Paramardivarman (Chandela emperor) - Revision history

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	Although himself a [[Shaivite]], Paramardivarman was tolerant towards Buddhists, Jains and Vaishnavites. A copper-plate inscription shows that when he granted a village to a [[Brahmin]], he respected the rights of a Buddhist shrine located in that village. Several images of the Jain [[tirthankara]]s were set up at various places during his reign.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=151}} The best known of these are at the [[Aharji]] Jain Tirth Near [[Tikamgarh]].{{cn\|date=December 2020}} His minister Sallakshana commissioned a [[Vishnu]] temple.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=151}}		Although himself a [[Shaivite]], Paramardivarman was tolerant towards Buddhists, Jains and Vaishnavites. A copper-plate inscription shows that when he granted a village to a [[Brahmin]], he respected the rights of a Buddhist shrine located in that village. Several images of the Jain [[tirthankara]]s were set up at various places during his reign.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=151}} The best known of these are at the [[Aharji]] Jain Tirth Near [[Tikamgarh]].{{cn\|date=December 2020}} His minister Sallakshana commissioned a [[Vishnu]] temple.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=151}}
			==Personality==
			The Semra copper-plate inscription vaguely eulogizes Paramardi as someonoe who surpassed [[Kamadeva\|Makaradhvaja]] (the god of love) in handsomeness, the ocean in depth, the lord of heaven in majesty, [[Brihaspati]] in wisdom, and [[Yudhishthira]] in truthfulness.

	== References ==		== References ==

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 According to the ''Parmal Raso'', Paramardi ascended the throne at the age of 5 years. An [[Ajaygarh]] inscription appears to corroborate this claim: it states that Paramardi was a leader even as a child (''bāl-opi netā'').{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=140}}
-<mapframe text="[[Find spot]]s of the inscriptions from Paramardi's reign{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=119, 124}}" width="400" height="400" zoom="5" longitude="79.63" latitude="25.47">
+Several Chandela inscriptions also mention Paramardi, but these contain little historical information. For example, the Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription credits him with military victories and states that other kings bowed to him, but does not name any of these kings.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=141}} The Ajaygarh inscription of his grandson's wife Kalyanadevi similarly describes him as a universal sovereign, whose enemies were left in a pitiful condition.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=141}} Such claims of extensive conquests are not corroborated by historical evidence.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=143}}
 ===Names, status and titles===
-He is mentioned as Paramardivarman, Paramardivarmandeva, Paramardi[[deva (Hinduism)|deva]], Paramardin, Paramarddi in inscriptions. The medieval bardic legends such as [[Alha-Khand]] call him Paramala or Parimala. In modern [[vernacular]]s, he is also known as Paramardideva, Parmar, Paramal Deo and Parimal Chandel (because of [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages|schwa deletion]]). A gold coin issued by him, featuring a seated goddess, gives his name as ''Srimat Paramardi''.{{sfn|P. C. Roy|1980|pp=54-55}}
+He is mentioned as Paramardivarman, Paramardi[[deva (Hinduism)|deva]], Paramardin, Paramarddi in inscriptions. The medieval bardic legends such as [[Alha-Khand]] call him Paramala or Parimala. In modern [[vernacular]]s, he is also known as Paramardideva, Parmar, Paramal Deo and Parimal Chandel (because of [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages|schwa deletion]]). A gold coin issued by him, featuring a seated goddess, gives his name as ''Srimat Paramardi''.{{sfn|P. C. Roy|1980|pp=54-55}}
 The inscriptions from the first few years of Paramardi Varman's reign have been found at Semra (1165-1166 CE), [[Mahoba]] (1166-1167 CE), [[Ichhawar]] (1171 CE), Mahoba (1173 CE), Pachar (1176 CE) and [[Charkhari]] (1178 CE).{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=119}} All of these inscriptions use the imperial titles for him: ''Paramabhattaraka-[[Maharajadhiraja]]-Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara Shri-Kalanjaradhipati Shrimanmat Paramardivarman''. This indicates that Paramardi Varman retained the all territories of the Chandela of Jejakabhukti, that he had inherited from his grandfather Madanavarman.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=120}}

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Military career

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	===Against Kalachuris===		===Against Kalachuris===
	In 1182, Paramardivarman defeated and subdued Jayasimha, a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri\|Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. Paramardivarman's victory over the Kalachuris is attested by epigraphic records. An 1183 CE [[Mahoba]] inscription states that the lord of Tripuri, the Kalachuri capital, fainted upon hearing songs about Paramardivarman's bravery.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=143}}		In 1182, Paramardivarman defeated and subdued Jayasimha, a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri\|Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. Paramardivarman's victory over the Kalachuris is attested by epigraphic records. An 1183 CE [[Mahoba]] inscription states that the lord of Tripuri, the Kalachuri capital, fainted upon hearing songs about Paramardivarman's bravery.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=143}}

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 ==Military career ==
 ===Against Kalachuris===
 In 1182, Paramardivarman defeated and subdued Jayasimha, a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. Paramardivarman's victory over the Kalachuris is attested by epigraphic records. An 1183 CE [[Mahoba]] inscription states that the lord of Tripuri, the Kalachuri capital, fainted upon hearing songs about Paramardivarman's bravery.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=143}}

Vishvaksena at 21:54, 13 October 2026

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	'''~~Paramardivarman~~'''~~<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thapar \|first=Romila \|url=https~~://books.google.com/books?id=ScYJAQAAQBAJ&dq=paramardivarman&pg=PT671 \|title=The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India \|date=2013-11-04 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-72652-9 \|language=en}}</ref> (reigned {{circa}} 1165–1203~~), [[Nagari]]: परमार्दिवर्मन, [[IAST]]: Paramarddi Varman~~), also known as ~~Parmardideva~~, was the last great ~~emperor~~ of the [[Chandela~~\|Chandel~~ Empire]]. ~~He succeeded his father~~ [[~~Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)~~\|~~Yashovarman II~~]] ~~as the king~~ of ~~the~~ [[~~Chandelas of Jejakabhukti\|Jejakabhukti country~~]]. In 1182, [[Prithviraja ~~III\|Prithviraj Chauhan~~ III]] raided and plundered the ~~Madanpura city~~, ~~which~~ Paramardi ~~varman~~ recaptured ~~after defeating~~ [[~~Chahamanas of Shakambhari~~]] ~~in few months~~. ~~Paramardi signed~~ the ~~Treaty~~ of ~~Kalinjar around 1202–03 during the~~ [[~~Siege~~ of ~~Kalanjara (1203 CE)~~]] ~~by the Ghurid general Qutbuddin Aibak~~, ~~but~~ died ~~before~~ the ~~treaty was finalised~~.		'''Paramardi''' ([[Sanskrit]]: परमर्दी, {{circa}} 1165–1203), also known as '''Paramardi Varman''', was the last great king of the [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti\|Chandela Empire]]. His capital was [[Kalinjar fort\|Kalinjar]], which is part of present-day [[Banda district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. In 1182, [[Prithviraja III]] raided and plundered the [[Jejakabhukti\|Jejakabhukti country]] as far as Madanapur, but Paramardi retrieved the situation with amazing alacrity and recaptured all the lost territories from the [[Prithviraja III]] within a month. Epigraphical record mentioned that he subdued the rulers of [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]], Anga, [[Vanga\|Bengal]], [[Kalinga]]. He died in the siege of kalinjar 1203, when ghurid forces under [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] besieged his capital [[Kalanjara Fort]].

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==

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	In 1182, Paramardivarman defeated and subdued Jayasimha, a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri\|Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. Paramardivarman's victory over the Kalachuris is attested by epigraphic records. An 1183 CE [[Mahoba]] inscription states that the lord of Tripuri, the Kalachuri capital, fainted upon hearing songs about Paramardivarman's bravery.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=143}}		In 1182, Paramardivarman defeated and subdued Jayasimha, a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri\|Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. Paramardivarman's victory over the Kalachuris is attested by epigraphic records. An 1183 CE [[Mahoba]] inscription states that the lord of Tripuri, the Kalachuri capital, fainted upon hearing songs about Paramardivarman's bravery.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=143}}

	== Chahamana raid ==		=== Chahamana raid ===
	{{See also\|Chahamana raid on Jejakabhukti}}		{{See also\|Chahamana raid on Jejakabhukti}}
	In 1182 CE, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari\|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan~~]] Raided the Madanapur city of the Chandel empire.{{sfn~~\|~~Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}} According to Talbot, Prithviraj was unable to capture any Chandela territory and had to return after looting it, as indicated by his own Madanapur inscription of 1182 CE.~~		In 1182, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari\|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan\|Prithviraja III]] launched a raid into [[Jejakabhukti]] during the reign of [[Paramardi Varman]]. The Chahamana forces raided Chandela territory as far as [[Madanapur]], but the inscriptions of Prithviraj Chauhan themselves do not mention that [[Kalanjara]], the Chandela capital, was captured, conquered, or occupied, nor do they record the defeat of Paramardi. Paramardi Varman subsequently recovered the territory reached by the Chahamanas and repulsed their advance. The raid did not result in the permanent conquest or annexation of Jejakabhukti by the Chahamanas.
	~~===Bardic fictions===~~
	According to the medieval ballads, Prithviraj was returning to [[Delhi]] after marrying the daughter of Padamsen. During this journey, he was attacked by Turkic forces ([[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]]). The Chauhan army managed to repulse the attacks, but suffered serious casualties in the process. They lost their way, and arrived in the Chandela capital [[Mahoba]]. The Chauhan force, which had a number of wounded soldiers among them, unknowingly set up a camp in the Chandela royal garden. They killed the keeper of the garden for objecting to their presence. When Paramardi learned about this, he sent some soldiers to counter the Chauhan force. The Chandelas suffered heavy losses in the ensuing conflict. Paramardi then decided to send another force led by his general [[Udal of Mahoba\|Udal]] against Prithviraj. Udal advised against this proposal, arguing that it would not be appropriate to attack wounded soldiers or to antagonize a powerful king like Prithviraj. However, Paramardi was under the influence of his brother-in-law Mahil Parihar (Pratihara), who secretly harboured ill-will against the Chandelas. Mahil instigated Paramardi to go ahead with the attack plan. The Chandela force led by Udal then launched a ~~second attack against the Chauhan army, but was defeated. The situation subsided when Prithviraj left for Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=121}}~~

	~~Unable to bear Mahil Parihar's political scheming, Udal and his brother [[Alha]] left the Chandela court. They took shelter with~~ [[~~Jaichand~~]], the ~~[[Gahadavala]] ruler~~ of [[~~Kannauj~~]].{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=121}} Mahil then sent a secret message to Prithviraj Chauhan, informing him that the best generals of Paramardi had left Mahoba. Instigated by him, Prithviraj set out from Delhi in 1182 CE and marched to the Chandela territory ~~via~~ [[~~Gwalior~~]] ~~and [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh\|Bateshwar]]. First, he besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Malkhan, a cousin of Alha and Udal. Prithviraj tried to win over Malkhan~~, but ~~Malkhan remained loyal to Paramardi and fought against~~ the ~~invaders. After Malkhan killed eight generals~~ of ~~the invading army,~~ Prithviraj ~~himself took charge of the battle. The Chandelas ultimately lost the battle, and Malkhan was killed.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=122}}~~

	Prithviraj then started a march towards Mahoba. Facing an imminent defeat, Paramardi and his nobles sought a truce on the advice of his chief queen Malhan Devi. Prithviraj agreed to the truce, but remained encamped on the banks of the [[Betwa River]] in the Chandela territory. The Chandelas, meanwhile, requested Alha and Udal to come back from Kannauj.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=122}} The two brothers were initially hesitant, but agreed to return after their mother appealed them to honour their allegiance to the Chandelas. Jaichand dispatched an army led by his best generals, including two of his own sons, to support the Chandelas. Paramardi himself became nervous, and retreated to the [[Kalanjara]] ~~fort with some of his soldiers. His son Brahmajit~~, along with Alha and Udal, led the Chandela army against Prithviraj Chauhan. In the ensuing battle, the Chandelas were defeated. Brahmajit, Udal and the two sons of Jaichand were killed in the conflict. After his victory, Prithviraj sacked the Chandela capital ~~of Mahoba.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=123}}~~

	~~Next~~, ~~Prithviraj dispatched his general Chavand Rai to Kalanjara. The Chauhan army~~ captured ~~the fort~~, ~~took Paramardi as prisoner~~, ~~and marched back towards Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} According to the ''Parmal Raso''~~, ~~Alha's son Indal Kumar launched a surprise attack on~~ the ~~returning Chauhan army, and freed Paramardi. Out~~ of ~~shame,~~ Paramardi later committed suicide at the Gajraj temple.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} ''Parmal Raso'' states that his 50 wives committed [[sati (practice)\|sati]] (self-immolation) after his death.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=149}} According to [[Chand Bardai]], he retired to [[Gaya, India\|Gaya]] and died there.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} The ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' states that Prithviraj appointed Pajjun Rai as the governor of Mahoba. ~~Later,~~ Paramardi~~'s son Samarjit recaptured Mahoba with help of Narasimha, an officer of Jaichand. Samarjit then ruled~~ the territory ~~between Kalanjara~~ and ~~Gaya. However, no such prince is mentioned in the Chandela records~~.~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}}~~

	The exact historicity of this legendary narrative is unreliable. However, the claim of Chauhan occupation of Mahoba or Kalanjara by Chauhans is not supported by historical evidence.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}} Moreover, it is known that Paramardi did not ~~die~~ or retire immediately after the Chauhan victory. He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1183 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[Ajaygarh]] stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardi Varman, indicating that he remained a sovereign emperor. The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardi Varman ruled until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandela kingdom.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=125}} These evidences suggest that Paramardi Varman was never really lost his sovereignty, not was defeated by ~~Prithviraja, as well as he captured~~ the ~~occupied territories till Madanpur in a month. All these stories are nothing but a bardic fiction, propagated by Bhats via Prithviraja Raso and Parmalaraso~~. ~~{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=126}}~~

	==Ghurid invasion and death ==		==Ghurid invasion and death ==

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	== Chahamana raid ==		== Chahamana raid ==
			{{See also\|Chahamana raid on Jejakabhukti}}
	In 1182 CE, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari\|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] Raided the Madanapur city of the Chandel empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}} According to Talbot, Prithviraj was unable to capture any Chandela territory and had to return after looting it, as indicated by his own Madanapur inscription of 1182 CE.		In 1182 CE, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari\|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] Raided the Madanapur city of the Chandel empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}} According to Talbot, Prithviraj was unable to capture any Chandela territory and had to return after looting it, as indicated by his own Madanapur inscription of 1182 CE.
	===Bardic fictions===		===Bardic fictions===

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	'''Paramardivarman'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thapar \|first=Romila \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScYJAQAAQBAJ&dq=paramardivarman&pg=PT671 \|title=The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India \|date=2013-11-04 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-72652-9 \|language=en}}</ref> (reigned {{circa}} 1165–1203), [[IAST]]: ~~Paramardi~~), known as Parmardideva~~, and famous in folklores as Parmala, while Parimal in Hindu scriptures~~, was the last ~~greatest~~ emperor of the [[Chandela\|Chandel Empire]] ~~of Jejakabhukti~~. He succeeded his father [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman II]] as the king of the [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti\|Jejakabhukti country]]. In 1182, [[Prithviraja III\|Prithviraj Chauhan III]] raided and plundered the Madanpura city, which Paramardi varman recaptured after defeating [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] in few months. Paramardi signed the Treaty of Kalinjar around 1202–03 during the [[Siege of Kalanjara (1203 CE)]] by the Ghurid general Qutbuddin Aibak, but died before the treaty was finalised.		'''Paramardivarman'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thapar \|first=Romila \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScYJAQAAQBAJ&dq=paramardivarman&pg=PT671 \|title=The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India \|date=2013-11-04 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-72652-9 \|language=en}}</ref> (reigned {{circa}} 1165–1203), [[Nagari]]: परमार्दिवर्मन, [[IAST]]: Paramarddi Varman), also known as Parmardideva, was the last great emperor of the [[Chandela\|Chandel Empire]]. He succeeded his father [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman II]] as the king of the [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti\|Jejakabhukti country]]. In 1182, [[Prithviraja III\|Prithviraj Chauhan III]] raided and plundered the Madanpura city, which Paramardi varman recaptured after defeating [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] in few months. Paramardi signed the Treaty of Kalinjar around 1202–03 during the [[Siege of Kalanjara (1203 CE)]] by the Ghurid general Qutbuddin Aibak, but died before the treaty was finalised.

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==

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Chahamana raid

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	== Chahamana raid ==		== Chahamana raid ==
	In 1182 CE, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari\|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] ~~raided~~ the ~~madanapur~~ city of the Chandel empire~~. The Chandela records do not mention this invasion, presumably to avoid describing the humiliating defeat of their king~~.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}}		In 1182 CE, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari\|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] Raided the Madanapur city of the Chandel empire.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}} According to Talbot, Prithviraj was unable to capture any Chandela territory and had to return after looting it, as indicated by his own Madanapur inscription of 1182 CE.
	===Bardic fictions===		===Bardic fictions===
	According to the medieval ballads, Prithviraj was returning to [[Delhi]] after marrying the daughter of Padamsen. During this journey, he was attacked by Turkic forces ([[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]]). The Chauhan army managed to repulse the attacks, but suffered serious casualties in the process. They lost their way, and arrived in the Chandela capital [[Mahoba]]. The Chauhan force, which had a number of wounded soldiers among them, unknowingly set up a camp in the Chandela royal garden. They killed the keeper of the garden for objecting to their presence. When Paramardi learned about this, he sent some soldiers to counter the Chauhan force. The Chandelas suffered heavy losses in the ensuing conflict. Paramardi then decided to send another force led by his general [[Udal of Mahoba\|Udal]] against Prithviraj. Udal advised against this proposal, arguing that it would not be appropriate to attack wounded soldiers or to antagonize a powerful king like Prithviraj. However, Paramardi was under the influence of his brother-in-law Mahil Parihar (Pratihara), who secretly harboured ill-will against the Chandelas. Mahil instigated Paramardi to go ahead with the attack plan. The Chandela force led by Udal then launched a second attack against the Chauhan army, but was defeated. The situation subsided when Prithviraj left for Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=121}}		According to the medieval ballads, Prithviraj was returning to [[Delhi]] after marrying the daughter of Padamsen. During this journey, he was attacked by Turkic forces ([[Ghurid dynasty\|Ghurids]]). The Chauhan army managed to repulse the attacks, but suffered serious casualties in the process. They lost their way, and arrived in the Chandela capital [[Mahoba]]. The Chauhan force, which had a number of wounded soldiers among them, unknowingly set up a camp in the Chandela royal garden. They killed the keeper of the garden for objecting to their presence. When Paramardi learned about this, he sent some soldiers to counter the Chauhan force. The Chandelas suffered heavy losses in the ensuing conflict. Paramardi then decided to send another force led by his general [[Udal of Mahoba\|Udal]] against Prithviraj. Udal advised against this proposal, arguing that it would not be appropriate to attack wounded soldiers or to antagonize a powerful king like Prithviraj. However, Paramardi was under the influence of his brother-in-law Mahil Parihar (Pratihara), who secretly harboured ill-will against the Chandelas. Mahil instigated Paramardi to go ahead with the attack plan. The Chandela force led by Udal then launched a second attack against the Chauhan army, but was defeated. The situation subsided when Prithviraj left for Delhi.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=121}}

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Early life

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	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
			===Succession===
	Paramardi Varman's [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh\|Bateshvar]] inscription suggests that he succeeded his father [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]]. However, other Chandela inscriptions (including those of his own) suggest that he succeeded his grandfather [[Madanavarman]]. It is possible that Yashovarman ruled for a very short period, or did not rule at all, having died while Madanavarman was still alive.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=139-140}}		Paramardi Varman's [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh\|Bateshvar]] inscription suggests that he succeeded his father [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)\|Yashovarman]]. However, other Chandela inscriptions (including those of his own) suggest that he succeeded his grandfather [[Madanavarman]]. It is possible that Yashovarman ruled for a very short period, or did not rule at all, having died while Madanavarman was still alive.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|pp=139-140}}

	According to the ''Parmal Raso'', Paramardi ascended the throne at the age of 5 years. An [[Ajaygarh]] inscription appears to corroborate this claim: it states that Paramardi was a leader even as a child (''bāl-opi netā'').{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=140}}		According to the ''Parmal Raso'', Paramardi ascended the throne at the age of 5 years. An [[Ajaygarh]] inscription appears to corroborate this claim: it states that Paramardi was a leader even as a child (''bāl-opi netā'').{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=140}}

	He is mentioned as Paramardi-[[deva (Hinduism)\|deva]] in inscriptions. The medieval bardic legends such as [[Alha-Khand]] call him Paramala or Parimala. In modern [[vernacular]]s, he is also known as Paramardideva, Parmar, Paramal Deo and Parimal Chandel (because of [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages\|schwa deletion]]). A gold coin issued by him, featuring a seated goddess, gives his name as ''Srimat Paramardi''.{{sfn\|P. C. Roy\|1980\|pp=54-55}}


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	Several Chandela inscriptions also mention Paramardi Varman, but these contain little historical information. For example, the Semra copper-plate inscription vaguely eulogizes him as someonoe who surpassed [[Kamadeva\|Makaradhvaja]] (the god of love) in handsomeness, the ocean in depth, the lord of heaven in majesty, [[Brihaspati]] in wisdom, and [[Yudhishthira]] in truthfulness. The Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription credits him with military victories and states that other kings bowed to him, but does not name any of these kings.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=141}} The Ajaygarh inscription of his grandson's wife Kalyanadevi similarly describes him as a universal sovereign, whose enemies were left in a pitiful condition.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=141}} Such claims of extensive conquests are not corroborated by historical evidence.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=143}}		Several Chandela inscriptions also mention Paramardi Varman, but these contain little historical information. For example, the Semra copper-plate inscription vaguely eulogizes him as someonoe who surpassed [[Kamadeva\|Makaradhvaja]] (the god of love) in handsomeness, the ocean in depth, the lord of heaven in majesty, [[Brihaspati]] in wisdom, and [[Yudhishthira]] in truthfulness. The Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription credits him with military victories and states that other kings bowed to him, but does not name any of these kings.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=141}} The Ajaygarh inscription of his grandson's wife Kalyanadevi similarly describes him as a universal sovereign, whose enemies were left in a pitiful condition.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=141}} Such claims of extensive conquests are not corroborated by historical evidence.{{sfn\|R. K. Dikshit\|1976\|p=143}}

	=== ~~Early career~~ ===		===Names, status and titles===
			He is mentioned as Paramardivarman, Paramardivarmandeva, Paramardi[[deva (Hinduism)\|deva]], Paramardin, Paramarddi in inscriptions. The medieval bardic legends such as [[Alha-Khand]] call him Paramala or Parimala. In modern [[vernacular]]s, he is also known as Paramardideva, Parmar, Paramal Deo and Parimal Chandel (because of [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages\|schwa deletion]]). A gold coin issued by him, featuring a seated goddess, gives his name as ''Srimat Paramardi''.{{sfn\|P. C. Roy\|1980\|pp=54-55}}

	The inscriptions from the first few years of Paramardi Varman's reign have been found at Semra (1165-1166 CE), [[Mahoba]] (1166-1167 CE), [[Ichhawar]] (1171 CE), Mahoba (1173 CE), Pachar (1176 CE) and [[Charkhari]] (1178 CE).{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=119}} All of these inscriptions use the imperial titles for him: ''Paramabhattaraka-[[Maharajadhiraja]]-Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara Shri-Kalanjaradhipati Shrimanmat ~~Paramardideva~~''. This indicates that ~~in the early part of his reign,~~ Paramardi retained the territories that he had inherited from his grandfather Madanavarman.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}}		The inscriptions from the first few years of Paramardi Varman's reign have been found at Semra (1165-1166 CE), [[Mahoba]] (1166-1167 CE), [[Ichhawar]] (1171 CE), Mahoba (1173 CE), Pachar (1176 CE) and [[Charkhari]] (1178 CE).{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=119}} All of these inscriptions use the imperial titles for him: ''Paramabhattaraka-[[Maharajadhiraja]]-Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara Shri-Kalanjaradhipati Shrimanmat Paramardivarman''. This indicates that Paramardi Varman retained the all territories of the Chandela of Jejakabhukti, that he had inherited from his grandfather Madanavarman.{{sfn\|Sisirkumar Mitra\|1977\|p=120}}

	==Military career ==		==Military career ==