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{{short description|American physician (1859-1944)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pauline Root
| image = MaryPaulineRoot1907.png
| alt = A white woman with dark hair in an updo
| caption = Mary Pauline Root, from the 1907 yearbook of Smith College
| birth_name = Mary Pauline Root
| birth_date = May 22, 1859
| birth_place = Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
| death_date = July 10, 1944
| death_place = Christmas Cove, Maine, U.S.
| other_names =
| occupation = Physician, missionary, educator
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse(s) =
| relatives =
}}

'''Mary Pauline Root''' (May 22, 1859 – July 10, 1944) was an American physician, missionary, and educator. She established a women's hospital in southern India and was resident physician at [[Smith College]].

==Early life and education==
Root was born in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], the daughter of Henry Theodore Root and Mary Evelyn Lake Root.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Who_s_who_in_Pennsylvania/yk8DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA805&printsec=frontcover |title=Who's who in Pennsylvania: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries |date=1909 |page=805|language=en}}</ref> She graduated from [[Ingham University]] and from the [[Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania]] in 1883.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henry |first=Frederick Porteous |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Founders_Week_Memorial_Volume/PkMvAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary+Pauline+Root&pg=PA508&printsec=frontcover |title=Founders' Week Memorial Volume: Containing an Account of the Two Hundred and Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the City of Philadelphia, and Histories of Its Principal Scientific Institutions, Medical Colleges, Hospitals, Etc |date=1909 |publisher=City of Philadelphia|page=508}}</ref> She pursued further medical training at [[Cornell Medical School]] in 1906.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornell University |first= |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ten_year_Book_of_Cornell_University/M-tDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA455&printsec=frontcover |title=The Ten-year Book of Cornell University, 1868-1908 |date=1908 |pages=455 |language=en}}</ref>
==Career==
Root was the first woman to be a resident physician at the Philadelphia's Blockley Hospital,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mills |first=Charles Karsner |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Philadelphia_Almshouse_and_the_Phila/4fzPAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover |title=The Philadelphia Almshouse and the Philadelphia Hospital: From 1854 to 1908 |date=1908 |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1883-04-15 |title=Doctors for Blockley Hospital |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-times-doctors-for-block/181126434/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Philadelphia Times |pages=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> and the first woman physician to become a missionary with the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1885 she went to [[Madurai]] in southern India,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1889 |title=Woman's Work in the Madura Mission |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Life_and_Light_for_Heathen_Women/W9oxAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA242&printsec=frontcover |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=242}}</ref> to establish and run the American Hospital for Women and Children. Her missionary service ended in 1896.<ref name=":0" /> She lectured about her work in India during furloughs,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1892-05-12 |title=Dr. Pauline Root; She lectures This Evening on 'Every Day Life in India' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-enquirer-dr-pauline-root-she-l/181111951/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=Oakland Enquirer |pages=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1896-04-30 |title=Missionary Work in India; Entertaining and Instructive Lecture by Dr. Pauline Root |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-missionary-wor/181112281/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Burlington Free Press |pages=6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> and for years after she left the foreign mission field.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1903-11-09 |title=Tells of Her Work in Far-Off India |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/minneapolis-daily-times-tells-of-her-wor/181111661/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=Minneapolis Daily Times |pages=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1914 |title=Rhode Island |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Trained_Nurse_and_Hospital_Review/iOJ2OY6SiDEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=RA1-PA372&printsec=frontcover |journal=The Trained Nurse and Hospital Review |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=372}}</ref>

Root lectured for the Student Volunteer Missionary Movement in 1902.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1902-11-26 |title=Talked of Work in India; Dr. Pauline Root Listened to at Home of Mrs. Steidel in Crete |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-lincoln-star-talked-of-work-in-india/181125238/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Lincoln Star |pages=5 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She was the resident physician at Smith College from 1906 to 1909, and taught hygiene classes there.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith College |url=http://archive.org/details/class1907smit |title=Class of 1907 Classbook |date=1907 |publisher=Smith College |others=College Archives Smith College Libraries |pages=17 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> She was resident physician at the [[Bennett College (New York)|Bennett School]] in [[Millbrook, New York]], from 1909 to 1910.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Woman_s_Who_s_who_of_America/ZGRIMtCVztEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA701&printsec=frontcover |title=Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-l9l5 |date=1914 |publisher=American Commonwealth Company |pages=701 |language=en}}</ref> During and after [[World War I]] she was a lecturer for the [[YWCA]] and the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]], traveling extensively in the United States to speak on social hygiene.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1919-10-10 |title=Woman Doctor Visits Tomah Indian School; Y.W.C.A. Sends Dr. Pauline Root as Girls' Hygiene Expert |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-la-crosse-tribune-woman-doctor-visit/181112101/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The La Crosse Tribune |pages=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

== Publications ==

* "Letter from Dr. Pauline Root" (1892)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=September 1892 |title=Letter from Dr. Pauline Root |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwome229woma/mode/2up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=9 |pages=410-413 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Japan" (1892)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=January 1892 |title=Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/32/mode/2up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=33-35 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=February 1892 |title=Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/81/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=81-90 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Japan: The Women's Bible Training School in Kobe" (1892)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=April 1892 |title=Japan: The Women's Bible Training School in Kobe |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/155/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=155-158 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "The Kindergarten in Kobe, Japan" (1892)<ref>Root, Pauline. "The Kindergarten in Kobe, Japan." In ''Cassidy & Kaston-Tange: Children and Empire, Vol. I'', pp. 259-264. Routledge, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=October 1892 |title=The Kindergarten at Kobe, Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/459/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=459-463 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Young Women in India—A Letter to Mothers" (1892)<ref>Root, Pauline. "Young Women in India.—A Letter to Mothers." In ''Cassidy & Kaston-Tange: Children and Empire, Vol. II'', pp. 69-70. Routledge, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=October 1892 |title=Young Women in India--A Letter to Mothers |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/479/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=479-482 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "India; Contrasts" (1892)<ref>Root, Pauline. "India. Contrasts." In ''Cassidy & Kaston-Tange: Children and Empire, Vol. I'', pp. 253-258. Routledge, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=December 1892 |title=India: Contrasts |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/553/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=553-557 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Memories of Medical Work" (1895)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=January 1895 |title=Memories of Medical Work |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwome251woma/page/12/mode/2up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=12-15 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Personal life and legacy==
Root died in 1944, in [[Bristol, Maine|Christmas Cove, Maine]], at the age of 85. There is a box of her papers and photographs in the College of Medicine Legacy Center of [[Drexel University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Collection: Mary Pauline Root papers |url=https://archivalcollections.drexel.edu/repositories/5/resources/1929 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Archival Collections, Drexel University}}</ref> Educator and physician [[Mary Pauline Jeffery]] was born to missionary parents in India in 1893, and was named for Root.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oberlin's Women: Mary Pauline Jeffery |url=https://scalar.oberlincollegelibrary.org/suffrage/jeffery |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Oberlin's Women: A Legacy of Leadership & Activism |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1939-03-13 |title=The World of Books; 'Dr. Ida: India'; Romantic Service of Missionary Physician |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-springfield-daily-republican-the-wor/181126212/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Springfield Daily Republican |pages=6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* Caitlin "KT" Abadir-Mullally, [https://drexel.edu/legacy-center/blog/overview/2023/November/Revisiting%20the%20Mary%20Pauline%20Root%20papers/ "Revisiting the Mary Pauline Root papers"] ''The Legacy Center Blog'' (November 29, 2023), a blog post about Root's papers at Drexel.
* Mary E. Schaller Blaufuss, "Goals of the American Madura Mission: A Study of Changing Mission Goals in the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions During the Nineteenth Century" (PhD dissertation, Princeton Theological Seminary 2000).
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Root, Pauline}}
[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Providence, Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Smith College faculty]]
[[Category:American women medical doctors]]
[[Category:American missionaries in India]]

Pauline Root - Revision history

SilasCorrie: Made New Article And Citations