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{{Short description|Traditional art work of West Bengal and Odisha, India.}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = '''Pattachitra or'''
'''Patachitra'''
|image= {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Patta Chitra 03.jpg
| photo2b = Extrait de Chandi Mangal de Hazra Chitrakar (Naya Bengale) (1439702942).jpg
| position = centre
| size = 250
| foot_montage = [[Odisha]] Pattachitra (top) depicting [[Radha Krishna]] and [[West Bengal]] Patachitra (bottom) depicting [[Durga]].
}}
| alt =
| alternative names = [[Bengali language|BN]]: পটচিত্র
[[Odia language|OD]]: ପଟ୍ଟଚିତ୍ର <br/>

| description =Patachitra (or Pattachitra in Odisha) is an old traditional art of [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]]
| area = * [[Raghurajpur]], [[Puri]], Danda Sahi, [[Parlakhemundi]], [[Chikiti]], [[Digapahandi]], [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]], [[Dharakote]] (Odisha)<ref name="odisha.gov.in">http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/November/engpdf/46-48.pdf</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |title=Orissa Pattachitra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/orissa-pattachitra/article14422369.ece |access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref><br/>
* [[Birbhum]], [[West Midnapore]], Nayagram of [[Pingla]] block in [[Jhargram]], [[Bardhaman]], [[Murshidabad]] district and [[Kalighat]] region (West Bengal)<ref>Bose, Nirmal Kumar. 1953. ''Folk religion of Bengal, part I number I (A study of the Vrata rites).''C. Kar, Benoy Bose Road, Calcutta, India</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mediaindia.eu/art-culture/patachitra-ancient-scroll-painting-of-bengal/|title=Patachitra: Ancient scroll painting of Bengal|date=2017-04-26|work=Media India Group|access-date=2018-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| registered =*[[Odisha]] Pattachitra: 10 July 2008
*[[West Bengal|Bengal]] Patachitra: 28 March 2018
| material = Cloth, Paper, Color, Theme
| official website ={{URL|http://www.ipindia.nic.in/registered-gls.htm|ipindiaservices.gov.in}}}}

'''Patachitra or Pattachitra''' is a general term for traditional, cloth-based [[scroll]] painting,<ref>SenGupta, pp. 13.</ref> based in the eastern Indian [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Odisha]]<ref>http://www.daricha.org/sub_genre.aspx?ID=39&Name=Patachitra</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Patta Chitra|url=http://www.paramparaproject.org/traditions_pata-chitra.html}}</ref> and [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rahaman|first1=Md Motiur|last2=Hom Choudhury|first2=Mahuya|last3=Sengupta|first3=Sangita|date=2016-02-29|title=VALIDATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (G.I) REGISTRATION OF PATACHITRA OF WEST BENGAL- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320172069}}</ref> Patachitra artform is known for its intricate details as well as mythological narratives and folktales inscribed in it. Pattachitra is one of the ancient artworks of [[Odisha]], originally created for ritual use and as souvenirs for pilgrims to [[Puri]], as well as other temples in Odisha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gadon|first=Elinor W.|date=February 2000|title=Indian Art Worlds in Contention: Local, Regional and National Discourses on Orissan Patta Paintings. By Helle Bundgaard. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, No. 80. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999. 247 pp. $45.00 (cloth).|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/indian-art-worlds-in-contention-local-regional-and-national-discourses-on-orissan-patta-paintings-by-helle-bundgaard-nordic-institute-of-asian-studies-monograph-series-no-80-richmond-surrey-curzon-1999-247-pp-4500-cloth/F46E8FB8E5D42BF037AA4A8178BDFB75|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|language=en|volume=59|issue=1|pages=192–194|doi=10.2307/2658630|jstor=2658630|s2cid=201436927|issn=1752-0401}}</ref> Patachitras are a component of an ancient [[Bengalis|Bengali]] narrative art, originally serving as a visual device during the performance of a song.<ref name="chitrolekha.com">{{Cite news|url=http://chitrolekha.com/myths-and-folktales-patachitra/|title=Myths and Folktales in the Patachitra Art of Bengal: Tradition and Modernity - The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design|date=2015-08-02|work=The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design|access-date=2018-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Etymology==
In the [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]], ''paṭṭa'' means "cloth" and ''citra'' means "picture". Most of these paintings depict stories of Hindu deities.<ref>SenGupta, pp. 12.</ref>

== Odisha Pattachitra ==
Pattachitra is a traditional painting of [[Odisha]], India.<ref name="odisha.gov.in">http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/November/engpdf/46-48.pdf</ref> These paintings are based on [[Hindu mythology]] and specially inspired by [[Jagannath]] and [[Vaishnava]] sect.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patta Chitra|url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&vchplinkid=PL060&vchslinkid=SL036}}</ref> All colours used in the Paintings are natural and paintings are made fully old traditional way by Chitrakaras that is Odiya Painter. Pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of [[Odisha]]. The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words ''patta'', meaning canvas, and ''chitra'', meaning picture. Pattachitra is thus a painting done on canvas, and is manifested by rich colourful application, creative motifs, and designs, and portrayal of simple themes, mostly mythological in depiction.<ref>http://india.gov.in/knowindia/pattachitra.php</ref> The traditions of ''pattachitra'' paintings are more than thousand years old.<ref>http://craftorissa.com/b2c/product_info.php?products_id=112{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=106|title=Pattachitra Painting|publisher=archive.india.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Origin and History ===
The paintings of [[Odisha]] can be divided into three categories from the point of view of medium, i.e. paintings on cloth or 'Patta Chitra', paintings on walls or 'Bhitti Chitra' and palm leaf engravings or "Tala Patra Chitra' or "Pothi, Chitra'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unnatisilks.com/patachitra-introduction-indian-crafts.html|title=Crafts of India -Patachitra - Introduction|website=Unnati Silks}}</ref> The style of all these remains more or less the same at a specific time because the then artists were commissioned to work in all these media, it is believed.{{According to whom|date=July 2020}}{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

The painting the 'pattachitra' resemble the old murals of [[Odisha]] especially religious centres of [[Puri]], [[Konark]] and [[Bhubaneshwar]] region, dating back to the 5th century BC. The best work is found in and around [[Puri]], especially in the village of [[Raghurajpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paramparik-karigar.org/bystates/pattachitra.html |title=Pattachitra Arts - Orissa {{!}} Handmade Crafts directly from Craftsmen |access-date=2010-02-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227115716/http://www.paramparik-karigar.org/bystates/pattachitra.html |archive-date=2011-02-27 }}</ref>

This old tradition of Odia painting still survives in the places like Puri, [[Raghurajpur]], [[Paralakhemundi]], Chikiti and [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]]. Lord [[Jagannath]] in the present from is being taken as the origin of the Patta style. The colour schemes of the deities of Puri are quite similar to those of the Patta style. The oldest record of Patta Paintings does not probably go beyond the establishment of the present shrine of Shri Jagannath at Puri. It may be due to the fact that paintings do not survive like sculptures. The paints inside the shrines of Lord Jagannath at Puri make the date probable. The oldest classical marble paintings of Sitabanji at [[Keonjhar]] do not conform to the present style of Patta painting wholly. The wooden statues of the three deities are also covered with cloth and then overlaid with glue mixed with chalk, and then given paint only with four limited colours of [[red]], [[yellow]], [[white]] and [[black]]. The deities who are held in high esteem by the [[Odias]] and who inspire religion, life and activity of the people also carry with them a tradition of art and painting which is as old as the deities themselves. If the Savara origin of [[Jagannath]] is accepted, the date of the Patta paintings can be dated back to an earlier period. These paintings were originally substitutes for worship on days when the temple doors were shut for the 'ritual bath' of the deity.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Patta Chitra 02.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|Pattachitra are based on [[Hindu Mythology]]. Depicted here is a parade of the god [[Ganesha]].]]

=== Theme and Style ===
The theme of Odia painting centres round the [[Jagannath]] and the [[Vaishnava]] sect. Since beginning of Pattachitra culture, Lord [[Jagannath]] who was an incarnation of Lord [[Krishna]] has been the major source of inspiration. The subject matter of Patta Chitra is mostly mythological, religious stories and [[folk lore]]. Themes are chiefly on Lord Jagannath and [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]], different "Vesas" of Shri Jagannath, [[Balabhadra]] and [[Subhadra]], temple activities, the ten incarnations of [[Vishnu]] basing on the '[[Gita Govinda]]' of [[Jayadeva|Jayadev]], Kama Kujara [[Navagunjara]], [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianart.in/indian-art-journey/patta-chitra-paintings.html|title=Indian Art » Blog Archive » Patta Chitra Paintings|publisher=indianart.in}}</ref> The individual paintings of gods and goddesses are also being painted.

The Pattachitra style are mix of both folk and classical elements but leanings more towards folk forms. The dress style has [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] influences. All of the poses have been confined to a few well-defined postures. These are not free from monotonous repetitions, though at times this is necessary to accentuate the narrative character of the style. The lines are bold and clean and angular and sharp. Generally, there are no landscapes, perspectives, and distant views. All the incidents are seen in close juxtaposition. The background on which the figures are represented, is delineated with decorations of flowers and foliages and is mostly painted in red colour. All the paintings are given decorative borders. The whole painting is conceived in the form of a design on a given canvas.

The themes may be classified into following categories<ref>[http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html categories of Pattachitra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |date=2010-07-29 }}</ref>
* Jagannath paintings
* Vaishnav Paintings
a)Bhagabat paintings
b)Ramayana paintings
* Saiva paintings
* Shakta paintings
* Paintings as legends
* Ragachitras
* Bandhachitra
* Yamapati and yatripatas – (sketches of puri temple) [[Ganjapa]] playing card paintings and other socials themes on paintings.
* Navagunjara<ref>https://www.devotionalstore.com/blogs/devotional-blog/traditional-arts-of-odisha-pattachitra-painting</ref>

=== Technique ===
[[File:Patta Chitra 01.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|Pattachitra were inspired by [[Jagannath]] [[culture]] in Odisha]]
Traditionally the painters are known as ''chitrakars''. A patta painter's home with all the members of family is his studio. Woman members prepare the glue, the canvas and apply colours what we call the fill-in, and give the final lacquer coating. The master hand, mostly the male member, draws the initial line and gives the final finishing.
Patta paintings are done on small strips of [[cotton]] cloth. The [[canvas]] is prepared by coating the clothing with a mixture of chalk and gum made from [[tamarind]] seeds. Then it is rubbed by taking the help of two different stones and then the cloth is dried. The mixture of gum and [[chalk]] gives the cloth's surface a leathery finish on which the artists paint with vegetable, earth and stone colours.<ref>[http://www.mumbaipluses.com/thaneplus/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=201001302010020115560358832bd438&sectxslt=&comments=true&pageno=1 The meticulous process of Pattachitra paintings]</ref>

The painters do not use pencil or [[charcoal]] for the preliminary drawings. They are so expert in the line that they simply draw directly with the brush either in light red or yellow. Then the colours are filled in. The final lines are drawn and the patta is given a lacquer coating to protect it from weather, thus making the painting glossy. This process of glazing or [[varnishing]] is quite interesting. The painting is held over a fireplace so that the back of the painting is exposed to heat. On the surface of the painting fine lacquer is applied.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

=== Colour ===
In the 16th century, with the emergence of [[Bhakti movement]] the paintings of Radha and Krishna were painted in vibrant shades of orange, red and yellow. There are typical scenes and figures like Krishna, Gopis, elephants, trees and other creatures are seen in these paintings. Krishna is always painted in blue and Gopis in light pink, purple or brown colours.<ref>[http://www.mumbaipluses.com/thaneplus/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=201001302010020115560358832bd438&sectxslt=&comments=true&pageno=1 Radha, Krishna and Gopis in Pattachitra]</ref>

The painters use vegetable and mineral colours without going for factory-made poster colours. They prepare their own colours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |title=How to do Pattachitra |access-date=2010-03-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |archive-date=2010-07-29 }}</ref> White colour is made from the [[conch]]-shells by powdering, [[boiling]] and [[filter (chemistry)|filtering]] in a very hazardous process. It requires a lot of patience. But this process gives brilliance and premanence to the [[hue]]. 'Hingula', a mineral colour, is used for red. 'Haritala', king of stone ingredients for yellow, 'Ramaraja' a sort of indigo for blue are being used. Pure [[Oil lamp|lamp]]-[[black]] or black prepared from the burning of [[coconut]] shells are used.<ref>[http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html natural colours used in Pattachitra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |date=2010-07-29 }}</ref> There was no blue either cobalt or ultramarine in the earlier colour schemes. The colours used in the Patta paintings are primarily bright colours, limited to red, yellow, indigo, black and white. The brushes that are used by these 'Chitrakaras' are also indigenous and are made of hair of domestic animals. A bunch of hair tied to the end of a [[bamboo]] stick make the brush.<ref>[http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html colour brushes used in Pattachitra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729235958/http://www.rabindraart.com/how-to-do-pattachitra.html |date=2010-07-29 }}</ref>

=== Palm leaf Pattachitra ===
Palm leaf ''pattachitra'' which is in Oriya language known as ''Tala Pattachitra'' drawn on palm leaf. First of all palm leaves are left for becoming hard after being taken from the tree. Then these are sewn together to form like a canvas. The images are traced by using black or white ink to fill grooves etched on rows of equal-sized panels of palm leaf that are sewn together. These panels can also be easily folded like a fan and packed in a compact pile for better conservation. Often palm-leaf illustrations are more elaborated, obtaining by superimposing layers that are glued together for most of the surface, but in some areas can open like small windows to reveal a second image under the first layer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jagannatha.net/painting.html |title=Patta paintings |access-date=2010-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106124430/http://www.jagannatha.net/painting.html |archive-date=2009-01-06 }} Palm leaf pattachitra</ref>

==Bengal Patachitra==
<gallery mode="packed" caption="The Bengal Patachitra" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="180">
Extrait de Chandi Mangal de Meena Chitrakar (Naya Bengale) (1439706046).jpg|Patachitra of Naya village
Extrait de Ramayana de Hazra Chitrakar (Naya Bengale) (1438842569).jpg|Patachitra of Naya village
Medinipur Patachitra - durga.jpg|Goddess Durga and her family in Medinipur Patachitra
Manasa, the Snake Goddess (6124609239).jpg|Manasa in Kalighat Patachitra
</gallery>
The Bengal Patachitra refers to the painting of [[West Bengal]]. It is a traditional and mythological heritage of [[West Bengal]]. The Bengal Patachitra is divided into some different aspects like ''Durga Pat'', ''[[Chalchitra]]'', ''Tribal Patachitra'', ''Medinipur Patachitra'', and ''[[Kalighat painting|Kalighat Patachitra]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|title=পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|first=দেবাশিস|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=2018-05-11|language=bn}}</ref> The subject matter of Bengal Patachitra is mostly mythological, religious stories, folk lore and social. The Kalighat Patachitra, the last tradition of Bengal Patachitra is developed by [[Jamini Roy]]. The artist of the Bengal Patachitra is called [[Patua]].<ref name="Giusti, M 2014">Giusti, M. and Chakraborty, U. (ed.). ''Immagini Storie Parole. Dialoghi di formazione coi dipinti cantati delle donne Chitrakar del West Bengal''. Mantova: Universitas Studiorum, 2014, {{ISBN|978-88-97683-39-1}}</ref>

Patachitra of Naya village in [[West Bengal]] is now collected in [[National Museum of Ethnology (Portugal)|National Museum of Ethnology]] (henceforth MNE) in [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ponte|first=Inês|date=2015-05-13|title=Cosmopolitan impressions from a contemporary Bengali patachitra painting museum collection in Portugal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/ateliers/9771|journal=Ateliers d'Anthropologie|language=en|issue=41|doi=10.4000/ateliers.9771|issn=1245-1436|doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Origin and History===
[[File:Bengal Patachitra 1.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|Bengal Patachitra, inspired by the Aboriginal life and culture in [[West Bengal]]]]
[[File:Pattachitra - Archaeological Activities Exhibition - Directorate of Archaeology & Museums - West Bengal - Kolkata 2014-09-14 7907.JPG|thumb|Archaeological activities exhibition of [[West Bengal|Bengal]] Patachitra]]
Patachitra is known for its excellent play of colour. It is a traditional folk art form of rural Bengal. There are some controversial opinions about the dates of ancient Patas. But it has been suggested on the basis of historical themes connected with the accompanied songs like [[Patua Sangeet]]. It dates back to the Pre- Pala period which is still tucked away with small villages of [[Midnapore]], [[Bankura]], [[Purulia]], [[Howrah]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[24 Parganas]]. <ref>Roy Niranjan (1973), The Patas and Patuas of Bengal. Indian Publications Calcutta, Page number 54-55 (Annexure C,V)</ref>

In his book '''Folk Art of Bengal''', author ''Ajitcoomar Mookerjee'' has mentioned that there are some Jadu-Patuas painting of mural style in the temples of [[Bankura district|Bankura District]].<ref>Mookerjee Ajitcoomar (1939), Folk Art of Bengal. university of calcutta, Page number 18-19 (Annexure C.Vll)</ref>

===Theme and Style===
[[File:Swarna Chitrakar - Kolkata 2014-02-14 3080.JPG|left|thumb|Performing the Patua Sangeet by a [[Patua]] during an international conference in [[Kolkata]]]]
There are many types of Pots like religious, secular. Religious pots encompass the story of Hindu epics like, mythology, Ramayana, Mahabharata narrating stories of Hindu gods and goddesses like [[Radha Krishna]], [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]], [[Kali]], Shiba and the indigenous Bengali folklore of Manasha and Chandi, Behula and Lakshinder being the most popular. Secular pots depicts important news events, scandals accidents etc. such as bus accidents at Narayangarh, rural elections, the rationing system, family planning, evils of the dowry system etc. Every Patachitra has a song related to it, which the artists sing while unfurling the Patachitra. Singing pot in Bengal is called [[Patua Sangeet]]. Patua Sangeet or Poter Gan is a cultural tradition of the singing Bengal Patachitra. It is performed by [[Patua]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bangiyo Loko-Sangeet Ratnakosh|last=Sri Ashutosh Bhattacharya|publisher=Paschimbanga Loko Sanskriti Gobeshona Kendra|location=Kolkata|pages=1041}}</ref> It is famous in the village part of [[West Bengal]] like [[Birbhum]], [[Jhargram]], [[Bardhaman]] and [[Murshidabad]] as a folk song of [[West Bengal]].<ref name="chitrolekha.com"/>

===Aspects of painting===
Bengal Patachitra painting has a different type of motive and aspects that unrolled the Bengali culture. Using the mythological epic and the natural color it is one of the individual characteristics of the Bengal Patachitra.

====Chalchitra====
[[File:Chalchitra Kumartuli, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|[[Chalchitra]], a part of Bengal Patachitra, referred to the background Patachitra of the [[Durga]] Pratima]]
[[Chalchitra]] is a part of ''Bengal Patachitra'', It referred to the ''Debi Chal'' or ''Durga chala'', the background of the [[Durga]] Pratima or idol.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Paschimbanger lokoshilpa o lokosamaj|last=tarapada santra|publisher=Kolkata: lokosanskriti o adibasi sanskriti kendra|year=2000|location=Kolkata|pages=12}}</ref> [[Patua]], the artists of Chalchitra called it as '''Pata Lekha''', means the writing of Patachitra.<ref name="Giusti, M 2014"/> 300–400 years old idols of [[Shakta Rash|Nabadwip Shakta Rash]] used Chalchitra as a part of Pratima. At a time, the use of Chalchitra became fade, but now it has a great popularity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/portrait-art-s-demand-at-nabadwip-1.700221|title=পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|first=দেবাশিস|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=2018-04-14|language=bn}}</ref> Chalchitra artist of [[Nabadwip]], Tapan Bhattacharya said-
{{cquote|It's good to see a lost painting coming back around.|Tapan Bhattacharya}}

====Durga Pot====
[[File:Durga sara Bengal Patachitra.jpg|thumb|[[Durga]] sara, an aspect of Bengal Patachitra]]
Durga pot or Durga sara is recognised as the worshiped patachitra. It worshiped in the ''Hatsarandi Sutradhar society'' of [[Birbhum district]] on Durga puja time. This type of patachitra is also worshiped is [[Katwa]]. Durga Pot has a hemispherical Patachitra where Patachitra of Durga is in the middle position. Ram, Sita, Shib, Nandi-Vringi, Brahma, Vishnu, Shumbha-Nishumbha are painted on this kind of Chalchitra. [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanager]] Rajrajeshwari Durga is seen to be uniquely noticed. In the middle of the Chalchitra, there is Panchanan Shib and Parvati is beside him, on one side there is Dasha-mahabidya and the other side, there is [[Dashavatara|Dashabatar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/state/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%9D-%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-1.74260|title=অবক্ষয় আর অবলুপ্তির মাঝে বাংলার চালচিত্র - Anandabazar|last=ভট্টাচার্য|first=বিভূতিসুন্দর|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=2018-04-14|language=bn}}</ref>

===Technique===
The Patachitra of different districts of [[West Bengal]] are characterized by many peculiarities in colour and design. The patachitra of [[Manbhum]], now known as [[Purulia district|Purulia]] can easily be distinguished by their preference for one particular shade of burnt sienna relieved by white and yellow patches and densely packed composition. The seated figures of [[Dasaratha]] and [[Chand Sadagar]] of [[Medinipur]] crowning the [[Ramayana]] and Kamale-Kamini scrolls are impressive and monumental.<ref>Craft council of West Bengal-1985-86, The Jarana Patachitra of Bengal- Mahamaya, p-112</ref> In the scrolls of pot of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Bankura district|Bankura]] and [[Burdwan district|Burdwan]] preference for Indian red background usually found, the scrolls of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] preferred a dark brown. The [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Manbhum]] 'pats' are peculiar and definitely modernistic with the abstract linear treatment.<ref>D. P. Ghosh, FOLK ART OF BENGAL, Visvabharati, p-4</ref>

===Colour===
Use of natural color is one of the individual characteristics of the Bengal Patachitra. In general, blue, [[yellow]], [[green]], [[red]], [[brown]], [[black]] and [[white]] are used in the Patachitra of [[West Bengal]]. Chalk dust is used for white color, pauri for yellow color, cultivated indigo for blue, bhushakali for black and mete sindur for red color.<ref>http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/564/564%20-%20Statement%20of%20Case%20-%2017-08-2016.pdf</ref>

=== Artists ===
Bengal Patua artists carry the occupational surname of 'Chitrakar'. They are concentrated in the village of Naya in [[Medinipur]] district of [[West Bengal]]. Prominent artists include Khandu and Radha Chitrakar and their children Bapi, Samir, Prabir, Laltu, Tagar, Mamoni and Laila Chitrakar. [[Manimala Chitrakar|Monimala]] is known for her use of bold, primal colours and the development of her own iconographic style.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenius Artists India|last=Nair|first=Sunita|publisher=Sunita Nair|year=2018|isbn=978-93-5311-387-2|location=Mumbai|pages=135–137}}</ref>

== Geographical Indication of Pattachitra ==
[[Geographical indication]] of Patachitra is registered under to different state of [[India]] as the style and motif of [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]] Patachitra are so different. The Patachitra of Odisha is registered as '''''Orissa Pattachitra'''''.<ref name="odisha.gov.in"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/ |title=Geographical Indications of India |publisher=ipindia.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826183844/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/ |archive-date=2013-08-26 }}</ref> The Patachitra of [[West Bengal]] is registered as '''''Bengal Patachitra'''''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipindia.nic.in/registered-gls.htm|title=Registered Gls {{!}} Geographical Indications {{!}} Intellectual Property India|website=www.ipindia.nic.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/Bengal-handicrafts-to-get-new-fillip-with-GI-tags/article14572749.ece|title=Bengal handicrafts to get new fillip with GI tags|date=2016-08-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-05-14|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/west-bengal-seeks-geographical-indication-tag-for-handicrafts/articleshow/53814629.cms|title=West Bengal seeks geographical indication tag for handicrafts|last=Roy|first=Tasmayee Laha|date=2016-08-22|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-05-14}}</ref>

== References ==
''' Citations '''
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |author=Kossak, Steven | title= ''Indian court painting, 16th-19th century'' | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1997| isbn=0-87099-783-1 | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/12335/rec/74}} (see index: p. 148-152)

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Pattachitra}}
* [http://www.midnapore.in/festival/potmaya/pot-maya-naya-pingla.html Patachitra of Medinipur (Midnapore)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410050953/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/dec2005/engpdf/patta_chitra_its_past_and_present.pdf Past of Pattachitra]
* [http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Handicrafts/Pattachitra/ Essential Ideas on Pattachita] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716093741/http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Handicrafts/Pattachitra/ |date=2011-07-16 }}
* [http://india.gov.in/knowindia/pattachitra.php Pattachitra Painting]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/photogallery/pattachitra.htm Pattachitra Photogallery]

{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal topics}}
{{Odia culture}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Arts of Odisha]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Odisha]]
[[Category:Culture of Odisha]]
[[Category:Schools of Indian painting]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian folk art]]

Pattachitra - Revision history

Aranyam: updated page

Sarada22: rework structure also and added references

imported>Kridha: Modified short description.