https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=ParachuteParachute - Revision history2026-10-21T16:19:41ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachute&diff=460671&oldid=prevGasperalmeida: fixed structure also and updated info for consistency2026-03-16T02:14:23Z<p>fixed structure also and updated info for consistency</p>
<a href="//en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachute&diff=460671&oldid=338345">Show changes</a>Gasperalmeidahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachute&diff=338345&oldid=prevUpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)2022-06-02T14:15:37Z<p>robot: Update article (please <a href="/wiki/User_talk:UpdateBot" title="User talk:UpdateBot">report</a> if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:45, 2 June 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l22">Line 22:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The earliest evidence for the true parachute dates back to the [[Renaissance]] period.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 466">{{harnvb|White|1968|p=466}}</ref> The oldest parachute design appears in an anonymous manuscript from 1470s [[Renaissance Italy]] (British Library, Add MS 34113, fol. 200v), showing a free-hanging man clutching a crossbar frame attached to a conical canopy.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 462f.">{{harnvb|White|1968|pp=462f.}}</ref> As a safety measure, four straps ran from the ends of the rods to a waist belt. The design is a marked improvement over another folio (189v), which depicts a man trying to break the force of his fall using two long cloth streamers fastened to two bars, which he grips with his hands.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465">{{harnvb|White|1968|p=465}}</ref> Although the surface area of the parachute design appears to be too small to offer effective air resistance and the wooden base-frame is superfluous and potentially harmful, the basic concept of a working parachute is apparent.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The earliest evidence for the true parachute dates back to the [[Renaissance]] period.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 466">{{harnvb|White|1968|p=466}}</ref> The oldest parachute design appears in an anonymous manuscript from 1470s [[Renaissance Italy]] (British Library, Add MS 34113, fol. 200v), showing a free-hanging man clutching a crossbar frame attached to a conical canopy.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 462f.">{{harnvb|White|1968|pp=462f.}}</ref> As a safety measure, four straps ran from the ends of the rods to a waist belt. The design is a marked improvement over another folio (189v), which depicts a man trying to break the force of his fall using two long cloth streamers fastened to two bars, which he grips with his hands.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465">{{harnvb|White|1968|p=465}}</ref> Although the surface area of the parachute design appears to be too small to offer effective air resistance and the wooden base-frame is superfluous and potentially harmful, the basic concept of a working parachute is apparent.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465"/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shortly after, a more sophisticated parachute was sketched by the [[polymath]] [[Leonardo da Vinci]] in his ''[[Codex Atlanticus]]'' (fol. 381v) dated to ca. 1485.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 462f."/> Here, the scale of the parachute is in a more favorable proportion to the weight of the jumper. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Leonardo's canopy was held open by a </del>square wooden frame, which alters the shape of the parachute from conical to pyramidal.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465"/> It is not known whether the Italian inventor was influenced by the earlier design, but he may have learned about the idea through the intensive oral communication among [[Renaissance technology|artist-engineers of the time]].<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465f.">{{harnvb|White|1968|pp=465f.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|surname1=[[Marc van den Broek]]|title=Leonardo da Vinci Spirits of Invention. A Search for Traces |publisher=A.TE.M. |location=Hamburg|isbn=978-3-00-063700-1|date=2019|language=en}}</ref> The feasibility of Leonardo's pyramidal design was successfully tested in 2000 by [[British people|Briton]] [[Adrian Nicholas]] and again in 2008 by the Swiss skydiver Olivier Vietti-Teppa.<ref>BBC: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/808246.stm Da Vinci's Parachute Flies] (2000); FoxNews: [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,352917,00.html Swiss Man Safely Uses Leonardo da Vinci Parachute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421072140/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,352917,00.html |date=April 21, 2010 }} (2008)</ref> According to the historian of technology [[Lynn White]], these conical and pyramidal designs, much more elaborate than early artistic jumps with rigid [[parasol]]s in Asia, mark the origin of "the parachute as we know it."<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 466"/></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shortly after, a more sophisticated parachute was sketched by the [[polymath]] [[Leonardo da Vinci]] in his ''[[Codex Atlanticus]]'' (fol. 381v) dated to ca. 1485.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 462f."/> Here, the scale of the parachute is in a more favorable proportion to the weight of the jumper. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A </ins>square wooden frame, which alters the shape of the parachute from conical to pyramidal<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, held open Leonardo's canopy</ins>.<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465"/> It is not known whether the Italian inventor was influenced by the earlier design, but he may have learned about the idea through the intensive oral communication among [[Renaissance technology|artist-engineers of the time]].<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 465f.">{{harnvb|White|1968|pp=465f.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|surname1=[[Marc van den Broek]]|title=Leonardo da Vinci Spirits of Invention. A Search for Traces |publisher=A.TE.M. |location=Hamburg|isbn=978-3-00-063700-1|date=2019|language=en}}</ref> The feasibility of Leonardo's pyramidal design was successfully tested in 2000 by [[British people|Briton]] [[Adrian Nicholas]] and again in 2008 by the Swiss skydiver Olivier Vietti-Teppa.<ref>BBC: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/808246.stm Da Vinci's Parachute Flies] (2000); FoxNews: [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,352917,00.html Swiss Man Safely Uses Leonardo da Vinci Parachute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421072140/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,352917,00.html |date=April 21, 2010 }} (2008)</ref> According to the historian of technology [[Lynn White]], these conical and pyramidal designs, much more elaborate than early artistic jumps with rigid [[parasol]]s in Asia, mark the origin of "the parachute as we know it."<ref name="Lynn White 1968, 466"/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Homo Volans.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fausto Veranzio]]'s parachute design, titled ''Homo Volans'' ("Flying Man"), from his ''Machinae Novae'' ("New Contraptions", published in 1615 or 1616)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Homo Volans.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fausto Veranzio]]'s parachute design, titled ''Homo Volans'' ("Flying Man"), from his ''Machinae Novae'' ("New Contraptions", published in 1615 or 1616)]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
</table>UpdateBothttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachute&diff=311704&oldid=prevImportMaster: robot: import pages using Special:Import2022-05-25T03:31:58Z<p>robot: import pages using <a href="/wiki/Special:Import" title="Special:Import">Special:Import</a></p>
<a href="//en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachute&diff=311704">Show changes</a>ImportMaster