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{{Short description|Indian geochemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Parthasarathi Chakraborty
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|10|24}}
| birth_place = [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Environmental chemistry]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]] | [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]]}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of North Bengal]] | [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]] | [[Carleton University]] | [[Wageningen University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Metal Speciation and Environmental Geochemistry
| awards = {{ublist| 2013 [[Ministry of Mines (India)|MoM]] National Geoscience Award| 2015 [[Indian Geophysical Union|IGU]] M. S. Krishnan Medal| 2018 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}

'''Parthasarathi Chakraborty''' is an Indian environmental geochemist, a former senior scientist at the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography]] and an associate professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]][[National Institute of Oceanography, India|, India]]. Chakraborty is known for his studies in the field of [[environmental chemistry|Environmental Chemistry]]. He made contributions to the field of Environmental Geochemistry, which has facilitated our understanding of metal-natural ligand interactions in natural and marine environments. He is a recipient of the National Geoscience Award-2015 and an elected fellow of the [[Indian Geophysical Union]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 2018.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=535 |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
Parthasarathi Chakraborty, born on 24 October 1976 in [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]] India, graduated in chemistry with honors from the [[University of North Bengal]] in 1998 and continued at the institution to earn a master's degree in inorganic chemistry in 2000.<ref name="Profile on National Institute Of Oceanography">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_researcherdisplay/task/show/tid/2/sid/69/rid/1225 |title=Profile on National Institute Of Oceanography |date=2018-12-23 |website=www.nio.org |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> Subsequently, he secured an M-Tech in industrial [[catalysis]] from [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]] in 2002 and moved to Canada for doctoral studies, earning a PhD in Chemistry (specialisation in analytical environmental chemistry) from [[Carleton University]] in 2007. He did his post-doctoral work at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science of [[Wageningen University]] for one year. He returned to India in 2008 to join the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]].<ref name="Profile on National Institute Of Oceanography" /> After working in the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]] for 10 years, Chakraborty moved and started working in [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Research and contributions ==
The major contributions made by Chakraborty in the field of Environmental Geochemistry (particularly in the field of trace and toxic metal speciation in marine systems) are described below:

Since the marine systems are dynamic in nature and never at chemical equilibrium, He realized that a chemical-equilibrium-based approach to metal speciation would give wrong estimates of labile metal concentrations (which are widely correlated with [[ecotoxicity]]) in marine sediments. He improved kinetics-based approaches to understand metals speciation and their bioavailability in estuarine/coastal and deep sea systems. His research focuses on developing and applying a wide range of kinetic methods for chemical speciation in marine/estuarine sediment systems, each with its own characteristic timescale of measurement. An important achievement of his research is to advance the science of metal speciation by identifying the analytical timescale of measurement as the critical parameter for defining the chemical species in the coastal and marine sediment system. The ability of the speciation techniques (multi-method approach) to provide a chemically significant description of the kinetics of metal-natural ligands interaction in sediment suggests that the metal and ligand exchange reactions precede mainly by the disjunctive mechanism (complete dissociation of ML), a fundamental process in coastal marine systems. He showed that kinetics-based approach provides the actual metal speciation instead of the current practice of chemical equilibrium speciation. This kinetic based is expected to promote wider acceptance of the approach by regulatory agencies.

He has demonstrated the effects of Ligand Field Stabilization Energy, water exchange rate, Jahn Teller distortion of transition metals on their speciation and bioavailability in estuarine and coastal sediments. This is the first time that these effects have been described in sediments. This research is directly relevant for researchers in geochemistry as it will help provide a better understanding of metal–natural ligand interactions in marine environments.

By realising the [[global catastrophic risk]] in the near future, many developing countries have already signed the treaty to reduce Hg use and its release to control environmental Hg pollution. However, how to reduce the impact of climate change on Hg pollution is not truly known. Climate change is anticipated to increase Earth's average temperature and influence overall patterns and amounts of precipitation. Climate change has been proclaimed to increase Hg pollution even if anthropogenic Hg emission remains constant. Therefore, increasing anthropogenic Hg release with climate change is expected to intensify the detrimental effects of Hg in the developing countries. He took the challenge to understand Hg-natural ligands interaction with an aim to reduce Hg pollution in marine systems. He showed that sedimentary Hg concentrations around India are low and not alarming. He identified that sedimentary organic matter can be an important factor in controlling Hg distribution and its bioavailability in coastal marine systems.

The outcomes of his research have enormously contributed to the field of environmental geochemistry and oceanic biogeochemistry. Two of his research articles are the most cited articles in "Marine Chemistry" and "Chemical Geology" journals (the two most respected international journals in Chemical and geological oceanography) since 2012, (extracted from Scopus).

Chakraborty has published a number of articles,{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles, has listed 57 of them.<ref name="Parthasarathi Chakraborty on ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Parthasarathi_Chakraborty |title=Parthasarathi Chakraborty on ResearchGate |date=2018-12-23 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> He is a former associate member of the Working Group 139 (Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean) and works as an associate member of SCOR-145 (Chemical Speciation Modelling in Seawater to Meet 21st Century Needs).<ref name="Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean – Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)">{{Cite web |url=https://scor-int.org/group/139/ |title=Organic Ligands – A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean – Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) |date=2018-12-23 |website=scor-int.org |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> He is associated with several scientific Societies and is as an associate editor of the [[Elsevier]] journal, ''Marine Pollution Bulletin''.

== Awards and honors ==
Chakraborty was selected for the National Geoscience Award-2013 of the [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]] in 2015.<ref name="Narendra Singh Tomar Announces the Winners of the National Geoscience Awards 2013">{{Cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117930 |title=Narendra Singh Tomar Announces the Winners of the National Geoscience Awards 2013 |date=2018-12-23 |website=pib.nic.in |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref name="President Pranab Mukherjee confers prestigious National Geoscience Awards for 2013 upon twenty three geoscientists">{{Cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117997 |title=President Pranab Mukherjee confers prestigious National Geoscience Awards for 2013 upon twenty three geoscientists |date=2018-12-23 |website=pib.nic.in |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> He received the M. S. Krishnan Medal of the [[Indian Geophysical Union]] in 2015.<ref name="Dr Parthasarathi Chakraborty selected for MS Krishnan Medal 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_newsdisplay/task/view/tid/4/sid/23/nid/383 |title=Dr Parthasarathi Chakraborty selected for MS Krishnan Medal 2015 |date=2018-12-23 |website=National Institute of Oceanography |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> Chakraborty was bestowed with the IAGC Kharaka Award (USA) in 2017. He also received ISAG Medal-2017 for his contribution in Environmental Geochemistry. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2018.<ref name="Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=547 |title=Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |date=2018-12-23 |website=ssbprize.gov.in |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref name="NIO scientist to get award from PM - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/nio-scientist-to-get-award-from-pm/articleshow/66046670.cms |title=NIO scientist to get award from PM - Times of India |date=3 October 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* Chakraborty, P., Babu, P.R. and Sarma, V.V., 2012. A study of lead and cadmium speciation in some estuarine and coastal sediments. ''Chemical Geology'', ''294'', pp. 217–225.
*Chakraborty, P., Sarkar, A., Vudamala, K., Naik, R. and Nath, B.N., 2015. Organic matter—a key factor in controlling mercury distribution in estuarine sediment. ''Marine Chemistry'', ''173'', pp. 302–309.
*Chakraborty, P., Ramteke, D., Chakraborty, S. and Nath, B.N., 2014. Changes in metal contamination levels in estuarine sediments around India–an assessment. ''Marine pollution bulletin'', ''78''(1-2), pp. 15–25.
*Chakraborty, P., Babu, P.R., Vudamala, K., Ramteke, D. and Chennuri, K., 2014. Mercury speciation in coastal sediments from the central east coast of India by modified BCR method. ''Marine pollution bulletin'', ''81''(1), pp. 282–288.
*Chakraborty, P., Chakraborty, S., Jayachandran, S., Madan, R., Sarkar, A., Linsy, P. and Nath, B.N., 2016. Effects of bottom water dissolved oxygen variability on copper and lead fractionation in the sediments across the oxygen minimum zone, western continental margin of India. ''Science of the Total Environment'', ''566'', pp. 1052–1061.
*Chakraborty, P., 2017. Mercury exposure and Alzheimer's disease in India - An imminent threat?. ''Science of the Total Environment'', ''589'', pp. 232–235.
* {{Cite journal |date=2010-07-01 |title=Stress and toxicity of biologically important transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) on phytoplankton in a tropical freshwater system: An investigation with pigment analysis by HPLC |journal=Chemosphere |language=en |volume=80 |issue=5 |pages=548–553 |doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.039 |pmid=20493512 |issn=0045-6535|last1=Chakraborty |first1=Parthasarathi |last2=Raghunadh Babu |first2=P.V. |last3=Acharyya |first3=Tamoghna |last4=Bandyopadhyay |first4=Debasmita |bibcode=2010Chmsp..80..548C }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Chuni L. |last2=Murimboh |first2=John |last3=Fasfous |first3=Ismail I. |last4=Chakraborty |first4=Parthasarathi |date=2007-05-01 |title=Simultaneous determination of speciation parameters of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in model solutions of Suwannee River fulvic acid by pseudopolarography |journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |language=en |volume=388 |issue=2 |pages=463–474 |doi=10.1007/s00216-007-1185-3 |pmid=17333145 |s2cid=34187569 |issn=1618-2650}}
*Chakraborty, P., 2010. Study of cadmium–humic interactions and determination of stability constants of cadmium–humate complexes from their diffusion coefficients obtained by scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques. ''Analytica chimica acta'', ''659''(1-2), pp. 137–143.
* {{Cite journal |date=2015-04-15 |title=Geochemical partitioning of Cu and Ni in mangrove sediments: Relationships with their bioavailability |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |language=en |volume=93 |issue=1–2 |pages=194–201 |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.016 |pmid=25748786 |issn=0025-326X|last1=Chakraborty |first1=Parthasarathi |last2=Ramteke |first2=Darwin |last3=Chakraborty |first3=Sucharita |bibcode=2015MarPB..93..194C }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Biogeochemistry]]
* [[Ligand (biochemistry)]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Chemistry}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/meet-the-winners-of-this-years-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-prize-for-science-and-technology/articleshow/66010856.cms |title=Meet the winners of this year's Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for science and technology |last=30 Sep |first=Bangalore Mirror Bureau |date=30 September 2018 |website=Bangalore Mirror |access-date=2018-12-23}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Parthasarathi}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:University of North Bengal alumni]]
[[Category:Cochin University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Carleton University alumni]]
[[Category:Wageningen University and Research alumni]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Parthasarathi Chakraborty - Revision history

Gyani24: made the stub initial version - done