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Chief Ministers: redundant

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{{About|a group of former states of India|other uses of the name|Punjab (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|_noautocat = 
|native_name = 
|conventional_long_name = Patiala and East Punjab States Union
|common_name = PEPSU
|subdivision = State 
|nation = India
|status_text = 
|government_type = Democracy

|title_leader = Governor
|title_deputy = Chief Minister
|leader1 = 
|year_leader1 = 
|deputy1 = 
|year_deputy1 = 

|legislature = [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly]]
|house1 = 
|house2 = 
|type_house1 = Unicameral
|type_house2 = 

|capital = [[Patiala]]
|national_motto = 
|national_anthem = 
|political_subdiv = 
|today = 


|year_start = 1948
|year_end = 1956
|event_start = State Established
|date_start = 15 July
|event_end = State Disestablished
|date_end = 1 November
|event1 = 
|date_event1 =
|event2 =
|date_event2 =
|event3 =
|date_event3 =
|event4 =
|date_event4 =
|event5 =
|date_event5 =
|life_span =
|era = 
|event_pre = 
|date_pre =
|event_post = 
|date_post =

|image_flag = 
|image_border = 
|flag_type = 
|flag = India
|image_coat = Patiala and East Punjab States Union - PEPSU logo.jpg
|symbol_type = Emblem
|symbol = Emblem of Punjab, India
|image_map = PEPSU in India (1951).svg
|image_map_caption = 1951 map of India. The Patiala and East Punjab States Union is shown forming [[enclave]]s in [[East Punjab]].

|p1 = Punjab States Agency
|flag_p1 = 
|border_p1 = 
|image_p1 = 
|s1 = East Punjab
|flag_s1 = 
|border_s1 = 
|image_s1 = 

|stat_area1 =26208
|stat_year1 =1951
|stat_pop1 = 3493685
|footnotes = 
}}

The '''Patiala and East Punjab States Union''' ('''PEPSU''') was a [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[India]], uniting eight princely states between 1948 and 1956. The capital and principal city was [[Patiala]]. The state covered an area of 26,208 km². [[Shimla]], [[Kasauli]], [[Kandaghat]] and [[Chail, Himachal Pradesh|Chail]] also became part of the PEPSU.

== History ==

=== Princely states union ===
It was created by combining eight [[princely state]]s, which maintained their native rulers :
; Six [[Salute state]]s :
* [[Patiala State|Patiala]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (19-guns local)
* [[Jind State|Jind]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
* [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
* [[Nabha State|Nabha]], title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns local):
* [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], title Raja, Hereditary salutes of 11-guns
* [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 11-guns

; and two Non-salute states:
* [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], title Raja (till 1916 Sardar)
* [[Nalagarh State|Nalagarh]], title Raja.

The state was inaugurated on 15 July 1948 and formally became a [[States and union territories of India|state of India]] in 1950.

=== Successor states ===
[[File:Punjab 1951-66.svg|thumb|475px|PEPSU state in [[East Punjab]]]]
On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly into [[Punjab State]] following the [[States Reorganisation Act]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=195637%20&tfnm2=11 |title=States Reorganisation Act, 1956 |date=31 August 1956 |series=India Code Updated Acts |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India|pages=section 9 |access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref>

A part of the former state of PEPSU, including the present day [[Jind district]] and the [[Narnaul]] tehsil in north Haryana as well as the Loharu tehsil, [[Charkhi Dadri district]] and [[Mahendragarh district]] in southwest Haryana, presently lie within the state of [[Haryana]], which was [[Partition (politics)|separated]] from [[East Punjab|Punjab]] on 1 November 1966. Some other areas that belonged to PEPSU, notably Solan and [[Nalagarh]], now lie in the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

==Rajpramukh and Uparajpramukh==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S. no.
!Rajpramukh
!Portrait
!colspan=3|Tenure
!Uparajpramukh
!Portrait
!Appointed by
|-
!1
|[[Yadavindra Singh]]
|[[File:Yadvinder Singh Mahendra Bahadur (1971).jpg|75px]]
|15 July 1948
|1 November 1956
|{{age in years and days|1948|07|15|1956|11|01}}
|[[Jagatjit Singh]]
|[[File:Maharaja de kapurthala jagatjit singh.jpg|75px]]
|''[[C. Rajagopalachari]]''
|}

==Chief Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|-
! No !! Name !! Portrait !! colspan=2 | Party {{small|(coalition with)}} !! colspan=3| Term of office<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#PEPSU worldstatesmen.org PEPSU]</ref>!! Election (Assembly) !! Appointed by
|-
!colspan=10|List of Premier of PEPSU (1948-1952)
|-
|rowspan=2|1
|rowspan=2| [[Gian Singh Rarewala]] || rowspan=2|[[File:Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png|75px]] || rowspan=2 style="background:#DDDDDD;"| || rowspan=2|[[Independent politician|IND]] {{small|([[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]])}} || 15 July 1948 || 13 January 1949 || rowspan=2|{{age in years and days|1948|07|15|1951|05|23}} || Caretaker Government || rowspan=3 | [[Yadavindra Singh]]
|-
|| 13 January 1949 || 23 May 1951 {{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} || rowspan=2| Not yet created
|-
|
2
|| [[Raghbir Singh (Chief Minister)|Raghbir Singh]] || [[File:Raghbir Singh.jpg|75px]] || style="background:{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}};"| ||[[Indian National Congress]] || 23 May 1951 || 21 April 1952 {{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}|| {{age in years and days|1951|05|23|1952|04|21}}
|-
!colspan=10|Chief Minister of PEPSU (1952-1956)
|-
|1
|| [[Gian Singh Rarewala]] || [[File:Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png|75px]] || style="background:#DDDDDD;"| || [[Independent politician|IND]] {{small|([[1952 Patiala & East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election#Results|UDF]])}} || 22 April 1952 {{ref label|§|§|§}} || 5 March 1953 {{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} ||{{age in years and days|1952|04|22|1953|03|05}} || [[1952 Patiala & East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1952]] (1) || [[Yadavindra Singh]]
|-
|| (i) ||colspan=2|'''Vacant'''{{efn|name=PR|''[[President's rule]]'' may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005.</ref>}} ([[President's rule]]) || || - || 5 March 1953 || 8 March 1954 || {{age in years and days|1953|03|05|1954|03|08}} || - || ''[[Rajendra Prasad]]''
|-
|2
|| [[Raghbir Singh (Chief Minister)|Raghbir Singh]] || [[File:Raghbir Singh.jpg|75px]] || rowspan=2 style="background:{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}};"| ||rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress]] || 8 March 1954 {{ref label|§|§|§}} || 7 January 1955 {{ref label|d|d|d}} || {{age in years and days|1954|03|08|1955|01|07}} || rowspan=2| [[1954 Patiala & East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1954]] (2) || rowspan=2 |[[Yadavindra Singh]]
|-
|3
|| [[Brish Bhan]] || [[File:Brish Bhan.png|75px]] || 12 January 1955 || 1 November 1956 {{ref label|pd|pd|pd}}|| {{age in years and days|1955|01|12|1956|11|01}}
|-
|}

===Deputy Chief Minister===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|-
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Portrait
! colspan=2|Term of office
!colspan=2|Political Party
!Chief Minister
|-
!rowspan=2|1
|rowspan=2|[[Brish Bhan]]
|rowspan=2|[[File:Brish Bhan.png|75px]]
|23 May 1951
|21 April 1952
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}"|
|rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2| [[Raghbir Singh (Chief Minister)|Raghbir Singh]]
|-
|8 March 1954
|12 January 1955
|}
== Institutions ==
[[File:Patiala and East Punjab States Union - PEPSU logo.jpg|thumb|Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) coat of arms in the inauguration stone of [[Government Medical College, Patiala]]]]

=== Heads of state and government ===
When the state was formed, the then-[[Maharaja of Patiala]], [[Yadavindra Singh]], was appointed its [[Rajpramukh]] (equivalent to Governor). He remained in office during the entire length of the state's short existence. The then [[Maharaja]] of [[Kapurthala]], [[Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala|Jagatjit Singh]], served as [[Uparajpramukh]] (lieutenant-governor).{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

[[Gian Singh Rarewala]] was sworn in on 13 January 1949 as the first [[Chief Minister]] of PEPSU. Col. Raghbir Singh became the next Chief Minister on 23 May 1951, and Brish Bhan the Deputy Chief Minister.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

The state elected a 60-member state legislative assembly on 6 January 1952. The [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] won 26 seats and the [[Akali Dal]] won 19 seats.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

On 22 April 1952, Gian Singh Rarewala again became Chief Minister, this time an elected one. He led a coalition government, called the "United Front", formed by the Akali Dal and various independents. On 5 March 1953 his government was dismissed and President's rule was imposed on the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011216/edit.htm#1|title=Rarewala: A Punjabi-loving gentleman-aristocrat|author=Singh, Roopinder|date=16 December 2001| work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> In the mid-term poll that followed, the Congress party secured a majority and Raghbir Singh became Chief Minister on 8 March 1954. Upon his death, Brish Bhan became the Chief Minister on 12 January 1955 and remained in office as last incumbent.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

=== Subdivisions ===
Initially, in 1948, the state was divided into the following eight districts:
# [[Patiala ]]
# [[Nabha ]]
# [[Jind ]]
# [[Faridkot district|Faridkot ]]
# [[Kalsian ]]
# [[Kapurthala ]]
# [[Malerkotla ]]
# [[Nalagarh ]]

In 1953, the number of districts was reduced from eight to five. Barnala district became part of Sangrur district and Kohistan and [[Fatehgarh]] districts became part of Patiala district.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Jind district|url=http://jind.nic.in/jIND%20PROJECT/HISTORY.htm|publisher=Jind district website|access-date=19 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716083703/http://jind.nic.in/jIND%20PROJECT/HISTORY.htm|archive-date=16 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

There were four Lok Sabha constituencies in this state. Three of them were single-seat constituency: [[Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohindergarh]], [[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]] and [[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]. The Kapurthala-Bhatinda Lok Sabha constituency was a double-seat constituency.

== Demography ==
The state had a population of 3,493,685 (1951 census), of which 19% was urban. The population density was 133/km².<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/punjab/patiala-and-east-punjab-states-union|title=Patiala and East Punjab States Union|publisher=The Sikh Encyclopedia|access-date=11 Nov 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125923/https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/punjab/patiala-and-east-punjab-states-union|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
# Singh, Gursharan (1991). ''History of PEPSU, India: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956'', Delhi: Konark Publishers, {{ISBN|81-220-0244-7}}.

{{coord|31.45|N|77.60|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

{{States of India on 26 January 1950}}
{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1948]]
[[Category:History of Haryana (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Patiala]]
[[Category:History of Punjab, India (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]

Patiala and East Punjab States Union - Revision history

imported>Veverve: /* Chief Ministers */ redundant