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removed Category:1887 in British India; added Category:1887 establishments in British India using HotCat

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{{Infobox hospital
| Name = Parsi Lying-in Hospital
| Org/Group =
| Image =
| Caption =
| Location =[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| Region =
| State =
| Country = India
| Coordinates = {{coord|18.935883|72.832588|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
| Type = Specialist
| speciality = [[Maternity hospital]]
| Beds = 50 in 1895
| Founded = 1887
| Closed = 1960s
| Website = None
| map_type =
| map_caption =
|}}
The '''Parsi Lying-in Hospital''' (PLIH), also known as '''Temulji's Lying-in Hospital''', sometimes spelled '''Tehmulji's Lying-in Hospital''', was one of the first [[maternity hospital]]s in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (now Mumbai). It was co-founded by physician and obstetrician [[Temulji Bhicaji Nariman]] in 1887 and completed in 1895. Dwindling numbers of [[Parsi]] births in the latter half of the 20th century led to its closure.

==Origins==
During the 19th century, Bombay's Parsi women had largely given birth at home, confined to poorly ventilated and unsanitary conditions.<ref name="Zoroastrian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-motherhood-matters-2027008|title=Motherhood Matters|date=17 October 2014|work=DNA India|access-date=31 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1887, obstetrician and dean of [[Grant Medical College]], Temulji Nariman, concerned about the prevalence of [[puerperal fever]], founded the PLIH.<ref name="Pandya2018">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_N0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258&dq=Temulji+Narima#q=Temulji%20Narima|title=Medical Education in Western India: Grant Medical College and Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy's Hospital|last=Pandya|first=Sunil|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-5275-1805-6|pages=258|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Rammana2007>{{Cite journal|last=Ramanna|first=Mridula|date=2007|title=Maternal Health in Early Twentieth Century Bombay|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=42|issue=2|pages=138–144|jstor=4419135}}</ref>

The hospital was initially located in a small house facing the ocean in the [[Marine Lines]]. It was run by Nariman as the Parsi Maternity Asylum and established Nariman's name in the community.<ref name=Patel2015/> Shortly, however, a plot was bought from the government on the esplanade in the Hornby Estate of Mumbai.<ref name="Dwivedi1999">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTRuAAAAMAAJ&dq=parsi+lying+in+hospital+1887|title=Fort walks: around Bombay's Fort area|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Sharada|last2=Mehrotra|first2=Rahul|publisher=Eminence Designs|year=1999|isbn=9788190060233|pages=132|language=en}}
</ref><ref name="Chopra2011"/><ref name=Patel2015/> The building was designed by [[Muncherji Murzban]],<ref name=Murzban>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/why-this-cama-building-bagged-a-unesco-heritage-award/17602174|title=Why this Cama Building bagged a UNESCO heritage award|date=11 September 2016|work=mid-day|access-date=21 November 2018|language=en}}</ref> a key figure in the [[Bombay Municipal Corporation]]<ref name="Zoroastrian"/> who was inspired by the [[Peabody estates]] of London<ref name=Patel2015>{{Cite book|url=http://bombaywalla.org/docs/simin-patel-dphil-dissertation-2015.pdf|title=Cultural Intermediaries in a Colonial City, The Parsis of Bombay c. 1860-1921, PhD Thesis|last=Patel|first=Simin|publisher=Baliol College, University of Oxford|year=2015}}</ref> and who oversaw the construction of the building. It was completed in 1895 at a cost 105,000 [[Indian rupee|rupees]] but by 1914, the total cost had increased to 130,541 rupees.<ref name="Chopra2011">{{cite book|last=Chopra|first=Preeti |title=A Joint Enterprise: Indian Elites and the Making of British Bombay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jhTiCnh6RqAC&pg=PA103|year=2011|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-7036-9|page=103}}</ref> Fakirjee Dinshaw served as the contractor.<ref name=Patel2015/> It was one of the city's first maternity hospitals<ref name="Rammana2012" /><ref name=Nariman1941>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA0AAAAMAAJ&q=temulji|title=Dr. Sir Temulji Bhicaji Nariman Kt: A Short Sketch of His Life|last=Nariman|first=Sam D.|date=1941|publisher=Printed at Mody's Diamond Print. Works|pages=34|language=en}}</ref> built in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style.<ref name="Zoroastrian"/> Arranged around a courtyard, it could accommodate 50 women.<ref name="Chopra2011"/> It became popularly known as Temuljinu Suvarvakhana (Temulji’s lying-house).<ref name=Patel2015/>

==Early years==
Previously, during their confinement, women had been located in the darkest and dampest corners of the house on the ground floor where sewage gases could contribute to ill-health.<ref name=Kettrdge1889>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/39002011128098.med.yale.edu|title=A short history of the "Medical women for India" fund of Bombay|last=Kittredge|first=George A.|date=1889|publisher=Bombay, Education Society's Press|others=Cushing/Whitney Medical Library Yale University|pages=[https://archive.org/details/39002011128098.med.yale.edu/page/9 9]–10}}</ref> The PLIH, however, located women on upper floors with better hygiene and more space.<ref name=Patel2015/> The hospital acquired a reputation for cleanliness and the availability of midwives and clean linen. New mothers stayed for more than a month<ref name="Zoroastrian"/> and it was felt by the Parsi community that it fulfilled an unmet need.<ref name="Chopra2011"/><ref name=Kreyenbroek2001>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHvNuQhH1GYC&pg=PA71|title=Living Zoroastrianism: Urban Parsis Speak about their Religion|last=Kreyenbroek|first=Philip G.|date=2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-1328-8|language=en}}</ref>

Temulji Nariman became symbolic of "Parsi motherhood".<ref name=Rammana2012>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm14U_6JVwoC&pg=PA93|title=Health Care in Bombay Presidency, 1896-1930|last=Ramanna|first=Mridula|publisher=Primus Books|year=2012|isbn=978-93-80607-24-5|pages=93|language=en}}</ref> He was the hospital's honorary secretary and chief physician at the time of the opening ceremony on 11 January 1895, and he encouraged the wealthier Parsis to allow those poorer to make use of its placements. The fee structure had three tiers. The third class received free treatment, the second class paid 1.80 rupees per day and first class paid 3 rupees per day. A refundable deposit was also taken.<ref name=Patel2015/>

Within the first four years, about 1,750 patients had been treated<ref name=Patel2015/> and by the turn of the 20th century, Parsi women had three hospitals to choose from within the district of the Esplanade, the [[Bomanjee Edaljee Allbless Obstetric Hospital]], the [[Pestanjee Hormusjee Cama Hospital for Women and Children]] and the PLIH.<ref name=Patel2015/>

Among notable Parsis born at the PLIH, were [[Feroze Gandhi]] in 1912.<ref name="Bhushan2008">{{cite book|author=[[Shashi Bhushan]]|title=Feroze Gandhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwFbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54|year=2008|publisher=Frank Bros. & Co.|isbn=978-81-8409-494-7|page=8}}</ref> [[Jamsetji Tata]] was a committee member.<ref name=ParsiMay2018>{{Cite news|url=https://parsikhabar.net/bombay/tehmulji-parsi-lying-in-hospital-may-be-demolished/671/|title=Tehmulji Parsi Lying-In Hospital May be Demolished|date=14 May 2007|work=Parsi Khabar|access-date=24 November 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Later years==
In the early 21st century there were plans to convert the grade 2B listed building<ref name=ParsiMay2018/> into an orthopaedic hospital,<ref name="Zoroastrian"/> however, in 2015 the first floor was being used as offices and the remainder of the building was empty.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://parsi-times.com/archives/Volume%2005%20%282015-2016%29/ParsiTimes_Vol5-Iss02_2015.05.02jq.pdf|title=Parsi High Court|date=2015|work=Parsi Times|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1895]]
[[Category:Maternity hospitals in India]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi culture]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1887]]
[[Category:Gothic Revival architecture in India]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in British India]]

Parsi Lying-in Hospital - Revision history

imported>BrownHairedGirl: removed Category:1887 in British India; added Category:1887 establishments in British India using HotCat