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[[File:Pannagam Thodu.JPG|250px|thumbnail|right|Pannagam thodu]]<br />
The '''Pannagam thodu''' is a river in the state of [[Kerala]] in southern India,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bose|first=Abhish K|date=Nov 22, 2016|title=M M Mani had escaped Emergency arrest|work=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/221116/m-m-mani-had-escaped-emergency-arrest.html|url-status=live}}</ref> forming near [[Madapattu]] and flowing north for 30 kilometers before joining the [[Meenachil River]] close to Punnathara.<br />
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Several streams from small hills in the towns of [[Pampady]], [[Pallickathode]], and Kooropada combine near the 14th Mile Church along the [[State Highway 13 (Kerala)|Kottayam–Kumily Road]] to form the Pannagam Thodu, which grows as it flows north through the towns of [[Madapattu]], [[Mattakkara]], [[Akalakunnam]], [[Arumanoor]], and [[Ayarkunnam]].<br />
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''Pannagam'' means snake, as the river flows like a curled snake through the many surrounding hills.<br />
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==Environmental issues==<br />
The Pannagam thodu is mostly free from [[water pollution]]. There are a few issues affecting the water pollution, mainly from disposal of urban and domestic waste into the streams.<br />
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==Economic importance==<br />
Thousands of farmers use water from the river for [[agriculture]]. During the [[monsoon]], the river may be full or even flood over. [[Sand theft|Illegal sand mining]] is rare in this river. There are acute [[Water shortage|shortages of water]] in summer.<br />
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==Bridges and check dams==<br />
The main bridges are at: Eruthupusza, Myladiyil kadav, Kaniparambu Mattakkara, and Kongandoor (Charathupadi).<br />
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The main [[check dam|check dams]] are:<br />
*Moongakuzhy Check Dam for Lakkatoor drinking water project.<br />
*Kaniparambu Check Dam for Moozhoor drinking water project.<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{coord missing|Kerala}}<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Kottayam district]]</div>->GünniX