Pasupatiswarar Temple - Revision history

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	==Legend==		==Legend==
	[[File:Pasupatheeswarar temple Pandanallur 05.jpg\|250px\|left\|Kamadhenu Theertham, the temple tank\|thumb]]		[[File:Pasupatheeswarar temple Pandanallur 05.jpg\|250px\|left\|Kamadhenu Theertham, the temple tank\|thumb]]
	As per Hindu legend, [[Parvathi]], the consort of [[Shiva]], was playing with a ball. As per another variant, she was playing a ball game with [[Lakshmi]] and [[Saraswati]]. [[Shiva]] collated the four [[vedas]] as a ball for his consort. To avoid interference, [[Parvathi]] disallowed sunset. This resulted in natural calamity leading to the fury of [[Shiva]] and kicked away the ball to obscurity. Shiva cursed [[Parvathi]] to become a cow and ordered her to worship him in the place where the ball was floated under Kondrai tree. [[Parvathi]] in the form of [[Kamadhenu]], the holy cow worshipped the lord in snake's lair in Pandanallur. [[Vishnu]] who herded the cow, found the cow devoid of milk one day and canned it. The cow was rescued by [[Shiva]] from the lair and Parvathi was freed off the curse. Some variants mention that sage [[Kanva]] was having the cow. It was milking an ant hill. When the sage followed the cow, it kicked the anthill under which an image of [[Linga]] was found. Following the legend, the image of the Lingam has a mark of hoof. The Lingam is white in colour and ablution is not performed for the presiding deity. The holy cow [[Kamadhenu]] milking on an anthill is a common legend associated with most Shiva temples named Pasupatheeswarar, namely the Eswarar worshipped by ''Pasu'', the cow.<ref name=R>{{cite book\|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam\|last=R.\|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy\|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies\| location=Chennai\|year=2001\|edition=1st\|pages=~~318-20~~}}</ref>		As per Hindu legend, [[Parvathi]], the consort of [[Shiva]], was playing with a ball. As per another variant, she was playing a ball game with [[Lakshmi]] and [[Saraswati]]. [[Shiva]] collated the four [[vedas]] as a ball for his consort. To avoid interference, [[Parvathi]] disallowed sunset. This resulted in natural calamity leading to the fury of [[Shiva]] and kicked away the ball to obscurity. Shiva cursed [[Parvathi]] to become a cow and ordered her to worship him in the place where the ball was floated under Kondrai tree. [[Parvathi]] in the form of [[Kamadhenu]], the holy cow worshipped the lord in snake's lair in Pandanallur. [[Vishnu]] who herded the cow, found the cow devoid of milk one day and canned it. The cow was rescued by [[Shiva]] from the lair and Parvathi was freed off the curse. Some variants mention that sage [[Kanva]] was having the cow. It was milking an ant hill. When the sage followed the cow, it kicked the anthill under which an image of [[Linga]] was found. Following the legend, the image of the Lingam has a mark of hoof. The Lingam is white in colour and ablution is not performed for the presiding deity. The holy cow [[Kamadhenu]] milking on an anthill is a common legend associated with most Shiva temples named Pasupatheeswarar, namely the Eswarar worshipped by ''Pasu'', the cow.<ref name=R>{{cite book\|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam\|last=R.\|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy\|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies\| location=Chennai\|year=2001\|edition=1st\|pages=318–20}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	There are multiple inscriptions in the temple from the [[Chola Empire\|Cholas]] from the 10th century. The earliest inscription is recorded from the time of [[Rajaraja I]]. There are inscriptions from the subsequent kings like [[Vikrama Chola]] (1118-35), [[Rajadhiraja Chola III\|Rajadhiraja II]] (1166–1178), [[Kulothunga Chola III\|Kulothunga III]] (1178–1218) and [[Rajaraja III]] (1216–1256). There are inscriptions indicating donations to the temple from the [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. The inscriptions refer the presiding deity as Pasupathy Devan and Pasupatheeswarar, while the village is mentioned as Pandanainallur and Vadanattu Vilathurnattu Pandanallur. <ref>{{cite web\|title=Panthanainallur\|url=http://thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=181\|publisher=Thevaaram.org\|year=2011\|accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref> In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=HRCE>{{cite web\|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu\|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf\|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu~~\|format=PDF~~\|pages=244}}</ref> The temple has dance traditions specialising in [[Bharatanatyam]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Sangeet Natak\|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi\|year=1997\|page=38}}</ref>		There are multiple inscriptions in the temple from the [[Chola Empire\|Cholas]] from the 10th century. The earliest inscription is recorded from the time of [[Rajaraja I]]. There are inscriptions from the subsequent kings like [[Vikrama Chola]] (1118-35), [[Rajadhiraja Chola III\|Rajadhiraja II]] (1166–1178), [[Kulothunga Chola III\|Kulothunga III]] (1178–1218) and [[Rajaraja III]] (1216–1256). There are inscriptions indicating donations to the temple from the [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. The inscriptions refer the presiding deity as Pasupathy Devan and Pasupatheeswarar, while the village is mentioned as Pandanainallur and Vadanattu Vilathurnattu Pandanallur. <ref>{{cite web\|title=Panthanainallur\|url=http://thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=181\|publisher=Thevaaram.org\|year=2011\|accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref> In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=HRCE>{{cite web\|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu\|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf\|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu\|pages=244}}</ref> The temple has dance traditions specialising in [[Bharatanatyam]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Sangeet Natak\|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi\|year=1997\|page=38}}</ref>

	==Architecture==		==Architecture==

->Ssriram mt: ref addition

2021-11-07T16:15:52Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Pasupatiswarar Temple
| image = Pasupatheeswarar temple Pandanallur 03.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11|7|N|79|31|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Pasupatiswarar([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Pasupatiswarar Temple''' is located in [[Pandanallur]] in the [[Thiruvidaimarudur taluk]] of [[Thanjavur district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Shiva is worshiped as Pasupatheeswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]'' and his consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Mangalambika. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil poet saints known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.

This temple is associated with [[Parvathi]] playing with a ball, giving the name Pandanainallur to the village and subsequently worshipped the presiding deity in the form of a cow, giving the name Pasupatheeswarar to the presiding deity. There are many inscriptions associated with the temple indicating contributions from [[Cholas]]. The oldest parts of the present masonry structure were built during the [[Chola dynasty]] during the 11th century, while later expansions, are attributed to later periods.

The temple houses a three-tiered gateway tower known as ''[[gopuram]]''. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Pasupatheeswarar, Mangalambiga and Adikesava Perumal being the most prominent. The temple complex houses many halls and three precincts. The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and five yearly festivals on its calendar. The Panguni Uthiram during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Panguni'' (April - May) and Masi Magam in ''Maasi'' (February - March) are the most prominent festivals celebrated in the temple. The temple is now maintained and administered by [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Pasupatheeswarar temple Pandanallur 05.jpg|250px|left|Kamadhenu Theertham, the temple tank|thumb]]
As per Hindu legend, [[Parvathi]], the consort of [[Shiva]], was playing with a ball. As per another variant, she was playing a ball game with [[Lakshmi]] and [[Saraswati]]. [[Shiva]] collated the four [[vedas]] as a ball for his consort. To avoid interference, [[Parvathi]] disallowed sunset. This resulted in natural calamity leading to the fury of [[Shiva]] and kicked away the ball to obscurity. Shiva cursed [[Parvathi]] to become a cow and ordered her to worship him in the place where the ball was floated under Kondrai tree. [[Parvathi]] in the form of [[Kamadhenu]], the holy cow worshipped the lord in snake's lair in Pandanallur. [[Vishnu]] who herded the cow, found the cow devoid of milk one day and canned it. The cow was rescued by [[Shiva]] from the lair and Parvathi was freed off the curse. Some variants mention that sage [[Kanva]] was having the cow. It was milking an ant hill. When the sage followed the cow, it kicked the anthill under which an image of [[Linga]] was found. Following the legend, the image of the Lingam has a mark of hoof. The Lingam is white in colour and ablution is not performed for the presiding deity. The holy cow [[Kamadhenu]] milking on an anthill is a common legend associated with most Shiva temples named Pasupatheeswarar, namely the Eswarar worshipped by ''Pasu'', the cow.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=318-20}}</ref>

==History==
There are multiple inscriptions in the temple from the [[Chola Empire|Cholas]] from the 10th century. The earliest inscription is recorded from the time of [[Rajaraja I]]. There are inscriptions from the subsequent kings like [[Vikrama Chola]] (1118-35), [[Rajadhiraja Chola III|Rajadhiraja II]] (1166–1178), [[Kulothunga Chola III|Kulothunga III]] (1178–1218) and [[Rajaraja III]] (1216–1256). There are inscriptions indicating donations to the temple from the [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. The inscriptions refer the presiding deity as Pasupathy Devan and Pasupatheeswarar, while the village is mentioned as Pandanainallur and Vadanattu Vilathurnattu Pandanallur. <ref>{{cite web|title=Panthanainallur|url=http://thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=181|publisher=Thevaaram.org|year=2011|accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref> In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=HRCE>{{cite web|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|format=PDF|pages=244}}</ref> The temple has dance traditions specialising in [[Bharatanatyam]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Sangeet Natak|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi|year=1997|page=38}}</ref>

==Architecture==
Pasupatheeswarar temple is located in [[Pandanallur]], a village in the Tamil Nadu state highway SH150, on the Tirupanantal - Vaitheeswarankoil road, in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple has a five-tiered raja[[gopuram]], the entrance tower and all the shrines of the temple are enclosed in concentric rectangular granite walls. The temple covers an area of close to an {{convert|2|acre|ha|abbr=on}}. The temple has three ''[[prakarams]]'' (closed precincts of a temple) and many ''mandapams'' (halls). The temple faces east and is entered via the ''raja[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower). The presiding deity in the form of [[lingam]] is housed in the sanctum. Following the legend, the image of the Lingam has a mark of the cow's hoof. The Lingam is white in colour and ablution is not performed for the presiding deity.<ref name=R/> The attached hall, the ''ardhamandapa'' measures the same width as the sanctum, while its length is twice the sanctum. The ''ardhamandapa'' projects towards the east. The ''Mukhamandapa'' has a square structure. There are five ''devakoshtas'' that cover the exterior walls of the sanctum. The images of [[Dakshinamurthy]] and [[Brahma]] are the only ones remaining out of the five. The presiding deity of the temple is Pasupatheeswarar, housed in the sanctum. The consort Mangalambiga, is located in a south facing shrine.<ref name=R/> The temple has four bodies of water associated with it. The principal water tank is called Kamadhenu Theertham, which is located outside the main entrance of the temple.<ref name="dinamalar"/>
[[File:Pasupatheeswarar temple Pandanallur 01.jpg|800px|thumb|center|Panoramic view of the temple]]

==Religious importance and Worship practices==
[[File:Pasupatiswarar Temple.jpg|thumb|250px|The interiors of the Pasupatiswarar Temple]]
The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the northern banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=42|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref> The temple is revered in the verses of ''Tevaram'', the 7th century Saivite canonical work by the saint poet [[Sambandar]]. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0162.pdf
|title=campantar tEvAram -2
|work=projectmadurai.org
|access-date=26 July 2011
}}</ref>

The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Pasupatheeswarar and Mangalambikai. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''.
The major festivals celebrated in the temple are Panguni Uthiram during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Panguni'' (April - May) and Masi Magam in ''Maasi'' (February - March).<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Pasupatheeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1027|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=3 August 2014}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Pasupatiswarar Temple}}
{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]