104.129.80.130: larger removal of material should have been talked about

2021-03-18T20:54:11Z

larger removal of material should have been talked about

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[[File:Ring ceremony, Indian Hindu wedding.jpg|thumb|Indian and Pakistani culture teaches the concept of ''Pati Parmeshwar'' / ''Majazi Khuda'', in which the husband is regarded by his wife as being next to God.<ref name="Becher1991"/><ref name="KumarVarghese2005"/>]]
'''Pati Parmeshwar''' ({{lang-hi|पति परमेश्वर}}, {{lang-ur|پتی پرمیشور}}), also called '''Majazi Khuda''' ({{lang-hi|मजाज़ी ख़ुदा}}, {{lang-ur|مجازی خدا}}), is a concept in [[South Asia]] that teaches that the husband is akin to a deity, being next to God.<ref name="KumarVarghese2005">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Hajira |last2=Varghese |first2=Jaimon |title=Women's empowerment, issues, challenges, and strategies: a source book |date=2005 |publisher=Regency Publications |isbn=9788189233143 |language=English|quote=Both Hindus and Muslims teach to their women that husband is not less than a god to them (Pati Parmeshwar and Khuda-e-Majazi ).}}</ref><ref name="Becher1991">{{cite book |last1=Becher |first1=Jeanne |title=Women, Religion, and Sexuality: Studies on the Impact of Religious Teachings on Women |date=1991 |publisher=Trinity Press International |isbn=9781563380136 |language=English |quote=In India and Pakistan, for example, a Muslim woman learns almost as an article of faith that her husband is her majazi khuda (God in earthly form). |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/womenreligionsex0000unse }}</ref> This teaching of ''Pati Parmeshwar'' or ''Majazi Khuda'' holds that it is the husband's role to provide for his wife.<ref name="Hussain2008">{{cite book |last1=Hussain |first1=Sabiha |title=Exposing the Myths of Muslim Fertility: Gender and Religion in a Resettlement Colony of Delhi |date=2008 |publisher=Promilla & Company Publishers |isbn=9788185002866 |language=English |quote=The husband is the 'Parmeshwar' or the 'Mazaji Khuda' who fulfils his wife's needs and desires by working hard and earning money. |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/exposingmythsofm0000huss }}</ref> [[Indian people|Indian]] and [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] women thus regularly [[prayer|pray]] and [[fasting|fast]] for their husband.<ref name="LebacqzSinacoreGuinn1999">{{cite book |last1=Lebacqz |first1=Karen |last2=Sinacore-Guinn |first2=David |title=Sexuality: A Reader |date=1999 |publisher=Pilgrim Press |isbn=9780829812107 |language=English |quote=In India and Pakistan, for example, a Muslim woman learns almost as an article of faith that her husband is her majazi khuda (God in earthly form). |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780829812107 }}</ref><ref name="Arora2006">{{cite book |last1=Arora |first1=Sudhir Kumar |title=A Study of Kamala Markandaya's Women |date=2006 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=9788126906482 |language=English}}</ref> For a South Asian married couple, the husband is viewed by his wife as an aid in her eventual salvation with respect to the afterlife.<ref name="Hunter2005">{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=Shireen |title=Islam and Human Rights: Advancing a U.S.-Muslim Dialogue |date=2005 |publisher=CSIS |isbn=9780892064717 |language=English |quote=The husband, in fact, is regarded not only as the wife's majazi khuda (god in earthly form) but also as her gateway to heaven or hell and the arbiter of her final destiny. That such an idea can exist within the framework of Islam — which, in theory considers the deification of any human being as ''shirk'' (polytheism), regarded by the Qur'an as the one unforgivable sin, and which rejects the idea that there can be any intermediary between a believer and God, represent both a profound irony and a great tragedy.}}</ref> The concept of ''Pati Parmeshwar'' or ''Majazi Khuda'' originates in [[Hinduism]], though it has been adopted by many practitioners of [[Islam in South Asia|Islam in the Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hassan |first1=Riffat |title=The Basis of a Hindu-Muslim Dialogue and Steps in that Direction from a Muslim Perspective |url=http://riffathassan.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/The_Basis_For_a_Hundu-Muslim_Dialogue1.pdf |publisher=Ecumenical Press |page=140 |language=English |date=1986|quote=Some of these practices (for example, demanding the dowry or bride-price for girls at marriage) and concepts (for example, the husband is the wife's "majazi khuda" or god in earthly form) are clearly unIslamic. In fact, the "deification" of the husband is tantamount to shirk (association with God) and, thus, an unforgiveable sin. However, they have become so deeply rooted in Muslim culture that their association with, or derivation from, Hindu culture has long been forgotten, and they are regarded by many Muslims to be part of the Islamic "Shari'a."}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb]]
*[[Hindu-Muslim unity]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian culture]]
[[Category:Pakistani culture]]
[[Category:Hindu theology]]
[[Category:Islam in India]]

Pati Parmeshwar and Majazi Khuda - Revision history

104.129.80.130: larger removal of material should have been talked about