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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Saints}}~~
	{{div col\|colwidth=23em}}		{{div col\|colwidth=23em}}
	* [[Calendar of saints]]		* [[Calendar of saints]]

ImportMaster at 20:02, 12 July 2022

2022-07-12T20:02:42Z

New page

{{Short description|Saint regarded as a heavenly advocate}}
{{For|the racehorse|Patron Saint (horse)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

[[File:Evangelist-St.-Matthew-And-The-Angel.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|[[Matthew the Apostle|Saint Matthew the Apostle]], depicted with an angel, is the patron saint of [[Salerno, Italy]], bankers, and tax collectors.]]
[[File:Saint Honore Cake Shop Outlet01.jpg|thumb|right|A branch of [[Saint Honore Cake Shop]], a [[Hong Kong]] chain bakery, in Hong Kong. [[Honorius of Amiens|Saint Honorius (Honoré)]] is the patron saint of bakers and confectioners.]]

A '''patron saint''', '''patroness saint''', '''patron hallow''' or '''heavenly protector''' is a [[saint]] who in [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Anglicanism]], or [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] is regarded as the heavenly [[advocacy|advocate]] of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Slocum |first1=Robert Boak |last2=Armentrout|first2=Donald S.|title=Patronal Feast |encyclopedia=An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church: A User-Friendly Reference for Episcopalians |url={{google books|QNM8AwAAQBAJ|page=390|plainurl=yes}} |page=390 |year=2000 |publisher=Church Publishing, Inc. |location=New York |isbn=0-89869-211-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=patron saint|date=2006|encyclopedia=[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]|edition=4th|isbn=0-618-70172-9|page=1290|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/americanheritage00edit_9/page/1290}}</ref>

==In Christianity==

Saints often become the patrons of places where they were born or had been active. However, there were cases in [[Middle Ages|Medieval Europe]] where a city which grew to prominence and obtained for its cathedral the remains or some [[relic]]s of a famous saint who had lived and was buried elsewhere, thus making them the city's patron saint – such a practice conferred considerable prestige on the city concerned. In [[Latin America]] and the [[Philippines]], Spanish and Portuguese explorers often named a location for the saint on whose feast or commemoration day they first visited the place, with that saint naturally becoming the area's patron.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}

Occupations sometimes have a patron saint who had been connected somewhat with it, although some of the connections were tenuous. Lacking such a saint, an occupation would have a patron whose acts or miracles in some way recall the profession. For example, when the previously unknown occupation of [[photography]] appeared in the 19th century, [[Saint Veronica]] was made its patron, owing to how [[Veil of Veronica|her veil]] miraculously received the imprint of [[Christ]]'s [[Holy Face|face]] after she wiped off the blood and sweat.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C.W.G. |author2=R.G. |title=St. Veronica (Vol. vi., p.199) |journal=[[Notes and Queries]] |volume=6 |issue=150 |date=11 September 1852 |location=London |page=252 |url=https://archive.org/stream/notesqueriesmedi06lond#page/252/mode/1up }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Archaeological Intelligence |journal=The Archaeological Journal |volume=7 |date=1850 |page=413 |doi=10.1080/00665983.1850.10850808 |url=https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicaljo07brituoft#page/413/mode/1up }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Alban |last=Butler |editor-last=Doyle |editor-first=Peter |date=2000 |title=Lives of the Saints: July |edition=New full |publisher=Burns & Oates |location=Tunbridge Wells |isbn=0-86012-256-5 |oclc=877793679 |url={{google books|umn3JEADSTQC|plainurl=yes}} |chapter=St. Veronica (First Century) |chapter-url={{google books|umn3JEADSTQC|page=84|plainurl=yes}} |pages=84–86 |via=Google Books }}</ref>

The [[veneration]] or "commemoration" and recognition of patron saints or saints in general is found in [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Eastern Catholicism]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and among some [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] and [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]]. According to the [[Catechism of the Catholic Church|Catholic catechism]] a [[Faithful (Catholicism)|person's]] patron saint, having already attained the [[beatific vision]], is able to intercede with God for their needs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gibson |first=Henry |date=1882 |title=Catechism Made Easy: Being a Familiar Explanation of the Catechism of Christian Doctrine (No. 2) |edition=2nd |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/catechismmadeea02chgoog |chapter=Twenty-Fifth Instruction |page=[https://archive.org/stream/catechismmadeea02chgoog#page/n332/mode/1up 310] |publisher=Burns and Oates |location=London |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/catechismmadeea02chgoog#page/n327/mode/1up |via=Internet Archive }}</ref>

It is, however, generally discouraged in most [[Protestantism|Protestant]] branches such as [[Calvinism]], where the practice is considered a form of [[idolatry]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Duke |editor1-first=A.C. |editor2-last=Lewis |editor2-first=Gillian |editor3-last=Pettegree |editor3-first=Andrew |date=1992 |title=Calvinism in Europe, 1540–1610: A Collection of Documents |isbn=0-7190-3552-X |oclc=429210690 |page=[https://archive.org/details/calvinismineurop00unse/page/53 53] |chapter=Managing a country parish: A country pastor's advice to his successor |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/calvinismineurop00unse/page/53 }}</ref>

===Catholicism===
A canonized saint can be assigned as patron by a venerable tradition, or chosen by election. The saint is considered a special intercessor with God and the proper advocate of a particular locality, occupation, etc., and merits a special form of religious observance. A term in some ways comparable is "titular", which is applicable only to a church or institution.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Patron Saints |last=Knight |first=Kevin |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2020 |access-date=28 August 2021 |url= https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11562a.htm}}</ref>

== In Islam ==
Although Islam has no codified doctrine of patronage on the part of saints, it has nevertheless been an important part of both [[Sunni]] and [[Shia]] Islamic traditions that particularly important classical saints have served as the heavenly advocates for specific Muslim [[empire]]s, [[nation]]s, [[cities]], [[town]]s, and [[village]]s.<ref name=Lings>{{cite book |first=Martin |last=Lings |title=What is Sufism? |location=Lahore |publisher=Suhail Academy |date=2005 |orig-year=1983 |pages=119–120 etc. }}</ref> [[Martin Lings]] wrote: "There is scarcely a region in the empire of Islam which has not a Sufi for its Patron Saint."<ref name=Lings/>{{rp|119}} As the veneration accorded saints often develops purely organically in Islamic climates, in a manner different from [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Eastern Orthodox]] [[Christianity]], "patron saints" are often recognized through popular acclaim rather than through official declaration.<ref name=Lings/> Traditionally, it has been understood that the patron saint of a particular place prays for that place's wellbeing and for the health and happiness of all who live therein.<ref name=Lings/>

However, the [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi]] and [[Salafi movement|Salafi]] movements within Sunnism have latterly attacked the veneration of saints (as patron or otherwise), which they claim are a form of [[idolatry]] or ''[[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]]''.<ref name=Lings/> More mainstream Sunni clerics have critiqued this argument since Wahhabism first emerged in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Commins |first=David |title=The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2009 |page=59|quote=Abd al-Latif, who would become the next supreme religious leader ... enumerated the harmful views that Ibn Jirjis openly espoused in Unayza: Supplicating the dead is not a form of worship but merely calling out to them, so it is permitted. Worship at graves is not idolatry unless the supplicant believes that buried saints have the power to determine the course of events. Whoever declares that there is no god but God and prays toward Mecca is a believer.}}</ref> The critiques notwithstanding, widespread veneration of saints in the Sunni world declined in the 20th century under Wahhabi and Salafi influence.<ref name=Lings/>

== In Hinduism ==
In Hinduism, certain sects may devote themselves to the veneration of a saint, such as the [[Balmiki sect]] that reveres [[Valmiki]].<ref name="Kananaikil1983">{{cite book |last1=Kananaikil |first1=Jose |title=Scheduled Castes and the Struggle Against Inequality: Strategies to Empower the Marginalised |date=1983 |publisher=Indian Social Institute |page=17 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Saints}}
{{div col|colwidth=23em}}
* [[Calendar of saints]]
* [[Guardian angel]]
* [[List of blesseds]]
* [[List of saints]]
* [[Patron saints of ailments, illness, and dangers]]
* [[List of patron saints by occupation and activity|Patron saints of occupations and activities]]
* [[Patron saints of places]]
* [[Patron saints of ethnic groups]]
* [[Military saints]]
* [[Saint symbolism]]
*[[Tutelary deity]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php Catholic Online: Patron Saints]
*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Patron Saints|author=Henry Parkinson}}
*{{Cite Americana|short=1|wstitle=Patron Saint}}

{{Saints|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Patron saints| ]]

Patron saint - Revision history

BrittnyFiorillo: fixed issues

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

ImportMaster at 20:02, 12 July 2022