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Merging Category:Squats in India to Category:Squats per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 March 17#Squatting by country

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:Street dwellers in Mumbai.jpeg|thumb|right|Street dwellers in Mumbai]]
'''Pavement dwellers''' refers to [[informal housing]] built on the footpaths/pavements of city streets. The structures use the walls or fences which separate properties from the pavement and street outside. Materials include cloth, corrugated iron, cardboard, wood, plastic, and sometimes also bricks or cement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sparcindia.org/pdf/articles/mumbaielectric.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913020459/http://sparcindia.org/pdf/articles/mumbaielectric.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-09-13|title=Electricity to pavement dwellers in Mumbai|year=1999|author=Sundar Burra & Liz Riley}}</ref>

==Mumbai==
According to [[Sheela Patel]] of the Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers (SPARC), pavement dwellers are primarily first generation migrants who moved to Mumbai as early as the 1940s, and who have lived on the pavement of public roadways ever since.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sparcindia.org/pdf/articles/We%20The%20Invisible.compressed.pdf|title=We, the Invisible: A Census of Pavement Dwellers|date=1985|website=SPARC|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> They are completely invisible as far as local, state, and national policies are concerned.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Patel|first=Sheela|date=1990|title=Street Children, hotel boys and children of pavement dwellers and construction workers in Bombay - how they meet their daily needs|journal=Environment and Urbanization|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=9–26|doi=10.1177/095624789000200203|issn=0956-2478}}</ref> People who sleep on or near pavements often pay to keep their belongings in shops, kiosks, or other buildings.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Spectralities Reader|last=Appadurai|first=Arjun|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4411-3860-6|editor-last=del Pilar Blanco|editor-first=María|chapter=Spectral Housing and Urban Cleansing: Notes on Millennial Mumbai|editor-last2=Peeren|editor-first2=Esther}}</ref>

SPARC conducted a study in 1985 called ''[[We the Invisible]]'' based on a census of about 6,000 households. It showed approximately half of the pavement dwellers to be from the poorest districts in the state of [[Maharashtra]], with the other half from the poorest parts of wider [[India]]. Many came as victims of [[drought]], [[famine]], [[earthquake]]s, [[religious persecution]] or [[riot]]s. Others came as a result of a complete breakdown in their livelihoods where they had been living. Pavement dwellers migrate to Mumbai hoping to capitalize on the wealth and job opportunities that the city offers. They are typically forward-thinking, seeking to build lives in the city that give the next generation better opportunities than would have been possible in the village.<ref>Development Gateway Foundation: Urban Development: [http://topics.developmentgateway.org/urban/sdm/previewDocument.do~activeDocumentId=1001444?activeDocumentId=1001444 Empowering Slum Dwellers: Interview with Sheela Patel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060728174354/http://topics.developmentgateway.org/urban/sdm/previewDocument.do~activeDocumentId=1001444?activeDocumentId=1001444 |date=28 July 2006 }}, 7 September 2004</ref>

===1985 eviction crisis===
In 1985, the [[Supreme Court of India]] granted the [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]] authority to demolish household structures on the sidewalks of Mumbai. With the aid of SPARC, the rights of Mumbai's pavement dwellers were recognised and coexistence was successfully negotiated.<ref>University College London: Department for International Development: Urban Government: Capacity Building: SPARC: [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/drivers_urb_change/urb_governance/pdf_capa_building/SPARC_Mahila%20Milan_learning_to_talk.pdf Demolitions to Dialogue: Mahila Milan - learning to talk to its city and municipality]</ref>

==South Africa==
The [[Symphony Way Pavement Dwellers]] were a group of evicted families who lived on a main road in [[Delft, Cape Town|Delft]], [[South Africa]], from February 2008 till late 2009, until they were evicted by court order to the [[Blikkiesdorp]] resettlement zone.<ref>{{cite news |title=CT to evict pavement dwellers |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/CT-to-evict-pavement-dwellers-20091019 |access-date=24 April 2019 |work=News 24 |date=19 October 2009}}</ref>

==Paris==
Following the eviction of the [[Calais Jungle]] in 2016, African migrants began living on the pavements of [[Paris]]. The encampments would grow over a period of weeks and the police would evict them.<ref name="Nossiter">{{cite news |last1=Nossiter |first1=Adam |title=Paris Is the New Calais, With Scores of Migrants Arriving Daily |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/04/world/europe/paris-migrants-refugees.html |access-date=25 May 2019 |work=New York Times |date=3 November 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Slums in Mumbai}}

[[Category:Homelessness]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Slums in India]]
[[Category:Squats]]
[[Category:Squats in South Africa]]
[[Category:Squats in France]]
[[Category:Squatting in India]]

Pavement dwellers - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Merging :Category:Squats in India to :Category:Squats per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 March 17#Squatting by country