->Reidgreg: Adding local short description: "Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India", overriding Wikidata description "Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh" (Shortdesc helper)

2021-10-06T13:03:35Z

Adding local short description: "Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India", overriding Wikidata description "Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh" (Shortdesc helper)

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{{Distinguish|Patani language|Pattani Malay}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Pattani
| region = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| ethnicity = 20,000 (2002<ref name=e18>{{Ethnologue18|lae}}</ref>
| speakers = 16,510
| date = 2011
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref>
| speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 5,000 (1997)<ref name=e18/>
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]]
| fam3 = [[West Himalayish languages|West Himalayish]]
| fam4 = Lahaulic
| iso3 = lae
| glotto = patt1248
| glottorefname = Pattani
| nativename = Hendubhashe
}}

'''Pattani''', also known as '''Manchad''', is an endangered [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] language spoken in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

== Names ==
The language has a variety of names, the most prominent being Manchati, Manchad kad, Patani, Mellog kad, Chamba Lahuli, Swangla, Songloboli or Changsapa Boli. Its native name is ''Hendubhashe''. The Indian census erroneously includes the language as a dialect of [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].

==Distribution==
Pattani is spoken in the Lahul Valley, Pattan, Chamba-Lahul, and lower Mayar valleys. There are also some speakers in [[Kullu]] and [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] cities, and in [[Kishtwar district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

==General information==
There are about 10,000 people in the western Himalayas who speak the Pattani Language. Pattani Language has several names. One of them is Manchad, which was given by the Tod valley people who live in the area where Manchad was originated. The religious belief of Manchad speakers is either Hinduism or Buddhism. Almost all of them can speak English or Hindi, and Manchad is being increasingly restricted to home use only. Because there is no written tradition in Manchad, the article resources and stories of Manchad are usually recorded in Hindi or Tibetan orthography.<ref name=":0" />

==Grammar==
1. The three-way contrast in number: singular, dual and plural.

2. Gender is not grammatical and is lexically based.

3. The verbal agreement system: person-number elements are indicated in verbs.

4. The sentence structure: simple, compound and complex sentences.

5. Pattani Language has complex pronominalisation and a complex verbal system.<ref name=":0">{{citation
|title=A Manchad grammar
|last=Sharma
|first=S. R.
|journal=IIAS Newsletter
|volume=42
|pages=30
|date=2006
|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/12775
|access-date=12 May 2016
}}</ref>

==Syntax==
Pattani word order is [[subject–object–verb]] (SOV)<ref>{{citation
|title=Word order in Tibeto-Burman languages
|last=Dryer
|first=M. S.
|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
|volume=31
|issue=1
|pages=1
|date=2008
|url=http://linguistics.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/dryer/dryer/DryerTibetoBurmanWordOrder.pdf
|access-date=12 May 2016
}}</ref>

==Dialects==
''Ethnologue'' lists three Pattani dialects.
*Chamba-Lahuli (Western Pattani)
*Eastern Pattani
*Central Pattani

There are 3 caste dialects, namely Pandit-Rajput, Harijan, and Lohar. The lower castes can understand Pandit-Rajput, but not vice versa.

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Nishi 西
| first = Yoshio 義郎
| author-link = Yoshio Nishi
| editor1-first = 孝 Takashi
| editor1-last = 亀井 Kamei
| editor2-first = 六郎 Rokurō
| editor2-last = 河野 Kōno
| editor3-first = 栄一 Eichi
| editor3-last = 千野 Chino
| encyclopedia = 三省堂言語学大辞典 The Sanseido Encyclopaedia of Linguistics
| title = マンチャト語
| trans-title = Manchad, Manchaṭi, (''LSI'') Manchāṭī
| language = Japanese
| year = 1992g
| publisher = 三省堂 Sanseido Press
| volume = 4
| location = Tokyo
| isbn = 4385152128
| pages = 211a–216b
}}

{{st-lang-stub}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Bodic languages}}

[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:West Himalayish languages]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]

Pattani language - Revision history

->Reidgreg: Adding local short description: "Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India", overriding Wikidata description "Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh" (Shortdesc helper)

imported>LilHelpa: copy edit