ClayAcosta: refine details and corrected details

2025-12-21T16:55:49Z

refine details and corrected details

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:25, 21 December 2025
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	{{For\|the Indian feature film\|Papilio Buddha (film)}}		{{For\|the Indian feature film\|Papilio Buddha (film)}}
	{{Speciesbox		{{Speciesbox
	\| name = Malabar ~~banded peacock~~		\| name = Malabar Banded Peacock
	\| status =		\| status =
	\| image = Papilio_buddha_Westwood,_1872_–_Malabar_Banded_Peacock_at_Peravoor_(1).jpg		\| image = Papilio_buddha_Westwood,_1872_–_Malabar_Banded_Peacock_at_Peravoor_(1).jpg
	\| image_caption =		\| image_caption =
	\| taxon = Papilio buddha		\| taxon = Papilio buddha
	\| authority = [[John O. Westwood\|Westwood]], 1872		\| authority = [[John O. Westwood\|Westwood]], 1872
			\| range_map = Papilio buddha map.png
	}}		}}

	'''''Papilio buddha''''', the '''Malabar banded peacock''',<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=funet/> is a species of [[swallowtail butterfly]] found in the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260\|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India \|last1=Varshney \|first1=R.K. \|last2=Smetacek\|first2=Peter\|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi\|year=2015\|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9\|location=New Delhi\|pages=5\|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=funet>{{cite web \|last=Savela \|first=Markku \|url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/papilio/#buddha \|title=''Papilio buddha'' Westwood, 1872 \|website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms \|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=Westwood>{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofen1872roya#page/86/mode/1up\|title=Transactions of the Entomological Society of London\|last=Westwood\|first=John O\|publisher=Royal Entomological Society of London\|year=1872\|location=London\|pages=500}}</ref>		'''''Papilio buddha''''', the '''Malabar banded peacock''',<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=funet/> is a species of [[swallowtail butterfly]] found in the [[Western Ghats]] of India.<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260\|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India \|last1=Varshney \|first1=R.K. \|last2=Smetacek\|first2=Peter\|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi\|year=2015\|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9\|location=New Delhi\|pages=5\|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=funet>{{cite web \|last=Savela \|first=Markku \|url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/papilio/#buddha \|title=''Papilio buddha'' Westwood, 1872 \|website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms \|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=Westwood>{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofen1872roya#page/86/mode/1up\|title=Transactions of the Entomological Society of London\|last=Westwood\|first=John O\|publisher=Royal Entomological Society of London\|year=1872\|location=London\|pages=500}}</ref>
	The [[Government of Kerala]] declared it as the official [[Kerala]] state butterfly. [https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com~~/amp~~/technology/science/budha-mayoori-to-be-named-kerala-s-state-butterfly-1.3305480]		The [[Government of Kerala]] declared it as the official [[Kerala]] state butterfly. [https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/technology/science/budha-mayoori-to-be-named-kerala-s-state-butterfly-1.3305480] ''Papilio buddha'' is a threatened species and one of the species considered in a 2023 molecular phylogeny study of the ''Papilio'' genus, with the study concluding that it forms part of the Old World clade that existed around 30 million years ago in the Oligocene.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Condamine \|first=Fabien L. \|title=A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the genus Papilio \|journal=Systematic Entomology \|year=2023 \|volume=48 \|issue=4 \|pages=789–805 \|doi=10.1111/syen.12578\|doi-access=free }}</ref>


	==Description==		==Description==
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	==Status==		==Status==
	This species is locally common and not rare. It is protected in India but not known to be threatened.{{fact\|date=January 2020}}		This species is locally common and not rare. It is protected in India but not known to be threatened.{{fact\|date=January 2020}}

			==Taxonomy==
			It is a member of species group ''[[Papilio palinurus\|palinurus]]''

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]		[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
	[[Category:Butterflies described in 1872]]		[[Category:Butterflies described in 1872]]
			[[Category:Taxa named by John O. Westwood]]

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-29T21:31:05Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{For|the Indian feature film|Papilio Buddha (film)}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Malabar banded peacock
| status =
| image = Papilio_buddha_Westwood,_1872_–_Malabar_Banded_Peacock_at_Peravoor_(1).jpg
| image_caption =
| taxon = Papilio buddha
| authority = [[John O. Westwood|Westwood]], 1872
}}

'''''Papilio buddha''''', the '''Malabar banded peacock''',<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=funet/> is a species of [[swallowtail butterfly]] found in the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India |last1=Varshney |first1=R.K. |last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=5|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=funet>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/papilio/#buddha |title=''Papilio buddha'' Westwood, 1872 |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=Westwood>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofen1872roya#page/86/mode/1up|title=Transactions of the Entomological Society of London|last=Westwood|first=John O|publisher=Royal Entomological Society of London|year=1872|location=London|pages=500}}</ref>
The [[Government of Kerala]] declared it as the official [[Kerala]] state butterfly. [https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/amp/technology/science/budha-mayoori-to-be-named-kerala-s-state-butterfly-1.3305480]

==Description==
{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}

''P. buddha'' resembles ''[[Papilio palinurus|P. palinurus]]'' but is larger. The upperside of the wings also differ with the irroration of green scales more restricted, the outer half of the forewing except a triangular patch from the apex of wing downwards, and the outer third of the hindwing except a subterminal series of ill-formed lunules, devoid of green scales; discal transverse bands on both forewing and hindwings similar to those in ''P. palinurus'' but very much broader; the discal band of the forewing measured on the dorsum occupies considerably more than one-third of the dorsal length, while the discal band of the hindwing is as broad posteriorly as it is anteriorly (in ''P. palinurus'' it is much narrower posteriorly); the ochraceous tornal ocellus brighter, not surmounted with blue; the subapical ochraceous lunule in interspace 7 also brighter and much larger.<ref name=bing/>

The underside is similar to the underside of ''P. palinurus'', but on the hindwing the ochraceous lunules in the subterminal series is proportionately narrower and much more conspicuously bordered on their innersides with silvery white. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in ''P. palinurus''.<ref name=bing>{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{cite book |last1=Bingham |first1=C.T. |author-link=Charles Thomas Bingham |title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma |url=https://archive.org/stream/butterflies02bingiala#page/88/mode/2up/ |volume=II |edition=1st |publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis, Ltd.]] |location=London |year=1907|pages=89–90}}}}</ref><ref name=MooreIndica>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103503#page/81/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. VI|last=Moore|first=Frederic|author-link=Frederic Moore|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1903–1905|location=London|pages=69–71}}</ref>

The wingspan is 107–155 mm.{{fact|date=January 2020}}

==Life history==
The [[caterpillar]] has a shield on the thoracic segments. Green, the shield laterally and posteriorly narrowly edged with white; segments 5 to 11 with a broad white line and above it a series of minute white spots on each segment.

The pupa is curved ventrally, head cleft, the processes long and upturned, back and sides keeled; colour dark green ventrally, pale green dorsally (after Davidson and Aitken).<ref name=bing/>
<gallery caption="Life cycle">
File:Papilio buddha egg by Balakrishnan Valappil (5131270931).jpg|Egg
File:Budha Peacock caterpillar fourth instar 2010 10 02 99 13 (5131836978).jpg|Larva
File:Budha Peacock Pupa 2010 10 17 99 23 (5131836972).jpg|Chrysalis
File:Budha peacock (29973013576).jpg|Imago (dorsal view)
File:Papilionidae 2010 10 31 99 228 (5131270939).jpg|Imago (lateral view)
</gallery>

===Host plants===
The larva (caterpillar) has been recorded on ''[[Zanthoxylum rhetsa]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-04-10|title=Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India|author1=Ravikanthachari Nitin|author2= V.C. Balakrishnan|author3= Paresh V. Churi|author4= S. Kalesh|author5= Satya Prakash|author6= Krushnamegh Kunte|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3104/4402|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=10 |issue=4|pages=11495–11550|via=JoTT|doi=10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Status==
This species is locally common and not rare. It is protected in India but not known to be threatened.{{fact|date=January 2020}}

==See also==
* [[Papilionidae]]
* [[List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)]]

==Cited references==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}

* Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach, 1998 ''Schmetterlinge der Erde'', Butterflies of the world Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: ''Papilio'', Subgenus ''Achillides'', ''Bhutanitis'', ''Teinopalpus''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach. Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books {{ISBN|9783931374624}}
* {{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/7/mode/1up |year=1985 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] |location=Gland & Cambridge |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}
* {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932}}
* {{cite book |last=Gaonkar |first=Harish |author-link=Harish Gaonkar |title=Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System |publisher=Centre for Ecological Sciences |location=Bangalore, India |year=1996}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gay |first1=Thomas |last2=Kehimkar |first2=Isaac David |last3=Punetha |first3=Jagdish Chandra |title=Common Butterflies of India |series=Nature Guides |publisher= World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press |location=Bombay, India |year=1992 |isbn=978-0195631647}}
* {{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545}}
* {{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |author-link=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |isbn=978-8170192329}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1595751}}

[[Category:Papilio|buddha]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1872]]

Papilio buddha - Revision history

ClayAcosta: refine details and corrected details

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article