Parliament of Pakistan - Revision history

Adarshatva at 10:38, 16 June 2026

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	{{Short description\|Bicameral federal legislature of Pakistan}}		{{Short description\|Bicameral federal legislature of Pakistan}}
	{{Use ~~Pakistani~~ English\|date=January 2019}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2019}}
	{{Infobox legislature		{{Infobox legislature
	\| name = Parliament of Pakistan		\| name = Parliament of Pakistan

Adarshatva: /* Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 */

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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973

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	Subsequently, due to profound political differences, East Pakistan seceded to become Bangladesh. On 20 December 1971, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto assumed the presidency and became the first civil Chief Martial Law Administrator.		Subsequently, due to profound political differences, East Pakistan seceded to become Bangladesh. On 20 December 1971, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto assumed the presidency and became the first civil Chief Martial Law Administrator.
	=== Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 ===		=== Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 ===
			The inaugural session of the National Assembly, postponed due to East Pakistan's separation, convened on 14 April 1972 at the State Bank Building, Islamabad. This session included all 144 Members from West Pakistan and two representatives from former East Pakistan—Mr. Noor-ul-Amin and Raja Tridev Roy, who had chosen to align with Pakistan. On 17 April 1972, the National Assembly adopted the Interim Constitution, establishing a Presidential form of Government and prohibiting dissolution before 14 August 1973. The Interim Constitution comprehensively addressed power distribution between the Centre and Provinces.

			Simultaneously, the Assembly established a Constitution Committee on 17 April 1972 to draft the first constitutional framework. The committee presented its report and draft Constitution on 31 December 1972. The Assembly unanimously passed the draft on 10 April 1973, with presidential authentication following on 12 April 1973. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 was promulgated on 14 August 1973, with Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto assuming the Prime Ministership and Mr. Fazal Illahi Choudhary taking the presidential oath.

			The 1973 Constitution established a parliamentary system concentrating executive authority in the Prime Minister's office, with the President representing national unity at the apex. This marked Pakistan's transition from a unicameral to bicameral federal legislature, comprising the President, Senate, and National Assembly. Initially, the National Assembly comprised 200 general seats plus 10 reserved for women (totaling 210), while the newly created Senate contained 63 members. Subsequent amendments in 1985 through Presidential Order No. 14 of 1985 increased the National Assembly to 237 members (adding seven general seats and ten reserved for women) and expanded the Senate to 87 members, with ten seats exclusively reserved for minorities through separate electorate.

			Under the 1973 Constitution, National Assembly members serve five-year terms unless dissolved earlier. Assembly seats are allocated to provinces and other federal units based on population. The constitutional provision for 20 special seats for women lapsed in 1990, reducing the Assembly's strength from 237 to 217 members. Despite the five-year constitutional mandate, Mr. Z.A. Bhutto announced early dissolution on 07 January 1977, advising presidential dissolution on 10 January 1977. Elections were conducted on 07 March 1977, with opposition allegations of electoral rigging leading to boycott of Provincial Assembly elections and non-acceptance of results. This political crisis culminated in Martial Law imposition by Army Chief General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq on 05 July 1977.

	== References==		== References==

Adarshatva: /* 1960 Constitution Commission */

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1960 Constitution Commission

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 However, the absence of political party regulation and floor crossing controls resulted in persistent political instability. Despite scheduled general elections for early 1959, President Iskandar Mirza abrogated the constitution, dissolved both chambers, and imposed Martial Law on 7 October 1958, appointing General Muhammad [[Ayub Khan]] as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Subsequently, on 26-27 October 1958, Ayub Khan removed Mirza and exiled him to England.
 === 1960 Constitution Commission ===
 == References==

Adarshatva: /* 1955 Second Constituent Assembly */

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1955 Second Constituent Assembly

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	=== 1955 Second Constituent Assembly ===		=== 1955 Second Constituent Assembly ===

			The second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was constituted on May 28, 1955, pursuant to Governor General's Order No. 12 of 1955, with Provincial Assemblies serving as the electoral college. The Assembly comprised 80 members, evenly distributed between [[East Pakistan]] and [[West Pakistan]]. One of its principal achievements was the establishment of West Pakistan ([[One Unit Scheme\|One Unit]]) to create parity between the two wings of the country, alongside its primary accomplishment of delivering Pakistan's first constitution in 1956 under Prime Minister [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]].

			The constitutional draft was introduced on 9 January 1956, passed on 29 February 1956, and received Governor General's assent on 2 March 1956, becoming effective from 23 March 1956. Under this framework, Pakistan was designated an Islamic Republic, with 23 March commemorated as Republic Day, coinciding with the 1940 Pakistan Resolution adoption at [[Minto Park]], [[Lahore]]. On 5 March 1956, Major General [[Iskandar Mirza]] became Pakistan's first [[President of Pakistan\|President]], with the constitution establishing a parliamentary system concentrating executive authority in the Prime Minister's office. The President served as Head of State, elected by National and Provincial Assembly members for a five-year term, generally acting on the Prime Minister's advice except in discretionary matters. The 1956 constitution established a unicameral Parliament consisting of the President and a 300-member National Assembly (150 each from East and West Pakistan), with five seats reserved for women in each wing for a decade, totaling 310 members.

			However, the absence of political party regulation and floor crossing controls resulted in persistent political instability. Despite scheduled general elections for early 1959, President Iskandar Mirza abrogated the constitution, dissolved both chambers, and imposed Martial Law on 7 October 1958, appointing General Muhammad [[Ayub Khan]] as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Subsequently, on 26-27 October 1958, Ayub Khan removed Mirza and exiled him to England.
			=== 1960 Constitution Commission ===

	== References==		== References==

Adarshatva at 08:23, 16 June 2026

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	=== Creation ===		=== Creation ===
	The [[All-India Muslim League]]], since the mid-twentieth century, advocated for a separate homeland predicated on the [[Two-nation theory]]. The British authorities ultimately acknowledged the Muslim demand that Hindus and Muslims constituted separate and distinct nations and socio-cultural entities, leaving them with no alternative but to accept this position. On 3 June 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, convened a conference with all Indian leaders and communicated his Government's planned transfer of power. Subsequently, a notification published in the [[Gazette of India]] on 26 July 1947, established the first Constituent Assembly of the proposed state of Pakistan, initially comprising 69 members (later expanded to 79, including one female representative).		The [[All-India Muslim League]], since the mid-twentieth century, advocated for a separate homeland predicated on the [[Two-nation theory]]. The British authorities ultimately acknowledged the Muslim demand that Hindus and Muslims constituted separate and distinct nations and socio-cultural entities, leaving them with no alternative but to accept this position. On 3 June 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, convened a conference with all Indian leaders and communicated his Government's planned transfer of power. Subsequently, a notification published in the [[Gazette of India]] on 26 July 1947, established the first Constituent Assembly of the proposed state of Pakistan, initially comprising 69 members (later expanded to 79, including one female representative).

	The Pakistan was formally created under the [[Indian Independence Act of 1947]], which designated the existing Constituent Assemblies as dominion legislatures. These assemblies were granted all powers previously exercised by the Central Legislature, supplemented by authority to frame a new Constitution, with all territories to be governed under the [[Government of India Act 1935]] until constitutional completion. The inaugural session of Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly convened on 10 August 1947, at the Sindh Assembly Building in [[Karachi]].		The Pakistan was formally created under the [[Indian Independence Act of 1947]], which designated the existing Constituent Assemblies as dominion legislatures. These assemblies were granted all powers previously exercised by the Central Legislature, supplemented by authority to frame a new Constitution, with all territories to be governed under the [[Government of India Act 1935]] until constitutional completion. The inaugural session of Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly convened on 10 August 1947, at the Sindh Assembly Building in [[Karachi]].
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	On 14 August 1947, the Transfer of Power ceremony took place, with Lord Mountbatten, Governor General of India, addressing the Constituent Assembly of the newly created Pakistan. Jinnah responded to this address, establishing the foundational principles of the Pakistani state. On 15 August 1947, Jinnah was sworn in as Pakistan's first Governor General, administered by Mian Sir Abdur Rashid, Chief Justice of Pakistan, a position he held until his death on 11 September 1948.		On 14 August 1947, the Transfer of Power ceremony took place, with Lord Mountbatten, Governor General of India, addressing the Constituent Assembly of the newly created Pakistan. Jinnah responded to this address, establishing the foundational principles of the Pakistani state. On 15 August 1947, Jinnah was sworn in as Pakistan's first Governor General, administered by Mian Sir Abdur Rashid, Chief Justice of Pakistan, a position he held until his death on 11 September 1948.

			=== 1949 Objectives Resolution ===
			The primary responsibility confronting the first Constituent Assembly was the formulation of a constitution for the nascent nation. On 7 March 1949, the Objectives Resolution was introduced by Prime Minister Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan, subsequently adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 12 March 1949. This resolution now functions as Pakistan's foundational legal framework. Concurrently, a 24-member Basic Principles Committee was established on the same date to prepare a constitutional draft based on the Objectives Resolution.

			On 16 October 1951, Liaquat Ali Khan, the Objectives Resolution's proponent, was assassinated, with Khawaja Nazimuddin assuming the premiership on 17 October 1951. The final constitutional draft was completed in 1954, by which time Muhammad Ali Bogra had become Prime Minister. However, immediately preceding the draft's presentation for parliamentary approval, Governor General Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the Assembly on 24 October 1954. The Prime Minister was not dismissed but was required to administer the government with a reconstituted Cabinet until elections could be conducted.

			Maulvi Tamizuddin, Assembly President, contested this dissolution before the Sindh Chief Court, prevailing in his case. The Government subsequently appealed to the Federal Court, where Chief Justice Muhammad Munir delivered the landmark judgment ruling against Maulvi Tamizuddin.

			According to Nigel Kelly's account, the Objectives Resolution was presented on 12 March 1949, by Khwaja Nazimuddin and Liaquat Ali Khan alongside 25 Basic Principles Committee members. The resolution articulated several objectives, including establishing an independent legal system separate from governmental control, while incorporating references to Islamic principles.

			=== 1955 Second Constituent Assembly ===

	== References==		== References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

Adarshatva: /* History */Creation

2026-06-16T08:21:09Z

History: Creation

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 The National Assembly's composition features approximately 80 percent directly elected Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) through citizen voting in single-member constituencies employing the first-past-the-post electoral system. The remaining 20 percent consist of reserved seats allocated to women and religious minorities based on respective political parties' parliamentary standing. Senators are elected by members of provincial assemblies through proportional representation, with four senators specifically representing the federal capital. As of 2024, the Parliament maintains a total strength of 432 members, comprising 336 MNAs and 96 senators. The electoral terms differ between the houses, with MNAs serving five-year terms while senators serve six-year terms.
 == References==
 {{Reflist}}

Adarshatva: /* Notes */

2026-06-16T05:55:54Z

Notes

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	<references group="A"/>		<references group="A"/>
	<references group="lower-alpha"/>		<references group="lower-alpha"/>
			== Read also ==
			* [[History of Pakistan]]
			* [[History of Pakistan\|History of Pakistan (1047-Present)]]
			* [[List of wars involving Pakistan]]
			* [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts]]
			* [[Project-706\|Project 706]]

Adarshatva at 05:52, 16 June 2026

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	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	}}		}}
	~~{{Contains special characters\|Urdu}}~~
	~~{{Contains special character\|Hindi}}~~
	{{Politics of Pakistan}}		{{Politics of Pakistan}}

Adarshatva at 05:51, 16 June 2026

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	The National Assembly's composition features approximately 80 percent directly elected Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) through citizen voting in single-member constituencies employing the first-past-the-post electoral system. The remaining 20 percent consist of reserved seats allocated to women and religious minorities based on respective political parties' parliamentary standing. Senators are elected by members of provincial assemblies through proportional representation, with four senators specifically representing the federal capital. As of 2024, the Parliament maintains a total strength of 432 members, comprising 336 MNAs and 96 senators. The electoral terms differ between the houses, with MNAs serving five-year terms while senators serve six-year terms.		The National Assembly's composition features approximately 80 percent directly elected Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) through citizen voting in single-member constituencies employing the first-past-the-post electoral system. The remaining 20 percent consist of reserved seats allocated to women and religious minorities based on respective political parties' parliamentary standing. Senators are elected by members of provincial assemblies through proportional representation, with four senators specifically representing the federal capital. As of 2024, the Parliament maintains a total strength of 432 members, comprising 336 MNAs and 96 senators. The electoral terms differ between the houses, with MNAs serving five-year terms while senators serve six-year terms.

	== References ==		== References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	==Notes==		==Notes==
	<references group="A"/>		<references group="A"/>
	<references group="lower-alpha"/>		<references group="lower-alpha"/>

Adarshatva at 05:28, 16 June 2026

2026-06-16T05:28:22Z

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	{{Infobox legislature		{{Infobox legislature
	\| name = Parliament of Pakistan		\| name = Parliament of Pakistan
	\| native_name = {{nobold\|{{ubl\|{{lang\|ur\|{{Nastaliq\|مجلسِ شوریٰ پاکستان}}\|italics=off}}\|{{refn\|group=A\|name = a\|~~{{transliteration\|ur\|ALA-LC\|''~~Majlis-e-Shūrā Pākistān~~''}}~~ <br > '''''Nagarisation''''': मजलिस-ए-शूरा}} }}}}		\| native_name = {{nobold\|{{ubl\|{{lang\|ur\|{{Nastaliq\|مجلسِ شوریٰ پاکستان}}\|italics=off}}\|{{refn\|group=A\|name = a\| [[Romanisation]]: Majlis-e-Shūrā Pākistān <br > '''''Nagarisation''''': मजलिस-ए-शूरा}} }}}}
	\| transcription_name =		\| transcription_name =
	\| legislature =		\| legislature =