Pashupati - Revision history

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2026-03-27T20:24:46Z

basic adjusted intro as per guidelines and added references

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:08, 1 December 2022
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	\| deity_of = Lord of the Animals		\| deity_of = Lord of the Animals
	\| image = Pashupatinath Mandsaur.jpg		\| image = Pashupatinath Mandsaur.jpg
	\| caption = [[Lingam]] image of Lord Pashupatinath in his Mandsaur temple, India		\| caption = [[Lingam]] image of Lord Pashupatinath in his [[Mandsaur]] temple, India
	\| affiliation = Incarnation of [[Shiva]]		\| affiliation = Incarnation of [[Shiva]]
	\| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]		\| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
	}}		}}
	{{Saivism}}		{{Saivism}}

	'''Pashupati''' ([[Sanskrit]] ''Paśupati''; [[devanagari]] पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an [[Avatar#Avatars of Shiva\|incarnation]] of the [[Deva (Hinduism)\|Hindu god]] [[Shiva]] as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in India ~~and Nepal~~. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal.		'''Pashupati''' ([[Sanskrit]] ''Paśupati''; [[devanagari]] पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an [[Avatar#Avatars of Shiva\|incarnation]] of the [[Deva (Hinduism)\|Hindu god]] [[Shiva]] as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal.

			== Etymology ==
			''Paśupati'' or ''Pashupatinath'', means "Lord of all animals". It was originally it is also was the epithet of [[Rudra]] in the [[Vedic period]].<ref>Kramrisch, p. 479.</ref> and it is one of the epithets of Shiva also.{{sfn \|Śarmā \|1996 \|p=291}}

	==History==		==History==
	The earliest claimed evidence of Pashupati comes from the [[Indus Valley civilization]] (3300 BCE to 1300 BCE), where the [[Pashupati seal]] has been said to represent a proto-Shiva figure,<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Marshall Sir John \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.722 \|title=Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization Vol-i (1931) \|date=1931}}</ref> ~~though this claim is rather controversial and uncertain.~~		[[File:Shiva Pashupati.jpg\|thumb\|The Pashupati seal, surrounded by animals; circa 2350-2000 BCE. It is preserved in [[National Museum, New Delhi]].]]
			The earliest claimed evidence of Pashupati comes from the [[Indus Valley civilization]] (3300 BCE to 1300 BCE), where the [[Pashupati seal]] has been said to represent a proto-Shiva figure.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Marshall Sir John \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.722 \|title=Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization Vol-i (1931) \|date=1931}}</ref>
	~~== Etymology ==~~
	''Paśupati'' or ''Pashupatinath'', means "Lord of all animals". It was originally an epithet of [[Rudra]] in the [[Vedic period]].<ref>Kramrisch, p. 479.</ref> Now it is one of the epithets of Shiva.{{sfn \|Śarmā \|1996 \|p=291}}

	== The Deity ==		== The Deity ==
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	The fifth is Ishana, unknowable even to the seers.<ref name=shaivism/>}}		The fifth is Ishana, unknowable even to the seers.<ref name=shaivism/>}}

	== Nepal ==		==By country==
			=== Nepal ===
	{{Main\|Hinduism in Nepal}}		{{Main\|Hinduism in Nepal}}
	[[File:Pashupati Nath Temple.jpg\|thumb\|Pashupatinath Temple, [[Nepal]]]]		[[File:Pashupati Nath Temple.jpg\|thumb\|Pashupatinath Temple, [[Nepal]]]]

	Although Nepal is a secular state, its [[Hinduism in Nepal\|population is predominantly Hindu]].~~Thus,~~ Pashupatinath is revered as a national deity. The [[Pashupatinath Temple]], located at the bank of the river [[Bagmati]], is considered one of the most sacred ~~place~~ in Nepal. In mythology it is said that Lord Pashupatinath started living in Nepal in the form of a deer because he was enchanted by the beauty of [[Kathmandu Valley]].		Although Nepal is a secular state, its [[Hinduism in Nepal\|population is predominantly Hindu]]. Pashupatinath is revered as a national deity.<ref>Nepal - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture, p.148, Kuperard</ref> The [[Pashupatinath Temple]], located at the bank of the river [[Bagmati]], is considered one of the most sacred places in Nepal. In mythology it is said that Lord Pashupatinath started living in Nepal in the form of a deer because he was enchanted by the beauty of [[Kathmandu Valley]].

	== India ==		=== India ===
			A Pashupatinath temple is sited on the banks of the [[Shivana]] river in [[Mandsaur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is one of the most important shrines of Mandsaur, and Lord Shiva in the form of Lord Pashupatinath is its primary deity. Its main attraction is a unique [[Lingam\|Shiva Linga]] displaying eight faces of Lord Shiva. The shrine has four doors, representing the [[cardinal direction]]s.<ref>Pashupatinath Temple [http://shripashupatinath.nic.in website] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530054654/http://shripashupatinath.nic.in/ \|date=2013-05-30 }}</ref>

	~~A Pashupatinath temple is sited on the banks of the [[Shivana]] river in~~ [[~~Mandsaur]~~]~~, [[Madhya Pradesh~~]~~], [[India]]. It~~ is one of the ~~most important shrines~~ of ~~Mandsaur~~, and ~~Lord Shiva in~~ the ~~form of Lord Pashupatinath is its primary deity. Its main attraction is a unique [[Lingam\|Shiva Linga]] displaying eight faces~~ of ~~Lord Shiva. The shrine has four doors, representing the [[cardinal direction]]s~~.<ref>~~Pashupatinath Temple [http~~:~~//shripashupatinath~~.~~nic.in website] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530054654/http://shripashupatinath.nic.in/ \|date=2013-05-30 }}~~</ref>		==Pashupata Shaivism==

			[[Pashupata Shaivism]] is one of the oldest Shaivite sects that derives its name from ''Pashupati''. The sect upholds Pashupati "as the supreme deity, the lord of all souls, and the cause of all existence".<ref>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide, p. 923, Roshen Dalal, Penguin UK</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Potnia Theron]]		* [[Potnia Theron]]
	* [[Pashupata Shaivism]]
	* [[Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization]]		* [[Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization]]

	==~~Notes~~==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	==~~References~~==		==Sources==
	*{{cite book \|last=Flood \|first=Gavin \|title=An Introduction to Hinduism \|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo \|url-access=registration \|year=1996 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|location=Cambridge \|isbn= 0-521-43878-0}}		*{{cite book \|last=Flood \|first=Gavin \|title=An Introduction to Hinduism \|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo \|url-access=registration \|year=1996 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|location=Cambridge \|isbn= 0-521-43878-0}}
	*{{cite book \|last=Flood \|first=Gavin ~~(Editor)~~\|title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism\|year=2003 \|publisher=Blackwell \|location=Malden, Massachusetts \|isbn=1-4051-3251-5 }}		*{{cite book \|editor-last=Flood \|editor-first=Gavin \|title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism\|year=2003 \|publisher=Blackwell \|location=Malden, Massachusetts \|isbn=1-4051-3251-5 }}
	*{{cite book \|last=Kramrisch \|first=Stella \|title=The Presence of Śiva \|url=https://archive.org/details/presenceofsiva0000kram\|url-access=registration\|year=1981 \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|location=Princeton, New Jersey \|isbn=0-691-01930-4 }}		*{{cite book \|last=Kramrisch \|first=Stella \|title=The Presence of Śiva \|url=https://archive.org/details/presenceofsiva0000kram\|url-access=registration\|year=1981 \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|location=Princeton, New Jersey \|isbn=0-691-01930-4 }}
	*{{cite book \|last=Michaels \|first=Axel\|title=Hinduism: Past and Present \|year=2004 \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|location=Princeton, New Jersey\|isbn=0-691-08953-1 }}		*{{cite book \|last=Michaels \|first=Axel\|title=Hinduism: Past and Present \|year=2004 \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|location=Princeton, New Jersey\|isbn=0-691-08953-1 }}
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	*{{cite book \|last=Zimmer \|first=Heinrich \|author-link=Heinrich Zimmer \|title=Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization \|year=1972 \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|location=Princeton, New Jersey \|isbn=978-0-691-01778-5 \|url-access=registration \|url=https://archive.org/details/mythssymbolsinin00zimmrich }}		*{{cite book \|last=Zimmer \|first=Heinrich \|author-link=Heinrich Zimmer \|title=Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization \|year=1972 \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|location=Princeton, New Jersey \|isbn=978-0-691-01778-5 \|url-access=registration \|url=https://archive.org/details/mythssymbolsinin00zimmrich }}

	{{Shaivism}}		{{Shaivism}}

	[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]		[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]
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	[[Category:Horned deities]]		[[Category:Horned deities]]
	[[Category:Hindu gods]]		[[Category:Hindu gods]]
			[[Category:Shaivism]]

imported>LearnIndology: /* See also */

2021-08-08T09:27:12Z

See also

New page

{{short description|Incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| deity_of = Lord of the Animals
| image = Pashupatinath Mandsaur.jpg
| caption = [[Lingam]] image of Lord Pashupatinath in his Mandsaur temple, India
| affiliation = Incarnation of [[Shiva]]
| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
}}
{{Saivism}}

'''Pashupati''' ([[Sanskrit]] ''Paśupati''; [[devanagari]] पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an [[Avatar#Avatars of Shiva|incarnation]] of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Hindu god]] [[Shiva]] as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in India and Nepal. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal.

==History==
The earliest claimed evidence of Pashupati comes from the [[Indus Valley civilization]] (3300 BCE to 1300 BCE), where the [[Pashupati seal]] has been said to represent a proto-Shiva figure,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall Sir John |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.722 |title=Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization Vol-i (1931) |date=1931}}</ref> though this claim is rather controversial and uncertain.

== Etymology ==
''Paśupati'' or ''Pashupatinath'', means "Lord of all animals". It was originally an epithet of [[Rudra]] in the [[Vedic period]].<ref>Kramrisch, p. 479.</ref> Now it is one of the epithets of Shiva.{{sfn |Śarmā |1996 |p=291}}

== The Deity ==
Pashupatinath is an [[avatar]] of [[Shiva]], one of the [[Trimurti|Hindu Trinity]]. He is the male counterpart of [[Shakti]].

The five faces of Pashupatinath represent various incarnations of Shiva; [[Sadyojata]] (also known as Barun), [[Vamadeva|Vamdeva]] (also known as Uma Maheswara), [[Tatpurusha]], [[Aghori|Aghor]] & [[Ishana]]. They face West, North, East, South and Zenith respectively, representing Hinduism's five primary elements namely [[earth]], [[water]], [[air]], [[light]] and ether.<ref name=shaivism>[https://books.google.com/books?id=N4xIBNmhpXcC&dq=pashupatinath&source=gbs_navlinks_s Encyclopaedia of Saivism], Swami P. Anand, Swami Parmeshwaranand, Publisher Sarup & Sons, {{ISBN|8176254274}}, {{ISBN|9788176254274}}, page 206</ref>

Puranas describe these faces of Shiva as:
{{Cquote|Sadyojata, Vamdeva, Tatpurusha & Aghora are the four faces,
The fifth is Ishana, unknowable even to the seers.<ref name=shaivism/>}}

== Nepal ==
{{Main|Hinduism in Nepal}}
[[File:Pashupati Nath Temple.jpg|thumb|Pashupatinath Temple, [[Nepal]]]]

Although Nepal is a secular state, its [[Hinduism in Nepal|population is predominantly Hindu]].Thus, Pashupatinath is revered as a national deity. The [[Pashupatinath Temple]], located at the bank of the river [[Bagmati]], is considered one of the most sacred place in Nepal. In mythology it is said that Lord Pashupatinath started living in Nepal in the form of a deer because he was enchanted by the beauty of [[Kathmandu Valley]].

== India ==

A Pashupatinath temple is sited on the banks of the [[Shivana]] river in [[Mandsaur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is one of the most important shrines of Mandsaur, and Lord Shiva in the form of Lord Pashupatinath is its primary deity. Its main attraction is a unique [[Lingam|Shiva Linga]] displaying eight faces of Lord Shiva. The shrine has four doors, representing the [[cardinal direction]]s.<ref>Pashupatinath Temple [http://shripashupatinath.nic.in website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530054654/http://shripashupatinath.nic.in/ |date=2013-05-30 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Potnia Theron]]
* [[Pashupata Shaivism]]
* [[Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo |url-access=registration |year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= 0-521-43878-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin (Editor)|title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism|year=2003 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Malden, Massachusetts |isbn=1-4051-3251-5 }}
*{{cite book |last=Kramrisch |first=Stella |title=The Presence of Śiva |url=https://archive.org/details/presenceofsiva0000kram|url-access=registration|year=1981 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=0-691-01930-4 }}
*{{cite book |last=Michaels |first=Axel|title=Hinduism: Past and Present |year=2004 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=0-691-08953-1 }}
*{{cite book |last=Possehl |first=Gregory|author-link=Gregory Possehl |title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective |year=2003 |publisher=AltaMira Press |isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2 }}
*{{cite book |last=Śarmā |first=Rāmakaraṇa |title=Śivasahasranāmāṣṭakam : eight collections of hymns containing one thousand and eight names of Śiva |publisher=Nag Publishers |location=Delhi |year=1996 |isbn=9788170813507 |oclc=36990863 }} Includes ''Śivasahasranāmakoṣa'', a dictionary of names. This work compares eight versions of the Śivasahasranāmāstotra. The preface and introduction (in English) by Ram Karan Sharma provide an analysis of how the eight versions compare with one another. The text of the eight versions is given in Sanskrit.
*{{cite book |last=Zimmer |first=Heinrich |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer |title=Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization |year=1972 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=978-0-691-01778-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mythssymbolsinin00zimmrich }}

{{Shaivism}}

[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]
[[Category:Animal gods]]
[[Category:Horned deities]]
[[Category:Hindu gods]]