42:49Z

rework information for accuracy additionally and improved wording

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 31 May 2025
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	{{Short description\|Historiographical term}}		{{Short description\|Historiographical term}}
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	~~[[File:Eurasia 2nd century and~~ Kushan Empire.~~jpg\|thumb\|~~Kushan empire was a meeting point between [[East Asia]] and [[West Asia]]. Eurasia in the 2nd century AD.]]		{{Continental Asia in 100 CE\|right\|The Kushan Empire and contemporary polities in continental Asia circa 100 AD. Kushan empire was a meeting point between [[East Asia]] and [[West Asia]]. Eurasia in the 2nd century AD.\|\|Map_of_the_Kushan_Empire_(large).png}}
	'''''Pax Kushana''''' or '''''Pax Kushanica''''' ([[Latin]] for "Kushan Peace", modelled after ''[[Pax Romana]]'') is a historiographical term sometimes used to describe the social and economic peace in the regions under the [[Kushan Empire]] between 2nd and 4th centuries AD, notably in the [[Indus Valley]], [[Gandhara]] and parts of [[Central Asia]].<ref name="a">{{Cite book \|last=Reden \|first=Sitta von \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmZUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT937 \|title=Handbook of Ancient Afro-Eurasian Economies: Volume 2: Local, Regional, and Imperial Economies \|date=2021~~-12-20~~ \|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG \|isbn=978-3-11-060493-1 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Darian \|first=Steven G. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0obUy_W9NREC&dq=pax+kushana&pg=PA94 \|title=The Ganges in Myth and History \|date=2001 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1757-9 \|page=94 \|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Pax Kushana''''' or '''''Pax Kushanica''''' ([[Latin]] for "Kushan Peace", modelled after ''[[Pax Romana]]'') is a historiographical term sometimes used to describe the social and economic peace in the regions under the [[Kushan Empire]] between 2nd and 4th centuries AD, notably in the [[Indus Valley]], [[Gandhara]] and parts of [[Central Asia]].<ref name="a">{{Cite book \|last=Reden \|first=Sitta von \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmZUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT937 \|title=Handbook of Ancient Afro-Eurasian Economies: Volume 2: Local, Regional, and Imperial Economies \|date=12 December 2021 \|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG \|isbn=978-3-11-060493-1 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Darian \|first=Steven G. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0obUy_W9NREC&dq=pax+kushana&pg=PA94 \|title=The Ganges in Myth and History \|date=2001 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1757-9 \|page=94 \|language=en}}</ref>

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	This period was characterized by a high level of urbanization in the Indus Valley and [[Bactria]], greater trade connections between Indian subcontinent and Central Asia and expansion of arable ~~lands~~ in the empire.<ref name="a" /> It also oversaw flourishing of [[Gandharan Buddhism]] and [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism\|transmission of Buddhism through ~~silk-route~~ to China]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hiltebeitel \|first=Alf \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4NF8pYxdvIC&dq=pax+kushana&pg=PA317 \|title=Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative \|date=2011~~-08-17~~ \|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \|isbn=978-0-19-539423-8 \|language=en~~\|page=317~~}}</ref>		This period was characterized by a high level of urbanization in the Indus Valley and [[Bactria]], greater trade connections between the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia, and expansion of the arable land in the empire.<ref name="a" /> It also oversaw the flourishing of [[Gandharan Buddhism]] and [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism\|transmission of Buddhism through the Silk Road to China]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hiltebeitel \|first=Alf \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4NF8pYxdvIC&dq=pax+kushana&pg=PA317 \|title=Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative \|date=17 August 2011 \|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \|isbn=978-0-19-539423-8 \|page=317 \|language=en}}</ref>

	Kushan ~~empire~~ was located on the meeting points of [[~~Sassanian Persia~~]], [[Han China]], and the various [[Classical India\|Indian kingdoms]] to the east. ~~According to~~ [[Alain Daniélou]]: "~~for~~ a time, the Kushana Empire was the centerpoint of the major civilizations".<ref name="A Brief History of India">{{cite book \|last1=Daniélou \|first1=Alain \|title=A Brief History of India \|date=2003 \|publisher=Simon and Schuster \|isbn=9781594777943 \|page=111 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlwoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT111}}</ref> The peace and prosperity brought by ~~Kushans resuled into~~ new styles of [[Kushan art\|art]] and [[Kushan coinage\|coinage]], and strengthened the [[Indo-Roman trade]] links.		The Kushan Empire was located on the meeting points of the [[Sasanian Empire\|Sasanian]] and [[Parthian Empire\|Parthian]] empires, [[Han China]], and the various [[Classical India\|Indian kingdoms]] to the east. French historian [[Alain Daniélou]] states "For a time, the Kushana Empire was the centerpoint of the major civilizations".<ref name="A Brief History of India">{{cite book \|last1=Daniélou \|first1=Alain \|title=A Brief History of India \|date=2003 \|publisher=Simon and Schuster \|isbn=9781594777943 \|page=111 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlwoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT111}}</ref> The peace and prosperity brought by the Kushan Empire resulted in new styles of [[Kushan art\|art]] and [[Kushan coinage\|coinage]], and strengthened the [[Indo-Roman trade]] links.

	==See also==		==See also==

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2023-09-05T18:34:21Z

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{{Short description|Historiographical term}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:Eurasia 2nd century and Kushan Empire.jpg|thumb|Kushan empire was a meeting point between [[East Asia]] and [[West Asia]]. Eurasia in the 2nd century AD.]]
'''''Pax Kushana''''' or '''''Pax Kushanica''''' ([[Latin]] for "Kushan Peace", modelled after ''[[Pax Romana]]'') is a historiographical term sometimes used to describe the social and economic peace in the regions under the [[Kushan Empire]] between 2nd and 4th centuries AD, notably in the [[Indus Valley]], [[Gandhara]] and parts of [[Central Asia]].<ref name="a">{{Cite book |last=Reden |first=Sitta von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmZUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT937 |title=Handbook of Ancient Afro-Eurasian Economies: Volume 2: Local, Regional, and Imperial Economies |date=2021-12-20 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060493-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Darian |first=Steven G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0obUy_W9NREC&dq=pax+kushana&pg=PA94 |title=The Ganges in Myth and History |date=2001 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1757-9 |page=94 |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
This period was characterized by a high level of urbanization in the Indus Valley and [[Bactria]], greater trade connections between Indian subcontinent and Central Asia and expansion of arable lands in the empire.<ref name="a" /> It also oversaw flourishing of [[Gandharan Buddhism]] and [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|transmission of Buddhism through silk-route to China]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4NF8pYxdvIC&dq=pax+kushana&pg=PA317 |title=Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative |date=2011-08-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-539423-8 |language=en|page=317}}</ref>

Kushan empire was located on the meeting points of [[Sassanian Persia]], [[Han China]], and the various [[Classical India|Indian kingdoms]] to the east. According to [[Alain Daniélou]]: "for a time, the Kushana Empire was the centerpoint of the major civilizations".<ref name="A Brief History of India">{{cite book |last1=Daniélou |first1=Alain |title=A Brief History of India |date=2003 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781594777943 |page=111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlwoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT111}}</ref> The peace and prosperity brought by Kushans resuled into new styles of [[Kushan art|art]] and [[Kushan coinage|coinage]], and strengthened the [[Indo-Roman trade]] links.

==See also==
* ''[[Pax Gupta]]'', a period of relative peace in the succeeding [[Gupta Empire]]

==References==
<references />

{{Paxes}}
[[Category:Pax|Kushana, Pax]]
[[Category:Kushan Empire]]

Pax Kushana - Revision history

Marinavan: rework information for accuracy additionally and improved wording

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article