Parithimar Kalaignar - Revision history

JudithBehan6: expanded content based on references and cleaned formatting to improve readability

2026-02-07T13:05:35Z

expanded content based on references and cleaned formatting to improve readability

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:35, 7 February 2026
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	{{ infobox writer		{{ infobox writer
	\| name = ~~V. G.~~ Suryanarayana Sastri		\| name = Vilacheri Govinda Suryanarayana Sastri
	\| image = Parithimaar kalaignar.jpg		\| image = Parithimaar kalaignar.jpg
	\| imagesize =		\| imagesize =
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	\| pseudonym = Parithimar Kalaignar, ~~Dravida~~ Sastri		\| pseudonym = Parithimar Kalaignar, Sastri
	\| birth_name =		\| birth_name =
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1870\|07\|6}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1870\|07\|6}}
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	'''~~Parithimar Kalaignar''' (born '''V. G.~~ Suryanarayana Sastri''' ~~at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] on~~ 6 July 1870<ref>{{cite web\|title=PARITHIMAR KALAIGNAR NINAIVU ILLAM\|url=http://tndipr.gov.in/memorials/parithimarkalaignarninaivuillam.html\|website=Information and Public Relations Department, Tamil Nadu, India\|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> – 2 November 1903), a [[Professor]] of [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] at the [[Madras Christian College]], was the first person to campaign for the recognition of Tamil as a [[classical language]].<ref name="contributions_recalled">{{cite news \| title= Contributions of personalities to Tamil enrichment recalled \| date=18 August 2007 \| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108040000/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 8 January 2008 \| work= [[The Hindu]] \| access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref><ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1">{{cite news \| last= Saravanan \| first= T. \| title= Suryanarayana Sastri's house to be converted into a memorial \| date=11 September 2006 \| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080918002919/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 18 September 2008 \| work= [[The Hindu]] \| access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>		'''Vilacheri Govinda Suryanarayana Sastri''' (6 July 1870<ref>{{cite web\|title=PARITHIMAR KALAIGNAR NINAIVU ILLAM\|url=http://tndipr.gov.in/memorials/parithimarkalaignarninaivuillam.html\|website=Information and Public Relations Department, Tamil Nadu, India\|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> – 2 November 1903), better known by his pen name, '''Parithimar Kalaignar''', a [[Professor]] of [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] at the [[Madras Christian College]], was the first person to campaign for the recognition of Tamil as a [[classical language]].<ref name="contributions_recalled">{{cite news \| title= Contributions of personalities to Tamil enrichment recalled \| date=18 August 2007 \| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108040000/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 8 January 2008 \| work= [[The Hindu]] \| access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref><ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1">{{cite news \| last= Saravanan \| first= T. \| title= Suryanarayana Sastri's house to be converted into a memorial \| date=11 September 2006 \| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080918002919/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 18 September 2008 \| work= [[The Hindu]] \| access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>

	== Life ==		== Life ==

	Suryanarayana Sastri was born at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] in a [[Brahmin]] family.<ref name="tamil_nadu_endowments_department">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf \|title=TAMIL DEVELOPMENT – CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE 2006 – 2007, Demand No. 46 \|access-date=9 September 2008 \|publisher=Tamil Nadu Government \|year=2006–2007 \|author=M. Karunanidhi \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720083730/http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf \|archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref> He ~~graduated in~~ philosophy and was soon employed as a [[Professor]] of Tamil in the Madras Christian College. In 1895, Suryanarayana Sastri rose to become the Head of Department for Tamil at the Madras Christian College.<ref name="contributions_recalled" />		Suryanarayana Sastri was born at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] in a [[Brahmin\|Tamil Brahmin]] family to Govindan Sivan.<ref name="tamil_nadu_endowments_department">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf \|title=TAMIL DEVELOPMENT – CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE 2006 – 2007, Demand No. 46 \|access-date=9 September 2008 \|publisher=Tamil Nadu Government \|year=2006–2007 \|author=M. Karunanidhi \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720083730/http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf \|archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Suryanarayanan biography \|url=https://thefederal.com/features/did-tamil-reformist-shun-his-sanskrit-name-or-just-pick-a-nom-de-plume/}}</ref> He studied philosophy and after graduation was soon employed as a [[Professor]] of Tamil in the Madras Christian College. In 1895, Suryanarayana Sastri rose to become the Head of Department for Tamil at the Madras Christian College.<ref name="contributions_recalled" />

	== Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language ==		== Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language ==

	Suryanarayana Sastri had immense love for Tamil and wrote plenty of books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1"/> He even changed his Sanskrit name to its Tamil translation (although "Parithi" [[wikt: பரிதி\| பரிதி]] and "Kalai" [[wikt: கலை\| கலை]] are from Sanskrit परिधि and कला, respectively).<ref name="tamil_culture">{{cite book \| title=The Tamils and Their Culture\| last=Sastri\| first=K. S. Ramaswami\| year=1967\| pages=47\| publisher=Annamalai University\| location=Chennai \| isbn=81-7755-405-0}}</ref>		Suryanarayana Sastri had immense love for Tamil and wrote plenty of books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1"/> He even changed his Sanskrit name to its Tamil translation (although "Parithi" [[wikt: பரிதி\| பரிதி]] and "Kalai" [[wikt: கலை\| கலை]] are Dravidian loanwords from Sanskrit परिधि and कला, respectively).<ref name="tamil_culture">{{cite book \| title=The Tamils and Their Culture\| last=Sastri\| first=K. S. Ramaswami\| year=1967\| pages=47\| publisher=Annamalai University\| location=Chennai \| isbn=81-7755-405-0}}</ref>

	When the [[Madras University]] proposed to exclude Tamil from its syllabus, Parithimar Kalaignar vehemently protested against the proposal forcing the authorities to drop the move.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /> In 1902, he proposed that Tamil be designated as a "classical language" thereby becoming the first person to make such a petition.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /> Parithimar Kalignar is also known as '''Dravida Sastri'''.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial2">{{cite news \| title= Parithimar Kalaignar' memorial opened \| date=1 November 2007 \| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102194627/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 2 November 2007 \| work= [[The Hindu]] \| access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>		When the [[Madras University]] proposed to exclude Tamil from its syllabus, Parithimar Kalaignar vehemently protested against the proposal forcing the authorities to drop the move.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /> In 1902, he proposed that Tamil be designated as a "classical language" thereby becoming the first person to make such a petition.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /> Parithimar Kalignar is also known as '''Dravida Sastri'''.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial2">{{cite news \| title= Parithimar Kalaignar' memorial opened \| date=1 November 2007 \| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102194627/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm \| url-status = dead \| archive-date = 2 November 2007 \| work= [[The Hindu]] \| access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>
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	Parithimar Kalaignar is regarded as an inspiration for Tamil enthusiasts as [[Maraimalai Adigal]] and the [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]].		Parithimar Kalaignar is regarded as an inspiration for Tamil enthusiasts as [[Maraimalai Adigal]] and the [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]].

	In 2006, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared Parithimar Kalaignar's house in his native village of Vilacheri as a memorial and sanctioned a sum of ~~rupees 15 lakh~~ towards nationalizing his books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /><ref name="nationalization">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm \|title=Budget Speech 2007–2008 \|access-date=9 September 2008 \|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924210632/http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm \|archive-date=24 September 2008 }}</ref>		In 2006, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared Parithimar Kalaignar's house in his native village of Vilacheri as a memorial and sanctioned a sum of {{INRConvert\|1.5\|m\|year=2006\|lk=r}} towards nationalizing his books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /><ref name="nationalization">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm \|title=Budget Speech 2007–2008 \|access-date=9 September 2008 \|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924210632/http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm \|archive-date=24 September 2008 }}</ref>

	On 17 August 2007, postage stamps were issued in memory of Saint Vallalar, Parithimar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /><ref name="stamp_journal">{{cite journal \| author=Madhukar Jhingan, Savita Jhingan\| title=The News, Views, & Features on Philately & Postal Services of India\| journal=Stamps of India Collectors Companion\| year=2007\| issue=303\| page=2\| url=http://www.stampsofindia.com/newssite/Download/303.pdf}}</ref>		On 17 August 2007, postage stamps were issued in memory of Saint Vallalar, Parithimar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /><ref name="stamp_journal">{{cite journal \| author=Madhukar Jhingan, Savita Jhingan\| title=The News, Views, & Features on Philately & Postal Services of India\| journal=Stamps of India Collectors Companion\| year=2007\| issue=303\| page=2\| url=http://www.stampsofindia.com/newssite/Download/303.pdf}}</ref>

	On 13 December 2006, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, [[M. Karunanidhi]] extended an amount of Rs. ~~15 lakh~~ to the Tamil scholar's descendants.<ref name="descendants_donation">{{cite news \| title= பரிதிமாற் கலைஞர் வாரிசுகளுக்கு ரூ15 லட்சம் (CM extends help to Parithimar Kalaignar's family) \| date=14 December 2006 \| url = ~~http~~://~~thatstamil~~.oneindia.in/news/2006/12/02/cm.html \| work =Greynium Informnation Technologies Pvt. Ltd. \| language=ta \|access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>		On 13 December 2006, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, [[M. Karunanidhi]] extended an amount of {{INRConvert\|1.5\|m\|year=2006}} to the Tamil scholar's descendants.<ref name="descendants_donation">{{cite news \| title= பரிதிமாற் கலைஞர் வாரிசுகளுக்கு ரூ15 லட்சம் (CM extends help to Parithimar Kalaignar's family) \| date=14 December 2006 \| url = https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2006/12/02/cm.html \| work =Greynium Informnation Technologies Pvt. Ltd. \| language=ta \|access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	[[Category:Tamil writers]]		[[Category:Tamil writers]]
	[[Category:People from Madurai district]]		[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
			[[Category:Writers from British India]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-05-11T23:42:50Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 05:12, 12 May 2022
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	{{Short description\|~~Indian~~ writer (1870–1903)}}		{{Short description\|Tamil writer (1870–1903)}}
	{{Redirect-synonym\|Kalaignar\|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}		{{Redirect-synonym\|Kalaignar\|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
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	[[Category:Tamil writers]]		[[Category:Tamil writers]]
	[[Category:People from Madurai district]]		[[Category:People from Madurai district]]

>Dgpop: /* Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language */ MOS:NOTED

2021-06-12T00:39:37Z

Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language: MOS:NOTED

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{{Short description|Indian writer (1870–1903)}}
{{Redirect-synonym|Kalaignar|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{ infobox writer
| name = V. G. Suryanarayana Sastri
| image = Parithimaar kalaignar.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym = Parithimar Kalaignar, Dravida Sastri
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|07|6}}
| birth_place = Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]], [[Madura District (Madras Presidency)|Madura District]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1903|11|02|1870|08|11}}
| death_place = [[Madras]], British India
| occupation = Tamil ''pundit''
| language = [[Tamil Language|Tamil]]
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
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}}
'''Parithimar Kalaignar''' (born '''V. G. Suryanarayana Sastri''' at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] on 6 July 1870<ref>{{cite web|title=PARITHIMAR KALAIGNAR NINAIVU ILLAM|url=http://tndipr.gov.in/memorials/parithimarkalaignarninaivuillam.html|website=Information and Public Relations Department, Tamil Nadu, India|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> – 2 November 1903), a [[Professor]] of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] at the [[Madras Christian College]], was the first person to campaign for the recognition of Tamil as a [[classical language]].<ref name="contributions_recalled">{{cite news | title= Contributions of personalities to Tamil enrichment recalled | date=18 August 2007 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108040000/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 8 January 2008 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref><ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1">{{cite news | last= Saravanan | first= T. | title= Suryanarayana Sastri's house to be converted into a memorial | date=11 September 2006 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080918002919/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 18 September 2008 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>

== Life ==

Suryanarayana Sastri was born at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] in a [[Brahmin]] family.<ref name="tamil_nadu_endowments_department">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf |title=TAMIL DEVELOPMENT – CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE 2006 – 2007, Demand No. 46 |access-date=9 September 2008 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government |year=2006–2007 |author=M. Karunanidhi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720083730/http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref> He graduated in philosophy and was soon employed as a [[Professor]] of Tamil in the Madras Christian College. In 1895, Suryanarayana Sastri rose to become the Head of Department for Tamil at the Madras Christian College.<ref name="contributions_recalled" />

== Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language ==

Suryanarayana Sastri had immense love for Tamil and wrote plenty of books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1"/> He even changed his Sanskrit name to its Tamil translation (although "Parithi" [[wikt: பரிதி| பரிதி]] and "Kalai" [[wikt: கலை| கலை]] are from Sanskrit परिधि and कला, respectively).<ref name="tamil_culture">{{cite book | title=The Tamils and Their Culture| last=Sastri| first=K. S. Ramaswami| year=1967| pages=47| publisher=Annamalai University| location=Chennai | isbn=81-7755-405-0}}</ref>

When the [[Madras University]] proposed to exclude Tamil from its syllabus, Parithimar Kalaignar vehemently protested against the proposal forcing the authorities to drop the move.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /> In 1902, he proposed that Tamil be designated as a "classical language" thereby becoming the first person to make such a petition.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /> Parithimar Kalignar is also known as '''Dravida Sastri'''.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial2">{{cite news | title= Parithimar Kalaignar' memorial opened | date=1 November 2007 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102194627/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 November 2007 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>

Parithimar Kalaignar was also the first to use the Tamil name ''Kumarinadu'' for the mythical lost-land of [[Lemuria (continent)|Lemuria]].<ref name="lemuria">{{cite book | title=Fabulous Geographies Catastrophic Histories: The Lost Land of Lemuria| last=Ramaswamy| first=Sumathi| year=2005| pages=104| publisher=Orient Longman| isbn=978-81-7824-110-4}}</ref>

== Death ==

Paritihimar Kalaignar died in 1903 due to [[tuberculosis]]<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /> at the age of 33.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial2" />

== Legacy ==
[[File:Parithimar Kalaignar 2007 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Kalaignar on a 2007 stamp of India]]
Parithimar Kalaignar is regarded as an inspiration for Tamil enthusiasts as [[Maraimalai Adigal]] and the [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]].

In 2006, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared Parithimar Kalaignar's house in his native village of Vilacheri as a memorial and sanctioned a sum of rupees 15 lakh towards nationalizing his books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /><ref name="nationalization">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm |title=Budget Speech 2007–2008 |access-date=9 September 2008 |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924210632/http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm |archive-date=24 September 2008 }}</ref>

On 17 August 2007, postage stamps were issued in memory of Saint Vallalar, Parithimar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /><ref name="stamp_journal">{{cite journal | author=Madhukar Jhingan, Savita Jhingan| title=The News, Views, & Features on Philately & Postal Services of India| journal=Stamps of India Collectors Companion| year=2007| issue=303| page=2| url=http://www.stampsofindia.com/newssite/Download/303.pdf}}</ref>

On 13 December 2006, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, [[M. Karunanidhi]] extended an amount of Rs. 15 lakh to the Tamil scholar's descendants.<ref name="descendants_donation">{{cite news | title= பரிதிமாற் கலைஞர் வாரிசுகளுக்கு ரூ15 லட்சம் (CM extends help to Parithimar Kalaignar's family) | date=14 December 2006 | url = http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/news/2006/12/02/cm.html | work =Greynium Informnation Technologies Pvt. Ltd. | language=ta |access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]]

== References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Parithimar Kalaignar}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Parithimar Kalaignar}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalaignar, Parithimar}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1903 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil-language writers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language activists]]
[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]