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Movebot moved page Talk:Paraceratherium to Paraceratherium without leaving a redirect: BP:MOVE

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162.158.235.41: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = ''Paraceratherium'' | image =Indricotherium_skelton.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption= Skeleton cast of ''P. transouralicum'', National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo | regnum = Animalia | classis = Mammalia | ordo = Perissodactyla | familia = †Hyracodontidae | subfamilia = †Indricotheriinae | subfamilia_authority = Borissiak, 1923 | genus = '''''Paraceratherium''''' | genus_authority = Borissiak, 1915}} F..."

2022-07-29T21:14:25Z

Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = ''Paraceratherium'' | image =Indricotherium_skelton.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption= Skeleton cast of ''P. transouralicum'', National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo | regnum = Animalia | classis = Mammalia | ordo = Perissodactyla | familia = †Hyracodontidae | subfamilia = †Indricotheriinae | subfamilia_authority = Borissiak, 1923 | genus = '''''Paraceratherium''''' | genus_authority = Borissiak, 1915}} F..."

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{{Taxobox
| name = ''Paraceratherium''
| image =Indricotherium_skelton.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption= Skeleton [[cast]] of ''P. transouralicum'', National Museum of Nature and Science, [[Tokyo]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Perissodactyla]]
| familia = †[[Hyracodontidae]]
| subfamilia = †[[Indricotheriinae]]
| subfamilia_authority = Borissiak, 1923
| genus = '''''Paraceratherium'''''
| genus_authority = Borissiak, 1915}}
[[File:Indricotherium transouralicum.jpg|thumb|250px|''P. transouralicum'' skull, [[American Museum of Natural History]]]]
[[File:Paraceratherium-Scale-Diagram-SVG-Steveoc86.svg|thumb|230px|Estimated size of ''P. transouralicum'' compared with that of humans]]

'''''Paraceratherium''''' <ref>previously called '''''Indricotherium''''' or '''''Baluchitherium''''' or just '''''Indricothere'''''</ref> is an extinct [[genus]] of [[mammal]], a large hornless [[rhinoceros]]. It lived in [[Eurasia]] during the late [[Oligocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] of the [[Tertiary]] [[Period (geology)|period]], (34–23 million years ago).

''Paraceratherium'' was one of the largest land [[mammal]]s.<ref> Palmer D. ed 1999. ''The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals''. London: Marshall Editions, p262–263. ISBN 1-84028-152-9</ref> Its exact size is unclear because of the incompleteness of the fossils. The size of adults was about {{convert|4.8|m|ft}} tall at the shoulder, about {{convert|7.4|m|ft}} in length. Estimates of its weight have varied greatly.

== Lifestyle ==
It was a [[herbivore]] that stripped [[leaves]] from trees. It had a long, low, hornless skull and long frontal and nasal bones. Its front teeth had a single pair of incisors in either jaw. They were round, pointed, and so large that they looked like small [[tusk]]s. The upper incisors pointed straight downwards, while the lower ones jutted outwards. The upper lip was evidently extremely mobile. The neck was very long, the body big and strong, and the limbs long and thick, column-like.<ref name=Prothero>Prothero D. 2013. ''Rhinoceros giants: the palaeobiology of Indricotheres''. Indiana: Indiana University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-253-00819-0}}</ref>

== Size ==
Its exact size is unclear because of the incompleteness of the fossils. Estimates have been based on skull, teeth, and limb bone measurements. However, the known bone elements are from individuals of different sizes. All skeletal reconstructions are composite extrapolations. This resulted in weight estimates from 11 to 20 [[tonne]]s.<ref name=Paul>{{cite web |url=http://gspauldino.com/JVP92.pdf |title=The size and bulk of extinct giant land herbivores |year=1992 |author=Gregory S. Paul |publisher= |accessdate=16 February 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Fortelius>Fortelius M. & Kappelman J. 1993. The largest land mammal ever imagined. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''108''': 85–101. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb02560.x/abstract;jsessionid=8713A3F979260BF8C67DFBD3D4C0E453.f04t01?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+the+18th+October+from+10%3A00+BST+%2805%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance+for+approximately+two+hours+as+we+make+upgrades+to+improve+our+services+to+you]</ref><ref>Tsubamoto T. 2012. Estimating body mass from the astragalus in mammals. ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', 259–265. [http://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app20110067.html]</ref><ref name=probos_mass>{{Cite journal | last = Larramendi | first = A. | year = 2016 | title = Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 61 | issue = | pages = | jstor = | doi = 10.4202/app.00136.2014 | s2cid = 2092950 | url = https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app001362014.pdf | format = | accessdate = }}</ref> Its shoulder height has been estimated as {{convert|4.8|m|ft}}.<ref name=probos_mass/> Its length was about {{convert|7.4|m|ft}} from front to back.<ref name=Fortelius/> As explained, such figure are only approximations. These figures are for the largest of the three [[species]] in the [[genus]].

== Ecology ==
They lived in a huge [[rainforest]] [[floodplain]] in the area which is now [[Kazakhstan]], [[India]], and southwest [[China]]. They lived further inland throughout northern and central Asia as well. This area was a rainforest [[floodplain]] before the [[Himalayan]] uplift changed the climate.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mammals]]
[[Category:Fossils]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan]]

Paraceratherium - Revision history

Movebot: Movebot moved page Talk:Paraceratherium to Paraceratherium without leaving a redirect: BP:MOVE