Wilfred0198: minor cleanup

2025-06-22T16:14:13Z

minor cleanup

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 22 June 2025
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			{{Short description\|Species of flowering plant}}
	{{Speciesbox		{{Speciesbox
	\| image = ~~Papaver_bracteatum_im_Botanischen_Garten_Erlangen~~.~~JPG~~		\| image = Papaver bracteata - Flickr - peganum.jpg
	\| genus = Papaver		\| genus = Papaver
	\| species = bracteatum		\| species = bracteatum
	\| authority = [[John Lindley\|Lindl.]]		\| authority = [[John Lindley\|Lindl.]]
	}}		}}
	'''''Papaver bracteatum''''', also known as the '''Iranian poppy''', '''Persian poppy''' or the '''The Great Scarlet poppy''' This species is grown to produce [[thebaine]], which is commercially converted to [[codeine]] and semi-synthetic [[opiates]]. ''Papaver bracteatum'' does not contain [[morphine]], codeine or any other narcotic alkaloids in significant amounts. [[Oripavine]] has been reported in minute traces but would not exert a relevant activity.<ref>Von Lyle E. Craker, James E. Simon (Eds.) (1991). ''Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, and Pharmacology Vol. II.'' (p. 69) Binghamton NY: The Haworth Press Inc. [https://books.google.ch/books?id=BODCi6MO60QC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63 LCCN 86-646860]</ref>

	== References ==		'''''Papaver bracteatum''''', also known as the '''Iranian poppy''' or '''Persian poppy''' and the '''great scarlet poppy''' (first described by Dr. N. Saharghi and [[Iraj Lalezari]] ''[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]'' 213, 1244, 1967 doi:10.1038/2131244a0 ) is a sturdy hardy perennial [[poppy]] with large deep red flowers up to 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter on stiff stalks up to 4 feet (1.22 metres) high with a prominent black spot near the base of the petals. It is closely related to the commonly cultivated oriental poppy, ''[[Papaver orientale]]'' and is sometimes recorded as the varietal form ''Papaver orientale'' var. ''bracteatum''.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Papaver orientale var. bracteatum {{!}} great scarlet poppy Herbaceous Perennial/RHS Gardening \|url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/61951/papaver-orientale-var-bracteatum/details \|access-date=2023-01-18 \|website=www.rhs.org.uk}}</ref>

			==Uses==
			This species is grown to produce [[thebaine]], which is commercially converted to [[codeine]] and semi-synthetic [[opiate]]s including [[hydrocodone]], [[hydromorphone]], [[oxycodone]], and [[oxymorphone]]. ''Papaver bracteatum'' does not contain [[morphine]], codeine or any other narcotic alkaloids in significant amounts. [[Oripavine]] has been reported in minute traces but would not exert a relevant activity.<ref>Von Lyle E. Craker, James E. Simon (Eds.) (1991). ''Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, and Pharmacology Vol. II.'' (p. 69) Binghamton NY: The Haworth Press Inc. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BODCi6MO60QC&pg=PA63 LCCN 86-646860]</ref>

			In the [[United States]], domestic cultivation of ''P. bracteatum'' was proposed by president [[Richard Nixon]]'s [[Office of Management and Budget]] in the early 1970s as an alternative to [[Turkey\|Turkish]] [[Papaver somniferum\|opium poppies]], which the administration was attempting to eliminate. This was because ''P. bracteatum'' does not contain [[morphine]], which is converted to [[heroin]], but is high in [[thebaine]] for legal codeine production, which was in crisis at the time because of the dwindling Turkish supply. However, US government scientists feared [[Bentley compounds]],<ref>BENTLEY, K. W. & HARDY, D. G. (1967) Novel analgesics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine-thebaine group. III. Alcohols of the 6,14-endo-ethenotetrahydrooripavine series and derived analogues of N-allylnormorphine and norcodeine. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89, 3281-3292.</ref> [[opioid]]s thousands of times more potent than heroin, would replace heroin in the US.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Epstein \|first=Edward Jay \|url=https://archive.org/details/agencyoffearopia0000epst \|title=Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America \|publisher=Verso \|year=1990 \|isbn=978-0-86091-529-4 \|chapter=The Coughing Crisis \|chapter-url=http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/aof/aof32.html \|url-access=registration}}</ref>

			The three species of Oriental poppy, ''Papaver orientale'', ''Papaver orientale'' var. ''bracteatum'' and ''Papaver pseudo-orientale'' are thought to be the basis for up to 80 cultivars derived from cross-breeding and used extensively in ornamental gardens in Europe and the United States as well as elsewhere.{{citation needed\|date=June 2020}} ''Papaver orientale'' 'Beauty of Livermere' is regarded as so similar to, if not identical with, the wild ''P. bracteatum'' that it may well be a strain of ''P. bracteatum'' or at the very least a complex hybrid derived from it in large part and is now also referred to as P. orientale 'Goliath Group'.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Klein \|first=Carol \|date=4 June 2010 \|title=Gardens: Oriental poppies \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/05/oriental-poppies-gardening \|access-date=8 April 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>

			==References==
			{{Commons category}}
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{~~Biology-stub~~}}		{{Taxonbar\|from=Q578200}}

	[[Category:~~Plants of Asia]]~~		[[Category:Papaver\|bracteatum]]
	~~[[Category:Ranunculales]]~~
	~~[[Category:National symbols of East Türkestan~~]]

Movebot: Movebot moved page Talk:Papaver bracteatum to Papaver bracteatum without leaving a redirect: BP:MOVE

2022-08-17T04:55:31Z

Movebot moved page Talk:Papaver bracteatum to Papaver bracteatum without leaving a redirect: BP:MOVE

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:25, 17 August 2022
(No difference)

172.70.85.78: Created page with "{{Speciesbox | image = Papaver_bracteatum_im_Botanischen_Garten_Erlangen.JPG | genus = Papaver | species = bracteatum | authority = Lindl. }} '''''Papaver bracteatum''''', also known as the '''Iranian poppy''', '''Persian poppy''' or the '''The Great Scarlet poppy''' This species is grown to produce thebaine, which is commercially converted to codeine and semi-synthetic opiates. ''Papaver bracteatum'' does not contain morphine, codeine or..."

2022-08-14T18:08:40Z

Created page with "{{Speciesbox | image = Papaver_bracteatum_im_Botanischen_Garten_Erlangen.JPG | genus = Papaver | species = bracteatum | authority = Lindl. }} '''''Papaver bracteatum''''', also known as the '''Iranian poppy''', '''Persian poppy''' or the '''The Great Scarlet poppy''' This species is grown to produce thebaine, which is commercially converted to codeine and semi-synthetic opiates. ''Papaver bracteatum'' does not contain morphine, codeine or..."

New page

{{Speciesbox
| image = Papaver_bracteatum_im_Botanischen_Garten_Erlangen.JPG
| genus = Papaver
| species = bracteatum
| authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]
}}
'''''Papaver bracteatum''''', also known as the '''Iranian poppy''', '''Persian poppy''' or the '''The Great Scarlet poppy''' This species is grown to produce [[thebaine]], which is commercially converted to [[codeine]] and semi-synthetic [[opiates]]. ''Papaver bracteatum'' does not contain [[morphine]], codeine or any other narcotic alkaloids in significant amounts. [[Oripavine]] has been reported in minute traces but would not exert a relevant activity.<ref>Von Lyle E. Craker, James E. Simon (Eds.) (1991). ''Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, and Pharmacology Vol. II.'' (p. 69) Binghamton NY: The Haworth Press Inc. [https://books.google.ch/books?id=BODCi6MO60QC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63 LCCN 86-646860]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Biology-stub}}

[[Category:Plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Ranunculales]]
[[Category:National symbols of East Türkestan]]

Papaver bracteatum - Revision history

Wilfred0198: minor cleanup

Movebot: Movebot moved page Talk:Papaver bracteatum to Papaver bracteatum without leaving a redirect: BP:MOVE