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{{cleanup rewrite|date=May 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Patan
| other_name = Anhilvad, Anhilpur
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Rani ki vav1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Rani Ki Vav
| nickname = Patola City
| pushpin_map = India#India Gujarat
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|51|00|N|72|07|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Gujarat|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patan District|Patan]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Vanraj Chavda]]
| named_for =
| government_type = Patan Municipality
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 17.8
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 76
| population_total = 133744
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 26th (Gujarat)
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 384265
| area_code = 02766
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#GJ.E2.80.94Gujarat|GJ]]-24
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi]], and [[Indian English|English]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Patan''' ({{audio|Patan.ogg|pronunciation}}) is the administrative seat of [[Patan district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and is an administered [[municipality]]. It was the capital of [[Gujarat]]'s [[Chavda dynasty|Chavda]] and [[Chaulukya]] dynasties in medieval times, and is also known as Anhilpur-Patan to distinguish it from [[Prabhas Patan]]. During the rule of [[Gujarat Sultanate]], it was the capital from 1407 to 1411.

Patan was established by the Chavda king [[Vanaraja Chavda|Vanaraja]]. During the rule of several Hindu and Muslim dynasties, it thrived as a trading city and a regional capital of northern Gujarat. The city contains many [[Hindu]] and [[Jain]] temples as well as [[mosques]], [[dargahs]] and [[rauza]]s.

It is a historical place located on the bank of the now extinct [[Saraswati River, Gujarat|Saraswati River]]. Patan has an old market which is quite sizeable and is believed to have been in continuous operation since at least the rule of Vaghelas.

==History==
Patan was established by the [[Chavda]] ruler Vanaraja in the ninth century as "Anahilapataka".<ref>{{cite book |author=Anthony Kennedy Warder |title=Indian Kāvya Literature: The bold style (Śaktibhadra to Dhanapāla) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKD-v7tPc8EC&pg=PA194 |year=1988 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0450-0 |pages=194–195 }}</ref> During 10th-13th century, the city served as the capital of the [[Chaulukya dynasty]], who succeeded the Chavdas.

[[File:Chaulukyas of Anahillapataka King Kumarapala Circa 1145-1171.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Coin of the [[Chaulukya]]s of [[Anahillapataka]] (Patan), King [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]], {{circa|1145|1171}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=55245|title=CNG: eAuction 97. INDIA, Chaulukyas of Anahillapataka. Kumarapala. Circa 1145-1171. AV Dinar (19mm, 3.88 gm).|website=Cngcoins.com|access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref>]]
Muhammed of Ghur's general and later [[Sultanate of Delhi|Sultan of Delhi]] [[Qutb-ud-din Aybak]] [[Battle of Kasahrada (1197)|sacked the in 1197]], and it was destroyed by the Allauddin Khilji in 1298. The modern town of Patan later sprung up near the ruins of [[Anhilwara]]. During 1304 to 1411, first Patan was the ''Suba'' headquarter of Delhi Sultanate and capital city of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] after the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate at the end of the 14th century. A new fort was built by these Subas, a large portion of which (along with a few of the gates) is still intact. The old fort of the Hindu kingdom is nearly vanished and only a wall can be seen on the way from Kalka to [[Rani ki vav]]. In 1411, Sultan [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]] moved the capital to [[Ahmedabad]].

Patan was part of the [[Baroda state]] from the mid-18th century until India's independence in 1947, when Baroda became part of [[Bombay state]], which in 1960 was separated into [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]].

==Rani ki Vav==
[[File:Rani ki vav 02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rani Ki Vav]]]]

During the period of the [[Chaulukya dynasty]] or Solankis, the [[stepwell]] called the ''[[Rani ki vav]]'' or ''Ran-ki vav'' (Queen's step well) was constructed. It is a richly sculptured monument, built by Udaymati in memory of her husband, [[Bhima I]] (1022-1063).<ref>{{cite book |title=A Global History of Architecture |first1=Mark M. |last1=Jarzombek |first2=Vikramaditya |last2=Prakash |others=Ching, Francis D. K. |edition=2nd |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=9780470902486 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HL2I_t_ZyQoC&pg=PT907 |page=907}}</ref>

It was probably completed by Udaymati and [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]] after his death. A reference to Udaymati building the monument is in the '[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]' composed by Merutunga Suri in 1304 AD.
[[File:Reliefs at Rani ki Vav.jpg|thumb|left|Richly carved nymphs from the walls of the Rani ki Vav, a 1000 year old stepwell]]
It was one of the largest and the most sumptuous structures of its type. It became silted up and much of it is not visible, except for some rows of sculptured panels in the circular part of the well. Among its ruins one pillar still stands which is proof of the elegance of its design and an excellent example of this period. A part of the west well is extant from which it appears that the wall had been built of brick and faced with stone. From this wall project vertical bracket in pairs, this supported the galleries of the well shaft proper. This bracketing is arranged in tiers and is richly carved.

There is a small gate below the last step of the step well which has a 30 km tunnel (now it has been blocked by stones and mud) which leads to the town of [[Sidhpur]] near Patan. It was used as an escape gateway for king who built the step well in the times of defeat.

This stepwell is the oldest and the deepest among the 120 other stepwell in [[Gujarat]]. The sculpture of [[Rani ki vav]] depicting [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu's]] avatars, Hindu Goddesses, [[Jain sculpture|Jain idols]] and their ancestors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/922|title=Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=Whc.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> Most of the sculpture is in devotion to [[Vishnu]], in the forms of his [[avatar]]s ([[Krishna]], [[Rama]] and others), representing their return to the world.

It was included in the list of [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] on 22 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarat's Rani ki Vav added to UNESCO World Heritage site List|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/gujarats-rani-ki-vav-added-to-unesco-world-heritage-site-list/|website=News.biharprabha.com|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

==The modern city==
===Education===
Patan is home to the [[Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngu.ac.in/|title=HNGU-Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University,Patan|first=Result Center Team, HNGU|last=Patan.|website=Ngu.ac.in|access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref> named after the famous polymath [[Acharya Hemachandra]]. It was previously known as North Gujarat University.

There are many schools and colleges in Patan. Sheth B.D. High School, P.P.G experimental higher secondary school and Junior College is the oldest. Other famous schools are P.P.G. Experimental High School, Adarsha Vidhyalaya, Bhagwati International Public School, Sheth M.N. High School, Sheth B.M. High School, Prerna Mandir High School, Pioneer School of Science, Lord Krishna School of Science and Eklavya School of Science.

There are K.D. Polytechnic Patan for diploma in engineering, Government Engineering College and Sheth M.N. Science College,Sheth M.N.Law College. Patan is the education hub in North Gujarat.

===Medical===
Patan is a prominent medical centre in North Gujarat with almost 200 practicing medical professionals. It has a medical college named [[GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Dharpur-Patan]] at Dharpur on Unjha Highway.

Major hospitals include General Hospital, Janta Hospital, Docter House, upcoming Naari Hospital and other Clinics in Patan.

===Entertainment===
[https://ptndigitalmedia.com/ PTN News] and Anhil Group of Patan mutually organized Gujarat's most popular traditional festival Navratri Mahotsav "[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFjC96bJBhux77ZaQP4k8LNyqsq5yCHQR Khelaiya]" from 2006 to 2018.

City Point Multiplex and Time Cinema provide Entertainment facilities.

Siddhhem Water Park & Resort is developing on Sariyad Highway near Rani Ki Vav.

===Industries===
Patan has a '''GIDC''' and the small and medium size industries and a new '''GIDC''' in Charup, Ta Sarawati District, Patan.

===Market===

Auction of agricultural product done here between farmers and buyers through commission agent is called '''APMC''' (Agriculture Product Market Committee)

Patan has a Vegetable Market on Chanasma Highway.

==Patola sari==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2023}}
[[File:Gujarat patola.jpg|thumb|Patola Sari]]

The [[Patola Sari|patola sari]] is one of the finest hand-woven sarees produced today. This is a specialty of Patan. It is famous for extremely delicate patterns woven with great precision and clarity. A patola sari takes 4 to 6 months to make, depending on how complicated the designs is and if the length is 5 or 6 metres. This saris are totally colored with vegetable colors. Costs start from Rs. 20,000 which may go up to Rs. 20,00,000 even depending on the difficulty of work as many times gold threads are included during its weaving process.

There are only two families making Patola saris. They don't teach this art to other family members. Only their sons are eligible to learn.

Salvivad, a place where Patolas are woven along with places where traditional clay toys are made are worth visiting. Many annual religious fairs act as tourist destination.

It is an ancient art and needs to be preserved as well as nurtured. Local folks in Gujarat always praises the "Patan Na patola" being most costly item for the women to afford in Gujarat.

==Tourist attractions==

[[File:Walls of Patan.jpg|thumb|left|Remains of the walls of new fort.]]
[[File:Sahasralinga Talav.jpg|thumb|Sahasralinga Talav]]
[[File:Sahasralinga Talav1.jpg|thumb|left|Water Inlets]]
[[File:Sahasralinga Talav2.jpg|thumb|Platform]]
[[File:Sahasraling Talav Canal.jpg|thumb|Canal of Water tank (Lake)]]
[[File:Sahasraling Talav at Pattan.jpg|thumb|right|Sahastralinga Tank]]
There are many tourist attractions including forts, vavs (step wells), talavs (lakes) and places of worship. The main tourist attractions are the [[Rani ki vav]] (World Heritage Site) and [[Patola Sari|patola saris]].

The remains of Old City of Patan are a very small portion of Old Fort near Kalka on the outskirts of the New City is of historical and archeological importance. So is the case with the remains of the walls of new fort and the Darwajas (gates) of the new fort which are fast disappearing. The administration and a majority of local people show little interest in preserving these heritage places which are shrinking at a rapid pace. The inner fort of Bhadra with its gates is preserved well.

Step wells include [[Rani ki vav]] and Trikam Barot ni Vav. Lakes include historically and archaeologically important [[Sahastralinga Tank]], Anand Sarovar (Gungadi Talav) and Khan Sarovar.

Two famous architectural monuments have gain the status of national monuments. One of them is [[Sahasralinga_Tank |Sahastralinga tank]] and other one is [[Rani ki vav]] stepwell. Rani ki vav is an intricately constructed stepwell situated in the town of Patan in Gujarat, India. It is located on the banks of the now dried-up [[Saraswati River, Gujarat|Saraswati River]], which was a seasonal river even during its best period.<ref>{{cite book |author1=John E. Cort |title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ip7mCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-513234-2 |page=32 }}</ref>

==12 Darwazas (Gates)==
Bagwada, Chhidiya, Mira, Aghara, Kothakooe, Phatipaal (Fatipal), Ghoonghdi, Kanasda (also known as Kalika), Khansarovar, Motishah, Bhathi, Lal, 12th is door and 1 window (in middle of city is called Ganesh Bari).

==Places of worship==
{{Further|Panchasara Parshwanath temple}}
There are many places of significance on religious, historical or architerctural grounds. Being the state capital of Gujarat for long time the city has heritage associated with religious places as well. The spread of Jainism in Patan can be understood that the city stands third in number of Jain Derasar (Temples) after [[Palitana]] and Ahmedabad (Rajnagar).

==Demographics==
{{Bar box
|title=Religions in Patan city
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|87.11}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|11.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Jains]]|pink|1.27}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.28}}
}}
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Patan had a population of 112,038. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Patan has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 65%. In Patan, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Patan
!Male
!Female
|-
|Population
|112,308
|53%
|47%
|-
|Literacy rate
|72%
|78%
|65%
|-
|Under-6
| colspan="3" |11%
|}

Hindus are the largest religious community of the city. other minority religious communities includes Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Jains.
About 87% of the population is Hindu.

The history of Patan indicates that it was one of Jainism influenced state.

==Politics==
[[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]] is a constituency of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] within the [[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]] (Lok Sabha Constituency).

==Transport==

===Local===
City bus service is run by municipality connecting nearby village. Autorickshaw are available. Patan Bus Station is under renovation right now. It is going to be the modern Bus Station In north Gujarat. The New Bus Station Will Have Restaurants, Canteen, Multiplex cinema house, game zone, All kind of branded showrooms, and latest facilities. It will impact the commute of native people in good way.

===Rail===
{{rws|Patan}} is 108 km from [[Ahmedabad Railway Station]]. [[Ahmedabad]] - [[Bhagat Ki Kothi]] ([[Jodhpur]]) Main line. It is also connected by rail to [[Mehsana]], [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Okha, India|Okha]] by BG Line. Patan railway station is now connected with [[Bhildi]] Railway Station With New BG Line.
New train will start from [[Bandra]] to [[Bhagat Ki Kothi]] and connectivity to [[Rajasthan]], [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]].

===Road===
The National Highway 68 connecting Ramgarh in Rajasthan with the province of Gujarat passes through Patan-Chanasma, thus connecting it with the cities [[Jaisalmer]], [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]] and [[Radhanpur]]. State Highways SH 7, 10, 130 pass through Patan and connect it with the nearest cities of Gujarat. National Highway 68 connects it with [[Mehsana]], [[Himmatnagar]] and [[Ahmedabad]].

===Air===
The nearest airport is [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]] at [[Ahmedabad]].

[[Mehsana Airport]] It is just 51 km From Patan city.

[[Deesa Airport]] It is just 53 km from Patan city.

==See also==
* [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)]]
* [[Hemachandra]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Prof. K.A. Nizami, ‘Foundation of the Delhi Sultanat’ in ''A Comprehensive History of India-Vol-V part one''.
* Chandler, Tertius. 1987. ''Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census''. St. David's University Press.

==External links==
* [https://patandp.gujarat.gov.in/en/home Patan District Panchayat]

{{Patan district}}
{{Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places established in the 8th century]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Patan district]]

Patan, Gujarat - Revision history

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