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Adding some biography more to come

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{{Short description|Bengali dish}}

{{Infobox food
| name = Paturi
| image = Ilish Macher Paturi.jpg
| caption = ''Ilish'' (Hilsa) paturi wrapped in banana leaves
| alternate_name =
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[Bengal]]
| national_cuisine = [[Indian Cuisine|Indian]] ([[Bengali Cuisine|Bengali]])
| creator =
| course = Main dish
| served =
| main_ingredient =
| variations = Machher paturi
| calories =
| other =
| type =
}}
'''Paturi''' is a Bengali dish, which comes in both [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] and [[Non-vegetarian food in India|non-vegetarian]] varieties. The leaves of the plant play an important role in the preparation of this dish, as the ingredients are wrapped in the leaves and tied with [[twine]] and cooked on low flame or steamed.

Vegetarian options of paturi include paneer, dal, sandesh etc., while non-vegetarian options include ''machher'' (fish) paturi. Fresh water fish are mainly used to make ''machher'' paturi.

== Etymology ==
The word ''paturi'' is related to the leaves used in cooking, the ingredients of the dish are wrapped in the leaves and cooked.<ref name="eisamay1"/><ref name="news18"/> Banana leaves, bottle gourd leaves or pumpkin leaves are used in cooking this dish.<ref name="news18"/> That is, the foodstuff which is prepared wrapped in leaves can be identified as Paturi.<ref name="eisamay1"/>

== History ==
Paturi is not much mentioned in the diet of Bengalis in ancient and medieval times as compared to the present time. However, a mention of Paturi's preparation can be found in the ''Banshulimangal'', a bengali ''kavya'' (poem), written by poet Mukund Mishra. Paturi is one of the dishes that Rukmini prepared for Swami Dhusdatta, mentioned in this ''Kavya''. In the ''Kavya'', there is a mention of ''macher'' (fish) paturi with mustard.<ref name="eisamay1">{{cite news |title=কাচকির পাতুরির স্বাদ, নিমেষে মন জিতে নেবে আপনার! |url=https://eisamay.com/lifestyle/food/kachki-macher-paturi-recipe-in-bengali/articleshow/107710130.cms |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref>

== Different types of paturi ==
Paturi can be prepared with a wide variety of ingredients, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. However, among non-vegetarian dishes of paturi, fish dishes are more prevalent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paturi to misti doi, US Ambassador enjoys Bengali cuisine in Delhi's Banga Bhawan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/paturi-to-misti-doi-us-ambassador-enjoys-bengali-cuisine-in-delhis-banga-bhawan-watch-2401735-2023-07-04 |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=India Today |date=4 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Different types of paturi are prepared from different fish like ''Bhetki'' paturi, ''Ilish'' paturi, ''Koi'' paturi,<ref name="anandabazar4">{{cite news |title=পাতুরি মানেই কি শুধু ইলিশ? সেই দস্তুর ভেঙে বানাতে পারেন কই মাছ দিয়েও |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/how-to-make-a-bengali-traditional-recipe-koi-paturi-dgtl/cid/1364058 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Anandabazar |publisher=ABP |date=19 August 2022 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=কই মাছের পাতুরি তৈরির রেসিপি |url=https://www.dhakapost.com/lifestyle/132050 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=dhakapost.com |date=31 July 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> ''Rui'' paturi etc. Apart from fish, there are egg dishes too, and even fish egg dishes are made.<ref name="anandabazar6">{{cite news |title=ইলিশ নয়, এ বার ডিম দিয়েই বানিয়ে ফেলুন পাতুরি! জমে যাবে দুপুরের ভোজ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/how-to-make-dim-paturi-recipe-at-home-dgtl/cid/1528425 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Anandabazar |publisher=ABP |date=4 July 2024 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="bengali-indianexpress1">{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Rajit |title=Dimer Paturi: মাছের পাতুরি তো অনেক খেয়েছেন, এবার রাঁধুন মুখরোচক ডিম পাতুরি |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/food-and-recipe/dimer-paturi-recipe-729599/ |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=bengali.indianexpress.com |date=16 February 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="anandabazar1">{{cite news |title=বর্ষায় পাতুরি খেতে মন চাইছে? মাছের ডিম দিয়ে বানাতে পারেন, রইল প্রণালী |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/how-to-make-macher-dimer-paturi-at-home-during-mosoon-dgtl/cid/1532196 |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=ABP |language=bn}}</ref> Paturi is also prepared with prawns, known as ''chingri'' paturi.<ref name="Anandabazar3">{{cite news |title=ভাইফোঁটায় ভাইয়ের পাতে চিংড়ি রাখবেন? চাপড়া চিংড়ির পাতুরি বানিয়ে ফেলুন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/recipe-of-prawn-paturi-dgtl/cid/1377860 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Anandabazar |publisher=ABP |date=18 October 2022 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref>

Paturi has many vegetarian options. Vegetarian ''Dal paturi''s are prepared using [[Legume|pulses]] (edible legume), among which ''[[Lentil|Mushur dal]]'' paturi is notable.<ref name="anandabazar5">{{cite news |title=ভেটকি কিংবা মুরগি নয়, গরম ভাতের সঙ্গে এ বার জমে যাবে মুসুর ডালের পাতুরি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/how-to-make-daler-paturi-dgtl/cid/1451934 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Anandabazar |publisher=ABP |date=12 August 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="sangbadpratidin1">{{cite news |title=অল্প তেলের পদ, চেখে দেখুন মুসুর ডালের পাতুরি |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/lifestyle/try-this-recipe/ |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=Sangbad Pratidin Digital |publisher=Pratidin Prakashani |date=2 August 2018 |language=bn}}</ref> Paturi is also prepared from dairy products, such as ''paneer''—a fresh acid-set cheese common in cuisine of India—and ''[[chhena|chhana]]'', a kind of [[acid-set cheese]]. Paturi prepared using these dairy products are known as ''Paneer'' Paturi and ''Chhanar'' Paturi respectively.<ref name="indulgexpress">{{cite news |last1=Ghosal |first1=Sharmistha |title=Durga Puja 2018 Special: The Westin Kolkata's Chef Vikash Prasad shares the recipe for Paneer Paturi |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/life-style/recipe1/2018/Oct/11/durga-puja-2018-special-the-westin-kolkatas-chef-vikash-prasad-shares-the-recipe-for-paneer-paturi-10603.html |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=Indulgexpress |date=11 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=জিভে-জল আনা নিরামিষ-পাতুরির গপ্পো |url=https://www.bongodorshon.com/home/story_detail/mouth-watering-vegetarian-paneer-paturi |website=Bongodorshon |access-date=14 September 2024 |language=bn |date=2 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="anandabazar2">{{cite news |title=পাতুরি মানেই কি ইলিশ কিংবা ভেটকি? দস্তুর ভেঙে বানিয়ে ফেলুন ছানার পাতুরি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/how-to-make-bengali-veg-dish-chhanar-paturi-dgtl/cid/1351843 |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=ABP |language=bn}}</ref> Paturi is also prepared with [[Sandesh (confectionery)|sandesh]], a famous Bengali [[dessert]] made from milk.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%"
|+ Variations of Paturi<ref name="news18">{{cite news |title=5 Types of Leaves Used in Bengali Paturi Dishes |url=https://www.news18.com/web-stories/lifestyle/5-types-of-leaves-used-in-bengali-paturi-dishes-1924968/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="anandabazar6"/><ref name="bengali-indianexpress1"/><ref name="anandabazar1"/><ref name="anandabazar5"/><ref name="sangbadpratidin1"/><ref name="indulgexpress"/><ref name="anandabazar2"/>{{sfn|Bhartiya et al.|2024|p=85}}
|-
! rowspan="2"|Dish
! rowspan="2"|Photos
! rowspan="2"|Plant leaves<br />(as a wrapper)
! colspan="3"|Ingredients
|-
! Main
! Essential
! Other
|-
! colspan="6"| ''Neeramish'' (vegetarian) paturi
|-
| Dal Paturi || || Gourd leaves || ''Dal'' ([[Legume|pulses]]) || Green chillies, turmeric powder (haldi) and mustard oil|| Onions, garlics, black cumins, coriander powder, tomato, ginger
|-
| Paneer Paturi || ||Banana leaves || [[Paneer]]|| Black mustard seeds, turmeric powder (haldi), mustard oil, green chillies|| Poppy seeds, coconut
|-
| Sandesh Paturi || || Banana leaves || [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sandesh]] || ||
|-
| Chhanar paturi || || Banana leaves|| ''[[Chhena|Chhana]]'' ||Mustard seeds, flour and green chillies || Poppy seeds, sugar
|-
! colspan="6"| ''Amish'' (non-vegetarian) paturi
|-
| Bhetki paturi || || Banana leaves || ''Bhetki'' (Barramundi)|| Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies||Coconut, ''Tok Doi'' ([[yogurt]])
|-
| Ilish paturi ||[[File:Ilish Machher Paturi (Doi Ilish).jpg|80px]] || Banana leaves || [[Ilish]]|| Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies|| Poppy seeds, coconut, ''Tok Doi'' ([[yogurt]])
|-
| Koi paturi || [[File:Koi Fish Paturi.jpg|80px]]||Gourd leaves || ''Koi'' ([[Anabas]]) ||Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies, onions ||Garlic, cumin powder, coconut, coriander powder
|-
| Rui paturi || || Banana leaves || [[Rohu|''Rui'']] || Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies||
|-
| Chingri paturi || || Gourd leaves/Banana leaves || [[Prawn|''Chingri'']] (Prawn)||Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi), green chillies || poppy seeds, coconut, ''Tok Doi'' ([[yogurt]]), sugar, garlic
|-
| Dim paturi || || Banana leaves|| Egg or fish egg || Mustard seeds, mustard oil, turmeric powder (haldi) and green chillies || Poppy seeds, coconut
|}

== Preparation and serving ==
The basic method of making paturi is to wrap the main ingredient in leaves along with spices and cook it on low flame or steam. Some cooking styles may be associated with this basic method of preparing each individual paturi. In some cases, at the time of cooking rice, fish with spices is wrapped in leaves and steamed by the steam generated in [[handi]].{{sfn|Bhartiya et al.|2024|p=85}}<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Rajyasree |title=What ties the Parsi patrani macchi to the Bengali paturi? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/what-ties-parsi-patrani-macchi-to-the-bengali-paturi-do-they-share-armenian-origin-9563759/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 September 2024 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="dhakatribune">{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Michella |title=Paturi's delicious Bengali food hits just the right spot |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/283430/paturi%E2%80%99s-delicious-bengali-food-hits-just-the |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=www.dhakatribune.com |date=13 April 2023}}</ref> Paturi is served with hot rice.<ref name="anandabazar4"/><ref name="indianexpress1"/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="180">
File:Fish Paturi - Tero Parban - Kolkata - FILE 0002.jpg|''Machher'' (Fish) paturi at Tero Parban (a restaurant) in [[Kolkata]]
File:Ilish macher paturi.jpg|Ilish macher paturi
File:Homemade dal and rice meal with Bhetki paturi and salad.jpg|Homemade ''dal'' and rice meal with ''Bhetki'' paturi and salad
File:Bhetki paturi.JPG|''Bhetki'' paturi in banana leaf
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Bhartiya |editor1-first=Shivam |editor2-last=Bhatt |editor2-first=Vaibhav |editor3-last=Ruiz |editor3-first=Andrea Edurne Jimenez |title=Gastronomic Sustainability Solutions for Community and Tourism Resilience |date=15 April 2024 |publisher=IGI Global |isbn=979-8-3693-4136-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzYDEQAAQBAJ&dq=%22paturi+%28bengali+dish%29%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA85 |access-date=14 September 2024 |ref= {{harvid|Bhartiya et al.|2024}}}}

{{Indian dishes}}

[[Category:Food and drink in India]]

Paturi (Bengali dish) - Revision history

YushHush: Adding some biography more to come