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	He later became a disciple of Pattinatthar (Swetharanyar is poorvashram name of this saint from Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu) who first indulged in an argument about samsari and sanyasi with king Bhartrhari. Later during the conversation Pattinathar said that all women have 'dual mind' and it might be the true case even with Parameswari. King conveyed this news to rani Pingalah and she ordered Pattinathar to get punished and to sit in 'kalu maram' (Tree, whose top portion would be sharpened like a pencil and whole tree is fully coated with oil, a person who is punished to sit in the top will be split into 2 pieces), they tried to kill Pattinathar, but kalu maram started burning and nothing happened to Pattinathar, the king came to know this news and went directly to Pattinathar and asked him to get ready to die the next day, but Pattinathar replied, " I'm ready right now, to die". The next day king came with tears in his eyes and released saint from jail because he actually noticed queen pingalah in love with horsemen that night, He threw away his empire, wealth, even full coat dress and dressed in a simple kovanam (loin cloth), the king became a disciple of Pattinatthar and got mukthi (salvation) in [[Tiruvottiyur]] temple.		He later became a disciple of Pattinatthar (Swetharanyar is poorvashram name of this saint from Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu) who first indulged in an argument about samsari and sanyasi with king Bhartrhari. Later during the conversation Pattinathar said that all women have 'dual mind' and it might be the true case even with Parameswari. King conveyed this news to rani Pingalah and she ordered Pattinathar to get punished and to sit in 'kalu maram' (Tree, whose top portion would be sharpened like a pencil and whole tree is fully coated with oil, a person who is punished to sit in the top will be split into 2 pieces), they tried to kill Pattinathar, but kalu maram started burning and nothing happened to Pattinathar, the king came to know this news and went directly to Pattinathar and asked him to get ready to die the next day, but Pattinathar replied, " I'm ready right now, to die". The next day king came with tears in his eyes and released saint from jail because he actually noticed queen pingalah in love with horsemen that night, He threw away his empire, wealth, even full coat dress and dressed in a simple kovanam (loin cloth), the king became a disciple of Pattinatthar and got mukthi (salvation) in [[Tiruvottiyur]] temple.

	His Disciple Bharthari, or Bhadhragiri (as he is called in popular Tamil folk culture) wrote a collection of Tamil poetic verses called Meignana Pulambal<ref>https://mio.to/album/Veeramani+Kannan/Bhadragiriyar+Meignana+Pulambal+%282009%29</ref>		His Disciple Bharthari, or Bhadhragiri (as he is called in popular Tamil folk culture) wrote a collection of Tamil poetic verses called Meignana Pulambal<ref>https://mio.to/album/Veeramani+Kannan/Bhadragiriyar+Meignana+Pulambal+%282009%29 {{Dead link\|date=February 2022}}</ref>

	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==

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'''Pattinathar''' ({{Lang-ta|பட்டினத்தார்|translit=Paṭṭiṉattār}}) is a name identified with two different [[Tamils|Tamil]] individuals, one of 10th century AD and another of 14th century AD.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|last=Lal|first=Mohan|date=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126012213|pages=4093|language=en}}</ref>

== 10th century Pattinathar ==
The 10th century AD Pattinathar was a poet whose five works are included in the sacred [[Shaivism|Shaivite]] canon. [[Tirumurai]].<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Pattinathar and Bhathiragiriyar.jpg|thumb|Statues of 14th century Pattinathar and his contemporary Pattirakiriyar, at a temple in [[Rameswaram]], [[Tamil Nadu]].]]

== 14th century Pattinathar ==
He was born in the port-town [[Kaveripoompattinam]] to a wealthy mercantile family, who himself was a merchant before giving up his [[Materialism|materialistic]] way of life.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian Literature|date=2000|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|volume=44|pages=159|language=en}}</ref> He became the [[guru]] and contemporary of another [[Asceticism|ascetic]] philosopher, ''Pattirakiriyar''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tamil social history|last=Subrahmanian|first=N.|last2=Hikosaka|first2=Shu|last3=Samuel|first3=G. John|last4=Thiagarajan|first4=P.|date=1998|publisher=Institute of Asian Studies|pages=283|language=en}}</ref> Pattirakiriyar was a king of [[Kongu Nadu]] before becoming a religious mendicant under Pattinathar.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Oriental Studies|last=Kamil Zvelebil|author-link=Kamil Zvelebil|date=1975|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004041905|pages=242|language=en}}</ref>

== Search for divinity ==
The divine child grew up and followed in his father's footsteps. Once the father sent him on a ship with a good lot of merchandise and when he came he just brought back sacks full of paddy husks. The father was angry and locked him up in a room and after going to the harbor, threw the husks out. He was surprised to see they were all gold; every dried piece of the husk turned out to be gold dust and also had precious gems in the sack. He hurried home to see his son. He was not in the locked room. His wife gave him a small box the son had given before he disappeared. In it was a [[palm-leaf manuscript]] and a [[Sewing needle|needle]] without an [[eyelet]]. On the script were the following words (in English for understanding):

"Not even an eyeless needle will accompany you in the final journey of life."[[File:Pattinathar.jpg|thumb|Artistic impression of Pattinathar]]

Pattinathar (Thiruvengadar) realized the philosophy and wisdom of the words, and renounced everything – his wife, his wealth, his kith and kin and all other mundane attachments. With only a loin cloth he left.<ref>{{cite news|title=Power of detachment |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/14/stories/2009051459221500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519125738/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/14/stories/2009051459221500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |location=India}}</ref> He sang many philosophical songs to enlighten people on the blissful state of renunciation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trials undergone by Pattinathar|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/26/stories/2002122601670900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040316174732/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/26/stories/2002122601670900.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 March 2004|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 December 2002|location=India}}</ref> He sang about the human life and its complex dimensions, made his lyrics more appealing to the common man.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tradition vs modernity dilemma in Tamil literature|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/article485096.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 June 2010|location=Coimbatore, India}}</ref> He urged repeatedly not to be attached to the body and its pleasures, for the body perishes and becomes food for animals and worms. Think of God and surrender at God's feet.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Perishable body|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/07/stories/2010060756661600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109021618/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/07/stories/2010060756661600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2012|date=7 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

Pattinatthar worshiped Shiva at the [[Srikalahasti]] temple, which has inspired great poetic and musical works.<ref>{{cite news|title=The tale of Kalahasti|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/04/stories/2010060450420200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105112215/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/04/stories/2010060450420200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2011|date=4 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India}}</ref> The samadhi [attained salvation in this place] of Pattinatthar is a historic landmark located on the Ennore Expressway in [[Tiruvottiyur]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Immaculate inside, filthy outside|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/28/stories/2007052813610500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207181632/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/28/stories/2007052813610500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2007|date=28 May 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> It is believed to be around 500 years<ref>{{cite news|title=Pattinathar temple|url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=53|accessdate=31 January 2012|newspaper=Dinamalar|location=India}}</ref> to 1100 years old.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pattinathar temple kumbmela in Daily thanthi 22/1/2015.Title}}.</ref>

Inside the Nandrudayaan Vinayagar temple in Devadhanam, [[Tiruchirappalli]], an idol for Pattinatthar is found.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vinayaka in unique form|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/10/stories/2003101001411200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031026103439/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/10/stories/2003101001411200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2003 |date=10 October 2003|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India}}</ref>

==Folklore of Bharthari and Pattinathar==
[[File:Pattinathar 2.jpg|thumb|Artistic depiction of Pattinatthaar]]
[[Bharthari (king)|Bharthari]] was the elder son of King Gandharva-Sena, and received the kingdom of [[Ujjain]] from the celestial god [[Indra]] and the King of Dhara.<ref name=intro>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/goth/vav/vav03.htm Introduction] [[Baital Pachisi|Vikram and The Vampire]] by [[Richard Francis Burton]], 1870.</ref><ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/goth/vav/vav17.htm Footnote 13] [[Baital Pachisi|Vikram and The Vampire]] by [[Richard Francis Burton]], 1870.</ref>

When Bharthari was king of 'Ujjayani' (modern day [[Ujjain]]) in his state there lived a [[Brahman]] who after years of austerities was given the fruit of immortality from the celestial tree of [[Kalpavriksha]]. The Brahman presented the same to his monarch, Raja Bharthari, who in turn, passed it on to his love, the beautiful, ''Pinglah Rani'' or Ananga Sena (as per Maha Kavi Kalidas), Raja Bhartrhari's last and youngest wife. The queen, being in love with the Head police officer of the state, ''Mahipaala'', presented the fruit to him, who further passed it on to his beloved, ''Lakha'', one of the [[Maids of Honour|maids of honour]]. Eventually, ''Lakha'' being in love with the king presented the fruit back to the king. Having completed the circle, the fruit revealed the downsides of infidelity to the king, he summoned the queen and ordered her beheading, and ate the fruit himself. After that he [[Abdication|abdicated]] the throne, to his younger brother [[Vikramaditya]], and became a religious mendicant.<ref name=intro/><ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/skh/tsr1/tsr117.htm The Sikh Religion, Volume 1] [[Max Arthur Macauliffe]] [1842-1913], [[Oxford University Press]] [1909]. Chapter XIV.</ref>

He later became a disciple of Pattinatthar (Swetharanyar is poorvashram name of this saint from Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu) who first indulged in an argument about samsari and sanyasi with king Bhartrhari. Later during the conversation Pattinathar said that all women have 'dual mind' and it might be the true case even with Parameswari. King conveyed this news to rani Pingalah and she ordered Pattinathar to get punished and to sit in 'kalu maram' (Tree, whose top portion would be sharpened like a pencil and whole tree is fully coated with oil, a person who is punished to sit in the top will be split into 2 pieces), they tried to kill Pattinathar, but kalu maram started burning and nothing happened to Pattinathar, the king came to know this news and went directly to Pattinathar and asked him to get ready to die the next day, but Pattinathar replied, " I'm ready right now, to die". The next day king came with tears in his eyes and released saint from jail because he actually noticed queen pingalah in love with horsemen that night, He threw away his empire, wealth, even full coat dress and dressed in a simple kovanam (loin cloth), the king became a disciple of Pattinatthar and got mukthi (salvation) in [[Tiruvottiyur]] temple.

His Disciple Bharthari, or Bhadhragiri (as he is called in popular Tamil folk culture) wrote a collection of Tamil poetic verses called Meignana Pulambal<ref>https://mio.to/album/Veeramani+Kannan/Bhadragiriyar+Meignana+Pulambal+%282009%29</ref>

==In popular culture==
In 1935, Saint Pattinathar film was released, starring C. S. Sundaramurthy Odhuvaar in the title role. In 1962, a later day version came out with [[T. M. Soundararajan]] as the Saint Pattinatthar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pattinathaar 1936 |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/10/17/stories/2008101750421600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221090049/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/10/17/stories/2008101750421600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2009|date=17 October 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |location=India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[http://www.shaivam.org/tamil/sta_pattinattar_2.htm Poems of Saint Pattinathar (பட்டினத்தார் பாடல்கள்) - Shaivam Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524163030/http://www.shaivam.org/tamil/sta_pattinattar_2.htm |date=24 May 2013 }}
*[http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/nayanmar_view.php?nayan_idField=25 Biography of Saint Pattinathar (பட்டினத்தார் வரலாறு) - Thevaraam Website]
* [[Shaivism]]
* [[Nayanars]]

[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian people]]

Pattinathar - Revision history

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