Paranjothi - Revision history

Gunerstorm.bot at 04:02, 10 September 2026

2026-09-10T04:02:11Z

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	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}}~~
	~~{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}~~
	~~{{refimprove\|date=October 2013}}~~
	'''Paranjothi''' ({{lang-ta\|பரஞ்சோதி}}), popularly known as '''Siruthondar''' was an army general of the great Pallava king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman I]] who ruled South India from 630–668 CE. He also led the [[Pallava]] army during the [[Battle of Vatapi\|invasion of Vatapi]] in 642 CE. In the later years of his life, Paranjothi gave up violence and became a wandering [[Saivite]] monk, Siruthonda nayanar. He is venerated as one of the 63 [[Nayanmars]].		'''Paranjothi''' ({{lang-ta\|பரஞ்சோதி}}), popularly known as '''Siruthondar''' was an army general of the great Pallava king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman I]] who ruled South India from 630–668 CE. He also led the [[Pallava]] army during the [[Battle of Vatapi\|invasion of Vatapi]] in 642 CE. In the later years of his life, Paranjothi gave up violence and became a wandering [[Saivite]] monk, Siruthonda nayanar. He is venerated as one of the 63 [[Nayanmars]].

2401:4900:CCEF:DDC6:380F:9FF:FE41:5366: Added source for the disputed second sack of Vatapi (Kanisetti, p. 120).

2026-09-07T06:48:15Z

Added source for the disputed second sack of Vatapi (Kanisetti, p. 120).

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	== Conquest of Vatapi ==		== Conquest of Vatapi ==
	King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated\| author=Kalki\| year=1946\| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami\|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II\|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami\|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.<ref>Zvelebil, K. V. (2021). ''Lexicon of Tamil Literature''. Leiden: Brill, p. 157. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H9QVEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 Google Books].</ref>		King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated\| author=Kalki\| year=1946\| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami\|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II\|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami\|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.<ref>Zvelebil, K. V. (2021). ''Lexicon of Tamil Literature''. Leiden: Brill, p. 157. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H9QVEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 Google Books].</ref>

			According to K. A. Nilakanta Sastri and Romila Thapar, the Pallavas, following their victory over Vikramaditya I at Peruvalanallur, carried the war into Chalukya territory and sacked Vatapi (Badami) for a second time.<ref>Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. ''A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar''. p. 147. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16035/page/147 Internet Archive].</ref><ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath. ''Ancient Indian History and Civilization''. New Age International, 1999, p. 363. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA363 Google Books].</ref><ref>Kalidos, Raju. ''History and Culture of the Tamils: From Prehistoric Times to the President's Rule''. 1976, p. 89. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zG1uAAAAMAAJ Google Books].</ref><ref>Thapar, Romila. ''The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300'', p. 331.</ref> Later Tamil tradition attributes this expedition to the Pallava general Paranjothi. However, Anirudh Kanisetti, in Lords of the Deccan, disputes the historicity of a second sack of Vatapi, noting that Chalukya records do not mention such an event and suggesting that the Pallavas may instead have raided Chalukya territory before being repelled by Vinayaditya.<ref>Kanisetti, Anirudh. ''Lords of the Deccan: Southern India from the Chalukyas to the Cholas''. Juggernaut, 2022, p. 120.</ref>



	== Vatapi Ganapathi ==		== Vatapi Ganapathi ==

2401:4900:CCEF:DDC6:380F:9FF:FE41:5366: Added Citation

2026-09-07T06:09:29Z

Added Citation

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	{{cquote\|"He would render always such service befitting his nature To the Lord’s devotees; he was the close aid to his Flawless king and for his sake he waged and won Many a war by leading the elephantry; by annexing The several countries of the hostile kings, He flourished well in the company Of his king who was great in the strength of his chariots.For his king he led an army to the north and razed To the ground the hoary city [[Badami\|Vaataapi]] in a battle; He led his hill-like tuskers of great trunks And won the war; he captured and returned with heaps Of gems and riches, herds of tuskers and also Horses and such-like innumerable trophies of war;These he brought before his royal liege."<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Puranam of Siruthonda Nayanar \|url=https://shaivam.org/devotees/the-puranam-of-siruthonda-nayanar/ \|website=Shaivam.org \|access-date=6 September 2026}}</ref>}}		{{cquote\|"He would render always such service befitting his nature To the Lord’s devotees; he was the close aid to his Flawless king and for his sake he waged and won Many a war by leading the elephantry; by annexing The several countries of the hostile kings, He flourished well in the company Of his king who was great in the strength of his chariots.For his king he led an army to the north and razed To the ground the hoary city [[Badami\|Vaataapi]] in a battle; He led his hill-like tuskers of great trunks And won the war; he captured and returned with heaps Of gems and riches, herds of tuskers and also Horses and such-like innumerable trophies of war;These he brought before his royal liege."<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Puranam of Siruthonda Nayanar \|url=https://shaivam.org/devotees/the-puranam-of-siruthonda-nayanar/ \|website=Shaivam.org \|access-date=6 September 2026}}</ref>}}
	== Conquest of Vatapi ==		== Conquest of Vatapi ==
	King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated\| author=Kalki\| year=1946\| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami\|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II\|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami\|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.		King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated\| author=Kalki\| year=1946\| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami\|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II\|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami\|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.<ref>Zvelebil, K. V. (2021). ''Lexicon of Tamil Literature''. Leiden: Brill, p. 157. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H9QVEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 Google Books].</ref>

	== Vatapi Ganapathi ==		== Vatapi Ganapathi ==

2401:4900:CCEF:DDC6:380F:9FF:FE41:5366: Added quotes based on Periyapuraman with Citation

2026-09-07T05:55:52Z

Added quotes based on Periyapuraman with Citation

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:25, 7 September 2026
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	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
	Paranjothi, was born in Chengattankudi (now Thiruchenkkatukudi) village of [[Nagapattinam]] district, Tamil Nadu in a 'Maamaathirar Clan' during the 7th century AD. Tamil Nadu was ruled by [[Mahendravarman I]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.enotes.com/mahendravarman-salem/mahendravarman \|title=Mahendravarman I Biography - Encyclopedia of the Ancient World \|publisher=Enotes.com \|access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref> of the [[Pallava dynasty]] with [[Kanchipuram]] as its capital.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Periya Puranam \| url=https://archive.org/details/rastamil2 \|author=Sekkizhar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \| title=Mamallapuram and the Pallavas\|author=Michael Lockwood}}</ref> Paranjothi, who had mastered the art of war moves to Kanchipuram to learn literature and saivite scriptures, Kanchipuram was then a renowned knowledge capital in India.		Paranjothi, was born in Chengattankudi (now Thiruchenkkatukudi) village of [[Nagapattinam]] district, Tamil Nadu in a 'Maamaathirar Clan' during the 7th century AD. Tamil Nadu was ruled by [[Mahendravarman I]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.enotes.com/mahendravarman-salem/mahendravarman \|title=Mahendravarman I Biography - Encyclopedia of the Ancient World \|publisher=Enotes.com \|access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref> of the [[Pallava dynasty]] with [[Kanchipuram]] as its capital.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Periya Puranam \| url=https://archive.org/details/rastamil2 \|author=Sekkizhar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \| title=Mamallapuram and the Pallavas\|author=Michael Lockwood}}</ref> Paranjothi, who had mastered the art of war moves to Kanchipuram to learn literature and saivite scriptures, Kanchipuram was then a renowned knowledge capital in India.
			== Quotes ==
			According to the Periyapuranam, in the Siruthonda Nayanar Puranam, verses 3664–3665:
			{{cquote\|"He would render always such service befitting his nature To the Lord’s devotees; he was the close aid to his Flawless king and for his sake he waged and won Many a war by leading the elephantry; by annexing The several countries of the hostile kings, He flourished well in the company Of his king who was great in the strength of his chariots.For his king he led an army to the north and razed To the ground the hoary city [[Badami\|Vaataapi]] in a battle; He led his hill-like tuskers of great trunks And won the war; he captured and returned with heaps Of gems and riches, herds of tuskers and also Horses and such-like innumerable trophies of war;These he brought before his royal liege."<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Puranam of Siruthonda Nayanar \|url=https://shaivam.org/devotees/the-puranam-of-siruthonda-nayanar/ \|website=Shaivam.org \|access-date=6 September 2026}}</ref>}}
	== Conquest of Vatapi ==		== Conquest of Vatapi ==
	King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated\| author=Kalki\| year=1946\| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami\|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II\|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami\|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.		King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated\| author=Kalki\| year=1946\| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I\|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami\|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II\|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami\|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I\|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.

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Vatapi Ganapathi: clean up

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	== Vatapi Ganapathi ==		== Vatapi Ganapathi ==
	During the dawn of war, Paranjothi worshipped a [[Ganesha]] sculpture on the walls of Vatapi fort. On the return from the victorious battlefield, he took the statue of Ganesha to his birthplace Tiruchenkattankudi to be worshipped as Vatapi Ganapathi. The statue and shrine to Vathapi Ganapathi is located in a temple in [[Ganapathi Temple, Thiruchengattankudi\|Tiruchenkattankudi]] in [[Nagapattinam ]] district in the Tamil Nadu state of India.		During the dawn of war, Paranjothi worshipped a [[Ganesha]] sculpture on the walls of Vatapi fort. On the return from the victorious battlefield, he took the statue of Ganesha to his birthplace Tiruchenkattankudi to be worshipped as Vatapi Ganapathi. The statue and shrine to Vathapi Ganapathi is located in a temple in [[Ganapathi Temple, Thiruchengattankudi\|Tiruchenkattankudi]] in [[Nagapattinam]] district in the Tamil Nadu state of India.

	== Sirutthondar ==		== Sirutthondar ==

imported>Marcocapelle: removed parent categories of Category:Nayanars

2021-05-24T09:43:54Z

removed parent categories of Category:Nayanars

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2013}}
'''Paranjothi''' ({{lang-ta|பரஞ்சோதி}}), popularly known as '''Siruthondar''' was an army general of the great Pallava king [[Narasimhavarman I|Narasimavarman I]] who ruled South India from 630–668 CE. He also led the [[Pallava]] army during the [[Battle of Vatapi|invasion of Vatapi]] in 642 CE. In the later years of his life, Paranjothi gave up violence and became a wandering [[Saivite]] monk, Siruthonda nayanar. He is venerated as one of the 63 [[Nayanmars]].

== Early life ==
Paranjothi, was born in Chengattankudi (now Thiruchenkkatukudi) village of [[Nagapattinam]] district, Tamil Nadu in a 'Maamaathirar Clan' during the 7th century AD. Tamil Nadu was ruled by [[Mahendravarman I]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/mahendravarman-salem/mahendravarman |title=Mahendravarman I Biography - Encyclopedia of the Ancient World |publisher=Enotes.com |access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref> of the [[Pallava dynasty]] with [[Kanchipuram]] as its capital.<ref>{{cite book | title=Periya Puranam | url=https://archive.org/details/rastamil2 |author=Sekkizhar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Mamallapuram and the Pallavas|author=Michael Lockwood}}</ref> Paranjothi, who had mastered the art of war moves to Kanchipuram to learn literature and saivite scriptures, Kanchipuram was then a renowned knowledge capital in India.

== Conquest of Vatapi ==
King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army.<ref>{{cite book | title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated| author=Kalki| year=1946| publisher=Pavai}}</ref> After the death of [[Mahendravarman I|Mahendravarman]] in 630 CE, his son [[Narasimhavarman I|Narasimavarman]] became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king [[Narasimhavarman I|Narasimavarman]]. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, lead his forces to [[Badami|Vatapi]] in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, [[Pulakeshin II|Pulakeshin]]. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and [[Badami|Vatapi]] was burnt to ground to avenge the defeat of [[Mahendravarman I|Mahendravarman]] by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.

== Vatapi Ganapathi ==
During the dawn of war, Paranjothi worshipped a [[Ganesha]] sculpture on the walls of Vatapi fort. On the return from the victorious battlefield, he took the statue of Ganesha to his birthplace Tiruchenkattankudi to be worshipped as Vatapi Ganapathi. The statue and shrine to Vathapi Ganapathi is located in a temple in [[Ganapathi Temple, Thiruchengattankudi|Tiruchenkattankudi]] in [[Nagapattinam ]] district in the Tamil Nadu state of India.

== Sirutthondar ==
On the victorious battle field Paranjothi underwent a change of heart and devoted himself to Lord Siva. Paranjothi became an ardent devotee of Lord Siva and was then called as Sirutthondar. He later became one of 63 Nayanmar Saints. Sirutthondar's life and devotion are narrated in Sekkizhar's [[Periya Puraanam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/01/stories/2010040152320900.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411020449/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/01/stories/2010040152320900.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-11 |title=Miscellaneous / Religion : Sirutthondar's devotion |date= April 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref>

==In Popular Culture==
Parnjothi is one of the prominent characters in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[historical fiction]] novel ''[[Sivagamiyin Sapatham]]'' by [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]]. This talks about the young years of Pranjothi where he raises in the ranks of the Pallava army and becomes the army general, his deeds in securing the Kachi fort from the imminent Vatapi invasion, his war on Vatapi Pulikesi and his eventual winm over the Chalukyas.

==Further reading==
* [[Parthiban Kanavu]]
* [[Sivagamiyin Sapatham|Sivagamiyin sabatham]]
* [[Ganapathi Temple, Thiruchengattankudi|Vatapi Ganapathi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite book | title=Sivagamiyin Sabatham: illustrated| author= Kalki Krishnamurthy| year=1946| publisher=Pavai Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ciYaAQAAIAAJ&q=sivagamiyin+sabatham|isbn = 81-7735-172-9| author-link= Kalki Krishnamurthy}}
*{{cite news|title=Siruthondar's devotion|author=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/Siruthondars-devotion/article16012379.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=April 2010}}
*{{cite web|title=Sivagami's Vow - The translation of Sivagamiyin Sabadham|url=http://sivagamiyin-sabadham.blogspot.in}}

{{Nayanars}}

[[Category:Nayanars]]
[[Category:7th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]