150.129.101.53: Parappanad was not part of Travancore

2021-10-29T15:03:51Z

Parappanad was not part of Travancore

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
'''Parappanad''' was a former feudal city-state in [[Zamorin|Malabar]], [[India]].<ref>Logan, William (2006). Malabar Manual, Mathrubhumi Books, Calicut. {{ISBN|978-81-8264-046-7}}</ref> The headquarters of Parappanad Royal family was at the town [[Parappanangadi]] in present-day [[Malappuram district]]. In 1425, the country divided into Northern Parappanad (Beypore kingdom) and Southern Parappanad (Parappur Swarupam). Southern Parappanad included parts of [[Tirurangadi Taluk Office|Tirurangadi Taluk]] and the town [[Parappanangadi]]. Northern Parappanad (Beypore kingdom or Karippa Kovilakam) included Panniyankara, Beypore, and Cheruvannur of Kozhikkode Taluk. Parappanad royal family is a cousin dynasty of the [[Travancore royal family]].

==History==
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
The kingdom of Parappanad had right over [[Vallikkunnu]]-[[Kadalundi]]-[[Chaliyam]]-[[Beypore]] region, which is often identified with the ancient maritime trading port of [[Tyndis]], which was a major center of trade, next only to [[Muziris]], between the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]]s and the [[Roman Empire]], during [[Sangam period]] (1st-4th century CE).<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="Malabar">A Survey of Kerala History (A. Shreedhara Menon</ref> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </ref>

According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who converted to Islam during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], Madayi, [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayini]], and [[Chaliyam]] (just opposite to Vallikkunnu), were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref> It is believed that [[Malik Dinar]] was died at [[Thalangara]] in [[Kasaragod]] town.<ref name="ch">Pg 58, Cultural heritage of [[Kerala]]: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978</ref> [[Chaliyam]] lies in Parappanad.

Parappanad Kingdom was a dependent of the [[Zamorin of Calicut]]. [[Parappanangadi]] was an important trade centre under the Zamorin, best known for the trade with [[Arab]] merchants during the medieval period. In the 16th century, Parappanad saw the Portuguese invasion. In 1573-74, [[Parappanangadi]] town was burnt by the Portuguese. In the middle of the 18th century, the Royal Family of the Parappanad Kingdom went to Travancore due to the invasion of [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. The [[Koyi Thampuran|Koyi Thampurans]] (aristocratic houses in Travancore who provided spouses for the Travancore princesses) are believed to be descendants of this lineage.

They were one of the ''Kshatriya'' claiming lineages of medieval Kerala along with the [[Kingdom of Tanur|neighbouring ''Vettathunad'' rulers]] and the [[Cochin royal family|Cochin Royal Family]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Unni|first=K. Raman|date=1961-05-31|title=Caste in south Malabar a study of social stratification in south Malabar|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/60261|journal=Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|language=en|pages=108|via=Shodhganga}}</ref> A major portion of the oldest railway line of Kerala laid in 1861 from [[Tirur]] to [[Chaliyam]] through [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], [[Parappanangadi]], [[Vallikkunnu]], and [[Kadalundi]] lies in Parappanad.
===Lakshmipuram Palace===
{{See also|Lakshmipuram Palace}}
[[Lakshmipuram Palace]] is the royal palace of the Parappanad royal families at [[Changanassery]]. Parappanad was originally the ruling family of [[Parappanangadi]] in present-day [[Malappuram district]]. Palace is located at [[Puzhavathu]] near to Kavil Bhagavathy Temple.<ref>P. Shungoonny Menon - A HISTORY OF TRAVANCORE - First edition: 1878 , New edition: 1983, Page 130, 131 - {{ISBN|978-8170200406}}</ref> The Lakshmipuram Palace was built in 1811 AD by Travancore ruler [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi|Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi]] (1791–1815) on behalf of the family of her husband [[Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran|Raja Raja Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran]].<ref>The Travancore State Manual Vol 1 to 4; Publisher : Kerala Council for Historical Research; {{ISBN|8185499268}}; Edition : 1996; Pages: 2500; Author:T.K. Velu Pillai; Editor:S.Raimon; Category:Manuals; Year of Publishing:1940</ref> Until then, the royal family at the [[Neerazhi Palace]] in Changanacherry had been moved to newly built Lakshmipuram Palace.<ref>Encyclopedia of Tourism Resources in India; Author: Dr. Manohar Sajnani, Published in 2001, Published by: Kalpaz Publications; Address: C-30, Satyawati Nagar, Phase-III, Ashok Vihar, Delhi-110052, {{ISBN|81-7835-014-9}} (set), {{ISBN|81-7835-018-1}} (Vol II)</ref>

One of the royal families from Parappanad settled in Neerazhi Palace in the 18th century.<ref>Menon, P Shungoonny (1878). History of Travancore from the Earliest Times by P Shungoonny Menon (Dewan Peishcar of Travancore). 105, Mount Road, Madras: Higginbotham and Company. pp. 152, 153.</ref>

[[Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran]], father of [[Travancore]] [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]], was born in Neerazhi Palace in Changanassery. He was part of the royal family of erstwhile Parappanad (Parappangadi and Beypore), [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]].<ref>Visakham Thirunal - Editor: Lennox Raphael Eyvindr - {{ISBN|9786139120642}}</ref> [[Gowri Lakshmi Bayi|Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi]] built a new palace in Changanassery for her husband and his family members during her reign in 1811, which was called [[Lakshmipuram Palace]]. Until then, the royal family lived in Neerazhi Palace at [[Puzhavathu]].<ref>History of Travancore from the Earliest Times - P. Shungoonny Menon - {{ISBN|8120601696}} - Published By: Asian Educational Services</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Visakham Thirunal |year=2012 |editor1=Lennox Raphael Eyvindr |pages=168 |isbn=978-6139120642}}</ref>
===Kilimanoor palace and Travancore royal house===

The estate of Kilimanoor originally belonged to a [[Pillai (Kerala title)|Pillai]] ruling chief and was forfeited to Travancore by Maharaja Marthanda Varma. The estate comprising several villages was then handed over to the family of the father of the King who had come south from Parappanad in Malabar around 1718. <ref>(See page 4 in Madras Presidency Records, 1915, Supt , Government Press, Madras.) </ref>
===Kilimanoor palace===
{{See also|Kilimanoor palace}}
In 1705 ([[Malayalam era|ME]] 880) the son and two daughters of Ittammar Raja of Parappanad royal house were adopted into the Royal house of [[Venad]]. Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married the now adopted sisters. [[Marthanda Varma]], the founder of the Kingdom of [[Travancore]], was the son of Raghava Varma. The nephew<ref>Sister's son. According to the matrilineal system prevalent at that time children born of the female members only belonged to that house.</ref> of Raghava Varma, Ravi Varma Koil Thampuran, married the sister of Marthanda Varma. Their son became known as [[Dharma Raja]] Kartika Thirunnal Rama Varma.

In 1740 when an allied force,<ref>The forces were from Kochi, Thekkumkoor, Deshinganad (present kollam) and Purakkad who had enmity towards Marthanda Varma</ref> led by Dutchman Captain Hockert supporting the Deshinganadu King, attacked Venad, an army from Kilimanoor resisted and then defeated them. Although a small victory, this was the first time an Indian army had defeated a European power. In 1753, in recognition of this feat, Marthanda Varma exempted the areas controlled by the Kilimanoor palace<ref>Most of the area under the present Kilimanoor and ''Pazhayakunnummel'' [[panchayat]]s.</ref> from taxes, and granted them autonomous status.<ref>Although under his kingdom</ref> The present palace complex was built at this time, together with the Ayyappa temple.<ref>The original temple being at ''Nerumkaithakotta'', near Kozhikode</ref> for the family deity, ''Sastha'' or Ayyapan.<ref>It is also said{{by whom|date=November 2012}} Shaastha and Ayyappa are different</ref>

[[Velu Thampi Dalawa|Velu Thampi]] [[Dewan|Dalawa]] held meetings at Kilimanoor palace while planning uprisings against the British. He handed over his sword at the palace before going into his final battle against the British, and India's first President, Dr [[Rajendra Prasad]] received this sword from the palace and it was kept in the [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]] in [[Delhi]]. Afterwards the sword was moved to the Napier Museum, Trivandrum.
[[File:studiorrv.jpg|thumb|right|Birthplace of [[Raja Ravi Varma]] with his studio in the foreground]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Feudal states of Kerala}}
{{Malabar}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Feudal states of Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Kozhikode district]]

Parappanad - Revision history

150.129.101.53: Parappanad was not part of Travancore