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{{short description|Indian Gujarati-language writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Pannalal Nanalal Patel
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1912|5|7}}
| birth_place = Mandli village [[British India]], (now in [[Dungarpur]], [[Rajasthan]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1989|4|6|1912|5|7}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| occupation = Novelist, short story writer
| nationality = Indian
| period =
| genre =
| notableworks ={{plainlist|
* ''[[Malela Jeev]]'' (1941)
* ''[[Manvini Bhavai]]'' (1947)}}
| subject =
| spouse = Valiben<ref name="divyabhaskar 2012">{{cite web | title=પન્નાલાલ પટેલની જીવન ઝરમર | website=divyabhaskar | date=11 February 2012 | url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/UGUJ-know-about-gujarati-author-pannalal-patel-2846963.html | language=gu | access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref>
| movement =
| awards =
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1950)
* [[Jnanpith Award]] (1985)
* [[Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar]] (1986)
| signature =
| website =
}}

'''Pannalal Nanalal Patel''' (7 May 1912 – 6 April 1989) was an Indian author known for his contributions in [[Gujarati literature]]. He wrote more than 20 short story collections, such as ''Sukhdukhna Sathi'' (1940) and ''Vatrakne Kanthe'' (1952), and more than 20 social novels, such as ''[[Malela Jeev]]'' (1941), ''[[Manvini Bhavai]]'' (1947) and ''Bhangyana Bheru'' (1957), and several mythological novels. He received the [[Jnanpith Award]] in 1985 for ''Manvini Bhavai''. Some of his works were translated as well as adapted into plays and films.<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA117|access-date=6 December 2016|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|page=117}}</ref>

==Life==
{{quote box
| align = right
| width = 25em
| bgcolor=#DEDEE2
| quote = "Life appears to me like that of a spider that makes his own web, using his own saliva. The spider progress through life on the strands of his own web. I, too, have gone about in this world, finding my own ways, learning and changing. what I know of life has come from experience."
| salign = left
| source = ― Pannalal Patel<ref name=pp>{{cite web |author=Rajesh I. Patel |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3222/7/07_chapter%201.pdf |title=Translation of Pannalal Patel's "Malela Jiv" from Gujarati into English with critical introduction |year=2011 |publisher=Saurashtra University |access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref>
}}

He was born on 7 May 1912 in Mandli village (now in [[Dungarpur district|Dungarpur]], [[Rajasthan]]) to Nanasha aka Nanalal and Hiraba, an [[Anjana Chaudhari]] family. He is youngest among his four siblings.<ref name="divyabhaskar 2012"/> His father was a farmer<ref name="Patel1995"/> and used to recite ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''Okhaharan'' and other mythological stories for his village. This earned his house a nickname "abode of learning". His father died during his childhood and his mother Hiraba raised the children.

[[File:Sir Pratap High School Idar2.jpg|thumb|Sir Pratap High School of Idar where Pannalal studied]]
His education progressed with many difficulty due to poverty. He could study up to the only fourth standard at Sir Pratap High School, [[Idar]]. During school days, he befriended his schoolmate [[Umashankar Joshi]].<ref name=pp/> For a brief period, he worked as a manager in a liquor manufacturing company in Dungarpur. He wrote his first novel while working as a domestic help in [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web | title=પન્નાલાલ પટેલ, ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય પરિષદ | website=Pannalal Patel, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad | url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/photo-gallery/sahitya-sarjako/Pannalal-Patel.html | language=gu | access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

In 1936, he accidentally met his old friend Umashankar Joshi who persuaded him to write. He wrote his first short story ''Sheth Ni Sharda'' (1936). Later, his stories published in many Gujarati magazines.<ref name="KCG">{{cite journal |last= Dodia|first= Sanjay|date= August–September 2012|title= 'મળેલા જીવ' નવલકથામાં ગ્રામચેતના|url=http://www.kcgjournal.org/humanity/issue3/sanjay.php |journal= Journal of Humanity|volume=1 |issue= 3|access-date=8 December 2016|language=gu|publisher= Knowledge Consortium of Gujarat, Department of Higher Education, Government of Gujarat| issn=2279-0233}}</ref> In 1940, he received recognition for his first novel ''Valamana'' (The Send-off), followed by ''[[Malela Jeev]]'' (1941), ''Manvini Bhavai'' (1947) and many other novels. In 1971, he started a publishing company Sadhana in Ahmedabad along with his two sons.<ref name=pp/> During the later years, he mostly wrote novels based on [[Hindu mythology]] and epics.<ref name="GSP"/><ref name="George1992">{{cite book|author=K. M. George|author-link=K. M. George (writer)|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA136|access-date=6 December 2016|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|page=136}}</ref>

He died on 6 April 1989 in [[Ahmedabad]] following [[brain haemorrhage]].<ref name="GSP"/>

== Works ==
He wrote 61 novels, 26 short story collections and many other works.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pratibha India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyBaAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=A. Sitesh}}</ref> He wrote his works mostly in the native [[idiom]]s of [[Sabarkantha district]] in [[north Gujarat]].<ref name="Patel1995">{{cite book|author=Pannalal Nanalal Patel|title=Manavini Bhavai (English translation)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbCrilYTGZEC&pg=PR5|access-date=6 December 2016|year=1995|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7201-899-3|page=5}}</ref>

Love has been central theme of his many novels. He depicted in his works the rural life of Gujarat artificially.<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/> His novels are centers around the village, its people, their lives, hopes and aspirations, their problems and predicaments. ''[[Malela Jeev]]'' (1941), a story of unfulfilled love between Kanji and Jivi having born in different [[caste]]s, is considered as one of his best novels.<ref name=pp/><ref name="Indian and Foreign Review">{{cite book|title=Indian and Foreign Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FVDAAAAYAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Publications Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> His novel ''[[Manvini Bhavai]]'' (1947) is rated as most powerful portrayal of Gujarat's rural life and the exploration of rural life during the early 1900s.<ref name="Mahapatra1996">{{cite book|author=Jayanta Mahapatra|author-link=Jayanta Mahapatra|title=Verticals of Life: Selected Poems of Sachi Raut-Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Szcvh6bWAkC&pg=PA170|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0138-5|page=170}}</ref><ref name="DilevkoDali2011">{{cite book|author1=Juris Dilevko|author2=Keren Dali|author3=Glenda Garbutt|title=Contemporary World Fiction: A Guide to Literature in Translation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mlyfDz4pPd4C&pg=PA137|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59158-353-0|pages=137–}}</ref> His novel ''Na Chhutke'' (1955) is based on [[Satyagraha]] movements of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and it enumerates Gandhi's various endeavours for freedom of India and spiritual uplifting of Indian people.<ref>{{cite book|author=Yogendra K. Malik|title=Politics and the Novel in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ9z_P1-lXEC&pg=PA118|year=1978|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=New Delhi|page=118}}</ref> His other novels depicting rural life are ''Bhangyana Bheru'' (1957), ''Ghammar Valonu'' Vol 1-2 (1968), ''Fakiro'' (1955), ''Manakhavatar'' (1961), ''Karoliyanu Jalu'' (1963), ''Meen Matina Manvi'' (1966), ''Kanku'' (1970), ''Ajavali Rat Amasni'' (1971). His novels depicting urban life less entertaining than rural life. ''Bhiru Sathi'' (1943) was his first novel. His other novels depicting urban life are ''Yauvan'' Vol 1-2 (1944), ''Padagha and Padchhaya'' (1960), ''Ame Be Baheno'' Vol 1-2 (1962), ''Andhi Ashadhni'' (1964), ''Pranayna Jujva Pot'' (1969), ''Allad Chhokari'' (1972), ''Ek Anokhi Preet'' (1972), ''Nathi Paranya Nathi Kunwara'' (1974), ''Raw Material'' (1983). ''Galalsing'' (1972) is historical novel of love and valour.<ref name="GSP"/>

His novels other than theme of love are ''Pachhale Barane'' (1947), ''Vali Vatanma'' (1966), ''Eklo'' (1973), ''Taag'' (1979), ''Pageru'' (1981). ''Angaro'' (1981) is his detective novel. ''Param Vaishanav Narasinh Mehta'' and ''Jene Jivi Janyu'' (1984) are his biographical novels of [[Narsinh Mehta]] and [[Ravishankar Maharaj]] respectively. ''Nagadnarayan'' (1967) and ''Marakatlal'' (1973) are his humorous novels.<ref name="GSP"/>

During his later years, he wrote stories based on characters of epics, ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Ramayana]]'', and [[Purana]]s and other [[Hindu Mythology|Hindu mythological stories]]. He preserved the original story and its miraculous themes but gave new meanings at several instances. His such works include ''Parth ne Kaho Chadave Ban'' Vol 1-5 (1974), ''Rame Seetan Marya Jo!'' Vol 1-4 (1976), ''Krishna Jivanleela'' Vol 1-5 (1977), ''Shivaparvati'' Vol 1-6 (1979), ''Bhishmani Banshaiyya'' Vol 1-3 (1980), ''Kach-Devyani'' (1981), ''Devyani-Yayayti'' Vol 1-2 (1982), ''Satyabhamano Manushi-Pranaya'' (1984), ''(Manavdehe) Kamdev Rati'' (1984), ''(Mahabharatano Pratham Pranay) Bheem-Hidimba'' (1984), ''Arjunno Vanvas Ke Pranaypravas'' (1984), ''Pradyamna-Prabhavati'' (1984), ''Shri Krishnani Aath Pataranio'' (1984), ''Shikhandi Stree Ke Puraush?'' (1984), ''Revatighela Baldevji'' (1984), ''Sahdev-Bhanumatino Pranay'' (1984), ''Kubja Ane Shri Krishna'' (1984), ''(Narma Nari) Il-Ila'' (1986), ''(Amarlok-Mrityuloknu Sahjeevan) Urvashi-Pururava'' (1986).<ref name="GSP"/>

He wrote more than 450 short stories. His short story collections are ''Sukh Dukhna Sathi'' (1940), ''Jindagina Khel'' (1941), ''Jivo Dand'' (1941), ''Lakhcorasi'' (1944), ''Panetarna Rang'' (1946), ''Ajab Manavi'' (1947), ''Sacha Shamana'' (1949), ''Vatrakne Kanthe'' (1952), ''Orata'' (1954), ''Parevada'' (1956), ''Manna Morla'' (1958), ''Kadavo Ghuntado'' (1958), ''Tilottama'' (1960), ''Dilni Vaat'' (1962), ''Dharati Abhna Chheta'' (1962), ''Tyagi-Anuragi'' (1963), ''Dilaso'' (1964), ''Chitareli Diwalo'' (1965), ''Morlina Munga Sur'' (1966), ''Malo'' (1967), ''Vatno Katko'' (1969), ''Anwar'' (1970), ''Koi Deshi Koi Pardeshi'' (1971), ''Asmani Najar'' (1972), ''Binni'' (1973), ''Chhanako'' (1975), ''Gharnu Ghar'' (1979) and ''Narato'' (1981).<ref name="GSP"/>

''Jamairaj'' (1952) is collection of [[one-act play]]s. ''Dholia Sag Seesamna'' (1963) and ''Bhane Narsaiyo'' (1977) are his original three-act plays. ''Kankan'' (1968) and ''Allad Chhokari'' (1971) is play adaptation of his novels ''Fakiro'' and ''Allad Chhokari'' respectively. ''Chando Shen Shamalo?'' (1960), ''Sapanana Sathi'' (1967) and ''Kanan'' are Gujarati adaptations of western plays. ''Swapna'' (1978) is an adaptation of a story by [[Aurobindo]].<ref name="GSP"/>

He also wrote [[Children's literature in Gujarati language|Children's literature]] also. ''Vartakillol'' Vol 1-2 (1972, 1973), ''Balkillol'' Vol 1-10 (1972), ''Rishikulni Kathao'' Vol 1-4 (1973), ''Devno Didhel'' Vol 1-5 (1975), ''Mahabharat Kishorkatha'' (1976). ''Ramayan Kishorkatha'' (1980), ''Shri Krishna Kishorkatha'' (1980), ''Satyayugni Kathao'' Vol 1-5 (1981) are his works for children and teens.

''Alapzalap'' (1973) is his autobiographical work depicting his childhood and teenage. ''Pannalalni Shreshth Vartao'' (1958), ''Pannalalno Vartavaibhav'' (1963), ''Vineli Navalikao'' (1973), ''Purnayognu Achaman'' (1978), ''Lokgunjan'' (1984) are his edited and selected works collections. His other works are ''Alakmalak'' (1986) and ''Sarjanni Suvarna Smaranika'' (1986).<ref name="GSP"/>

''Jindagi Sanjeevani Vol 1–7'' is his autobiography.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

===Translations and adaptations===
''Malela Jeev'' has been translated in several Indian languages<ref name="Weightman1996">{{cite book|author=S. C. R. Weightman|title=Traveller's literary companion to the Indian sub-continent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEgOAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Print Publ. Ltd|isbn=978-1-873047-30-9|page=209}}</ref> such as [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Kannada]] and as ''Kalasina Jeevithalu'' in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by [[Vemuri Anjaneya Sarma]]. The novel was translated by Rajesh I. Patel into English as ''The United Souls'' in 2011.<ref name=pp/><ref name="Indian and Foreign Review"/> ''Manvini Bhavai'' is translated in English by V. Y Kantak as ''Endurance: A Droll Saga'' (1995), published by Sahitya Akademi.<ref name="Mahapatra1996"/><ref name="DilevkoDali2011"/>

His novels ''Malela Jeev'', ''Manvini Bhavai'' and the short story ''Kanku'' were adapted into films.<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/> ''Malela Jeev'' is adapted into films and plays several times. ''Ulajhan'' directed by N. R. Acharya was the first Gujarati film adaptation of novel.<ref name="KCG"/> ''Malela Jeev'' (1956) is a [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati film]] directed by Manhar Raskapur while ''[[Kanku]]'' (1969) was directed by [[Kantilal Rathod]]. Both films were scripted by Patel himself.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT8|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|page=347}}</ref> ''[[Janumada Jodi]]'', 1996 Indian [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]] film, is based on ''Malela Jeev''.<ref name="Deccan Herald 2016">{{cite web | title=Biopic on former Karnataka CM Devaraj Urs soon | website=Deccan Herald | date=7 December 2016 | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/550095/biopic-former-karnataka-cm-devaraj.html | access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> It was also adopted into a Gujarati play, directed by Nimesh Desai.<ref name="gujjubhai 2012">{{cite web | author=gujjubhai | title=Malela Jeev Gujarati Natak | website=GujjuBhai | date=10 September 2012 | url=http://www.gujjubhai.in/malela-jeev-gujarati-natak/ | access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
He received [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1950 and [[Jnanpith Award]] in 1985. He was the second writer from Gujarati language after [[Umashankar Joshi]] in 1967, to receive the Jnanpith Award.<ref name="GSP"/> In 1986, he received [[Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Gbooks-author|Pannalal Nanalal Patel}}

{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Pannalal}}
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Dungarpur district]]
[[Category:Writers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]

Pannalal Patel - Revision history

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