Pashaura Singh - Revision history

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2022-12-22T21:29:22Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:59, 23 December 2022
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	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
			\| image = Peshawara Singh, son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.jpg
			\| caption = Peshawara Singh (located in middle, bottom is Kashmira Singh and above is Nau Nihal Singh), son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ca.1880 painting)
	\| birth_date = 1821		\| birth_date = 1821
	\| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab]], [[Sikh Empire]]		\| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab]], [[Sikh Empire]]
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	}}		}}
	'''Kunwar Pashaura Singh'''		'''Kunwar Pashaura Singh'''
	(1821 – 11 September 1845) (also ~~spelled~~ ''Peshawara Singh''~~) Sometimes~~ styled as ''Shahzada'' was the younger son of [[Ranjit Singh\|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and Rani Daya Kaur.<ref name=Pashaura>{{cite web \|url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx \|title=Pashaura Singh Kanvar (1821-1845) \|last1=Khurana \|first1=J. S. \|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism \|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala\|accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>		(1821 – 11 September 1845), also spelt '''Peshawara Singh''', sometimes styled as ''Shahzada'', was the younger son of [[Ranjit Singh\|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and Rani Daya Kaur.<ref name=Pashaura>{{cite web \|url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx \|title=Pashaura Singh Kanvar (1821-1845) \|last1=Khurana \|first1=J. S. \|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism \|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala\|accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>

	He is said to be the son of a slave girl in the household of Rani Daya Kaur by Jai Ram, a shopkeeper in Lahore.<ref>{{Citation\|title=Howell, David Arnold, (28 June 1890–11 May 1953), Principal, Punjab College of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, since 1951\|date=2007-12-01\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238856\|work=Who Was Who\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Howie\|first=R.A.\|date=April 2001\|title=Collins Wild Guide: Rocks & Minerals \|location=London \|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|journal=Mineralogical Magazine\|volume=65\|issue=2\|pages=~~322–322~~\|doi=10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|issn=0026-461X}}</ref> He was procured by Daya Kaur and presented to the Sikh Emperor, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] who accepted him as his son along with [[Kashmira Singh]].		He is said to be the son of a slave girl in the household of Rani Daya Kaur by Jai Ram, a shopkeeper in Lahore.<ref>{{Citation\|title=Howell, David Arnold, (28 June 1890–11 May 1953), Principal, Punjab College of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, since 1951\|date=2007-12-01\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238856\|work=Who Was Who\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238856 \|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Howie\|first=R.A.\|date=April 2001\|title=Collins Wild Guide: Rocks & Minerals \|location=London \|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|journal=Mineralogical Magazine\|volume=65\|issue=2\|pages=322\|doi=10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|issn=0026-461X}}</ref> He was procured by Daya Kaur and presented to the Sikh Emperor, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] who accepted him as his son along with [[Kashmira Singh]].

	His son, Jagjoth Singh was born in 1844 and was granted a half-share of a large jagir in Baraich, Oudh, after the annexation. He was a great philanthropist and public benefactor, who performed valuable services to the government during the Second Afghan War. He had a son Amar Singh. (''b''. 1876).		His son, Jagjoth Singh was born in 1844 and was granted a half-share of a large jagir in Baraich, Oudh, after the annexation. He was a great philanthropist and public benefactor, who performed valuable services to the government during the Second Afghan War. He had a son Amar Singh. (''b''. 1876).

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2022-02-04T20:58:07Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:28, 5 February 2022
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	\| death_date = 1845		\| death_date = 1845
	\| death_place = [[Baraich]], [[Oudh]]		\| death_place = [[Baraich]], [[Oudh]]
	\| spouse = Uttara Kanwar		\| spouse = Jeevan Kaur<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Atwal\|first=Priya\|title=Royals and Rebels The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire\|publisher=C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited\|year=2020\|isbn=}}</ref> <br> Uttara Kanwar<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Atwal\|first=Priya\|title=Royals and Rebels The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire\|publisher=C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited\|year=2020\|isbn=}}</ref>
	\| issue = Jagjoth Singh.		\| issue = Jagjoth Singh.
			\| house = [[Sukerchakia]]
	\| father = [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]		\| father = [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]
	\| mother = Rani Daya Kaur		\| mother = Rani Daya Kaur
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	(1821 – 11 September 1845) (also spelled ''Peshawara Singh'') Sometimes styled as ''Shahzada'' was the younger son of [[Ranjit Singh\|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and Rani Daya Kaur.<ref name=Pashaura>{{cite web \|url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx \|title=Pashaura Singh Kanvar (1821-1845) \|last1=Khurana \|first1=J. S. \|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism \|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala\|accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>		(1821 – 11 September 1845) (also spelled ''Peshawara Singh'') Sometimes styled as ''Shahzada'' was the younger son of [[Ranjit Singh\|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and Rani Daya Kaur.<ref name=Pashaura>{{cite web \|url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx \|title=Pashaura Singh Kanvar (1821-1845) \|last1=Khurana \|first1=J. S. \|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism \|publisher=Punjabi University Patiala\|accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>

	He is said to be the son of a slave girl in the household of Rani Daya Kaur by Jai Ram, a shopkeeper in Lahore.<ref>{{Citation\|title=Howell, David Arnold, (28 June 1890–11 May 1953), Principal, Punjab College of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, since 1951\|date=2007-12-01\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238856\|work=Who Was Who\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Howie\|first=R.A.\|date=April 2001\|title=Collins Wild Guide: Rocks & Minerals \|location=London \|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|journal=Mineralogical Magazine\|volume=65\|issue=2\|pages=322–322\|doi=10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|issn=0026-461X}}</ref> He was procured by Daya Kaur and presented to the Sikh Emperor, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] who accepted him as his son.		He is said to be the son of a slave girl in the household of Rani Daya Kaur by Jai Ram, a shopkeeper in Lahore.<ref>{{Citation\|title=Howell, David Arnold, (28 June 1890–11 May 1953), Principal, Punjab College of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, since 1951\|date=2007-12-01\|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238856\|work=Who Was Who\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Howie\|first=R.A.\|date=April 2001\|title=Collins Wild Guide: Rocks & Minerals \|location=London \|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|journal=Mineralogical Magazine\|volume=65\|issue=2\|pages=322–322\|doi=10.1180/s0026461x00033181\|issn=0026-461X}}</ref> He was procured by Daya Kaur and presented to the Sikh Emperor, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] who accepted him as his son along with [[Kashmira Singh]].

	His son, Jagjoth Singh was born in 1844 and was granted a half-share of a large jagir in Baraich, Oudh, after the annexation. He was a great philanthropist and public benefactor, who performed valuable services to the government during the Second Afghan War. He had a ~~issue~~ Amar Singh. (''b''. 1876).		His son, Jagjoth Singh was born in 1844 and was granted a half-share of a large jagir in Baraich, Oudh, after the annexation. He was a great philanthropist and public benefactor, who performed valuable services to the government during the Second Afghan War. He had a son Amar Singh. (''b''. 1876).

	After the assassination of [[Maharaja]] [[Sher Singh]], he made a bid for the throne of the [[Sikh Empire]].		After the assassination of [[Maharaja]] [[Sher Singh]], he made a bid for the throne of the [[Sikh Empire]].

->GillRomesLado at 01:19, 26 October 2021

2021-10-26T01:19:53Z

New page

{{Short description|Sikh prince}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| birth_date = 1821
| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab]], [[Sikh Empire]]
| death_date = 1845
| death_place = [[Baraich]], [[Oudh]]
| spouse = Uttara Kanwar
| issue = Jagjoth Singh.
| father = [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]
| mother = Rani Daya Kaur
}}
'''Kunwar Pashaura Singh'''
(1821 – 11 September 1845) (also spelled ''Peshawara Singh'') Sometimes styled as ''Shahzada'' was the younger son of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and Rani Daya Kaur.<ref name=Pashaura>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Pashaura Singh Kanvar (1821-1845) |last1=Khurana |first1=J. S. |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>

He is said to be the son of a slave girl in the household of Rani Daya Kaur by Jai Ram, a shopkeeper in Lahore.<ref>{{Citation|title=Howell, David Arnold, (28 June 1890–11 May 1953), Principal, Punjab College of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, since 1951|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238856|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Howie|first=R.A.|date=April 2001|title=Collins Wild Guide: Rocks & Minerals |location=London |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/s0026461x00033181|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=65|issue=2|pages=322–322|doi=10.1180/s0026461x00033181|issn=0026-461X}}</ref> He was procured by Daya Kaur and presented to the Sikh Emperor, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] who accepted him as his son.

His son, Jagjoth Singh was born in 1844 and was granted a half-share of a large jagir in Baraich, Oudh, after the annexation. He was a great philanthropist and public benefactor, who performed valuable services to the government during the Second Afghan War. He had a issue Amar Singh. (''b''. 1876).

After the assassination of [[Maharaja]] [[Sher Singh]], he made a bid for the throne of the [[Sikh Empire]].

To hide from his political rivals and avoid assassination, he took refuge in British territory, from 1844 to 1845. He then returned to the [[Punjab]], revolted, and was pardoned several times.

He was eventually strangled to death by [[Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana]] and [[Chattar Singh Attariwalla|Sardar Chattar Singh Attariwalla]], at [[Attock]], while in safe custody, 11 September 1845.

He had only one son, Sardar Jagjoth Singh.

==Emergence as a contender for the throne==
Little is recorded about the early life of Pashaura Singh during the reigns of Ranjit Singh and his first four successors. After the assassination, on 15 September 1843, of Maharaja [[Sher Singh]] and his vizier [[Dhian Singh|Raja Dhian Singh Dogra]], the [[Khalsa]] proclaimed [[Duleep Singh]] as Maharaja and Dhian Singh’s son, Hira Singh Dogra, as vizier.

Later that year, Pashaura Singh and his elder brother, [[Kashmira Singh]], were recorded as having joined the camp of the holy men, Baba Bir Singh at '''Nauraṅgābād''', near [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Tāran]]. The camp had become the centre of [[Sikh]] revolt against the dominance of the [[Dogras]] and was a base for several Sikh sardars and commanders and a volunteer army of 1,200 [[musketeers]] and 3,000 [[cavalry]].<ref name=Bir>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Bir Singh Baba (1768-1844) |last1=Khurana |first1=J. S. |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref> In May 1844, Hira Singh despatched a force of 20,000 men and 50 cannons under the command of Mian Labh Singh to destroy Baba Bir Singh’s camp. Baba Bir Singh told his men not to fight "How can we attack our brethren?” he said. He was killed by a shell while meditating over the Holy Book. [[Kashmira Singh]] was also killed in the cannonade, but Pashaura Singh escaped.<ref name=Bir/>

Pashaura Singh visited [[Lahore]] later in 1844 in an unsuccessful attempt to form an alliance with Hira Singh, who, however had his own problems. He had lost favour with the Khalsa, because of several unpopular actions, including: his involvement in the death of Baba Bir Singh, his confiscation of the [[jagir]]s of some of the army commanders, and his attempt to poison the Regent, Maharani [[Jind Kaur]]. He escaped from Lahore with several loads of gold and silver stolen from the treasury, but was pursued by the Khalsa army, who killed him on 21 December 1844.<ref name=Hira>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Hira Singh Dogra (1816-1844) |last1=Sukhdev Singh Charak |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>

==Renewed bid for the throne==
During the second half of 1844, Pashaura Singh travelled around the [[Punjab]] seeking support against the [[Dogras]]. He crossed the [[Sutlej River]] and visited the British cantonment at [[Firozpur|Ferozepur]]. However, the British were unresponsive, being already in negotiation with [[Gulab Singh|Gulab Singh Dogra]], brother of [[Dhian Singh]].<ref name=Pashaura/>

On learning of the death of Hira Singh, Pashaura Singh returned to Lahore on 1 January 1845. He was received with honour and goodwill in the court, and was offered presents of jewels, elephants and horses. Some of the army commanders proposed that he should be made Maharaja in place of the six-year-old Duleep Singh. However, some influential members of the Supreme Council of the Khalsa and the regimental committees supported the young Maharaja and his mother, Maharani Jind Kaur. They requested him to return to his estates, with a promise of an increase in his jagir, and the Khalsa army ordered him to leave Lahore.<ref name=Pashaura/>

A new vizier, the Maharani’s brother, [[Jawahar Singh (wazir)|Jawahar Singh Aulakh]], was appointed on 14 May 1845 and immediately despatched artillery against a force being assembled by Pashaura Singh. The Prince capitulated, but was allowed to go free.

==Attock rebellion==
Two months later, in July 1845, Pashaura Singh took the fort of [[Attock]] with a handful of [[Pashtun people|Pathan]] followers and declared himself to be the ruler of the Punjab. He raised fresh levies and, with the money that the fort yielded to him, tried to obtain help from the chiefs within the kingdom, from [[Jhelum|Jehlum]] to [[Khyber Pass|Khaibar]], and even opened negotiations with [[Dost Mohammad Khan|Dost Muhammad]].

After hearing of the rebellion in Attock, Jawahar Singh Aulakh ordered [[Chattar Singh Attariwalla]] and [[Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana]] to recapture the fort and defeat Pashaura Singh. The prince was forced to surrender the fort on 30 August 1845 and place himself at the disposal of Chattar Singh, after receiving assurances of safe passage to [[Lahore]] and the retention of his estates at [[Sialkot]].

However, Jawahar Singh Aulakh considered that the Prince posed too great of a threat to his nephew, the young Maharaja, and sent instructions that Pashaura Singh be disposed of immediately. The prince was secretly removed from his personal bodyguard on 11 September 1845, and taken back by Fateh Khan Tiwana to Attock where he was strangled to death. For his part in this, Jawahar Singh Aulakh was speared to death by the Khalsa army on 21 September 1845 in front of his sister, the agonised Maharani.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Jawahar Singh (1814-1845) |last1=Khurana |first1=J. S. |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |accessdate=4 September 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
[http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/sikh-political-figures/pashaura-singh-kanvar.html Pashaura Singh, Kanvar] The Sikh Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 November 2011.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Pashaura}}
[[Category:History of Sikhism]]
[[Category:People of the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:Sikh warriors]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:History of Punjab]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan|Punjab]]
[[Category:1845 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1821 births]]