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	The word ''pani'' is also applied in the Rig Veda to human beings, even respected members of the community, who are unwilling to share their wealth. In one hymn Indra himself is addressed as "pani"<ref>*Pande, G.C. 1991. ''Foundations of Indian Culture: Pt. 1 & 2''.</ref> and in [[Buddhism]] eventually becomes [[Vajrapani]].		The word ''pani'' is also applied in the Rig Veda to human beings, even respected members of the community, who are unwilling to share their wealth. In one hymn Indra himself is addressed as "pani"<ref>*Pande, G.C. 1991. ''Foundations of Indian Culture: Pt. 1 & 2''.</ref> and in [[Buddhism]] eventually becomes [[Vajrapani]].

	[[Graeco-Roman]] authors equated the [[Parthia]]ns with a [[Scythian]] tribe called the [[Parni]] (i.e. Greek ''Parnoi''), which has been equated by some with the Panis.<ref>Parpola, Asko: 1988, ''The Coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the Cultural and Ethnic Identity of the Dasas''; ''The problem of the Aryans and the Soma''.</ref><ref>Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index, 1912</ref> [[Strabo]] (11.9.2) mentions that the Parnoi belonged to the [[Dahas]] ("[[Dahae]]") and lived in [[Margiana]] and that they founded the [[Arsacid Empire\|Arsacid]] empire of [[Parthia]]. <ref>Parpola 1988</ref>		[[Graeco-Roman]] authors equated the [[Parthia]]ns with a [[Scythian]] tribe called the [[Parni]] (i.e. Greek ''Parnoi''), which has been equated by some with the Panis.<ref>Parpola, Asko: 1988, ''The Coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the Cultural and Ethnic Identity of the Dasas''; ''The problem of the Aryans and the Soma''.</ref><ref>Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index, 1912</ref> [[Strabo]] (11.9.2) mentions that the Parnoi belonged to the [[Dahas]] ("[[Dahae]]") and lived in [[Margiana]] and that they founded the [[Arsacid Empire\|Arsacid]] empire of [[Parthia]].<ref>Parpola 1988</ref>

	They could be related to Panis who were an important tribe of present Pakistan-Afghanistan region lasting to the time of Sikandar Lodi.<ref>Bellew, H.W. 1891. ''An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan''</ref> Ahmed Abdulla writes that "the most important Pakhtun tribes of the Division are Kakar, Panni, Tarin, Shirani and Achakzai all of whom are split up between Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan."<ref>Ahmed Abdulla. 1973. ''The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People''</ref> It is further recorded in Sindh that "according to native accounts, the Parni came to Sibi (Siwi) in 1470 AD."<ref>Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi; {{IAST\|Mīr Muḥammad Maʻṣūm}}. 1972. ''History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind, 1507–1593 : an annotated translation of the relevant parts of {{IAST\|Mir Maʻsum}}'s {{IAST\|Taʼrikh-i-Sind}}, with an introduction & appendices'', p. 20</ref> The same text states that Parnis are also known as "Panni".<ref>Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi; {{IAST\|Mīr Muḥammad Maʻṣūm}}, p. 20</ref>		They could be related to Panis who were an important tribe of present Pakistan-Afghanistan region lasting to the time of Sikandar Lodi.<ref>Bellew, H.W. 1891. ''An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan''</ref> Ahmed Abdulla writes that "the most important Pakhtun tribes of the Division are Kakar, Panni, Tarin, Shirani and Achakzai all of whom are split up between Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan."<ref>Ahmed Abdulla. 1973. ''The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People''</ref> It is further recorded in Sindh that "according to native accounts, the Parni came to Sibi (Siwi) in 1470 AD."<ref>Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi; {{IAST\|Mīr Muḥammad Maʻṣūm}}. 1972. ''History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind, 1507–1593 : an annotated translation of the relevant parts of {{IAST\|Mir Maʻsum}}'s {{IAST\|Taʼrikh-i-Sind}}, with an introduction & appendices'', p. 20</ref> The same text states that Parnis are also known as "Panni".<ref>Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi; {{IAST\|Mīr Muḥammad Maʻṣūm}}, p. 20</ref>

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{{Hinduism small}}
The '''Panis''' ([[Sanskrit]]: पणि : ) are a clan in the [[Rigveda]], from ''paṇi-'', a term for "bargainer, miser," especially applied to one who is sparing of sacrificial oblations. The Panis appear in [[Mandala 10|RV 10]].108 as watchers over [[cattle raid|stolen cows]]. They are located behind the stream [[Rasā]], and sought out by [[Sarama]]. They boast to Sarama that they are well-armed and will not yield the cows without battle, and that the cows are furthermore well hidden in a rocky chamber. Sarama threatens them with the might of [[Indra]] and the [[Angiris|Angirasas]] (apparently fire priests) who will recover the cows.

The "rocky treasure-chest" of the Panis is identical to [[Vala (Vedic)|Vala]], the stone split by Indra to liberate [[Ushas|Dawn]]. The myth is a variant of that of Indra slaying [[Vrtra]], imagined as a stone serpent, liberating the blocked [[Rigvedic rivers|rivers]].

The word ''pani'' is also applied in the Rig Veda to human beings, even respected members of the community, who are unwilling to share their wealth. In one hymn Indra himself is addressed as "pani"<ref>*Pande, G.C. 1991. ''Foundations of Indian Culture: Pt. 1 & 2''.</ref> and in [[Buddhism]] eventually becomes [[Vajrapani]].

[[Graeco-Roman]] authors equated the [[Parthia]]ns with a [[Scythian]] tribe called the [[Parni]] (i.e. Greek ''Parnoi''), which has been equated by some with the Panis.<ref>Parpola, Asko: 1988, ''The Coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the Cultural and Ethnic Identity of the Dasas''; ''The problem of the Aryans and the Soma''.</ref><ref>Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index, 1912</ref> [[Strabo]] (11.9.2) mentions that the Parnoi belonged to the [[Dahas]] ("[[Dahae]]") and lived in [[Margiana]] and that they founded the [[Arsacid Empire|Arsacid]] empire of [[Parthia]]. <ref>Parpola 1988</ref>

They could be related to Panis who were an important tribe of present Pakistan-Afghanistan region lasting to the time of Sikandar Lodi.<ref>Bellew, H.W. 1891. ''An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan''</ref> Ahmed Abdulla writes that "the most important Pakhtun tribes of the Division are Kakar, Panni, Tarin, Shirani and Achakzai all of whom are split up between Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan."<ref>Ahmed Abdulla. 1973. ''The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People''</ref> It is further recorded in Sindh that "according to native accounts, the Parni came to Sibi (Siwi) in 1470 AD."<ref>Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi; {{IAST|Mīr Muḥammad Maʻṣūm}}. 1972. ''History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind, 1507–1593 : an annotated translation of the relevant parts of {{IAST|Mir Maʻsum}}'s {{IAST|Taʼrikh-i-Sind}}, with an introduction & appendices'', p. 20</ref> The same text states that Parnis are also known as "Panni".<ref>Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqi; {{IAST|Mīr Muḥammad Maʻṣūm}}, p. 20</ref>

According to Srimati Akshaya Kumari Devi the Panis were descendants of the [[Punics|Punis (Punics)]] or [[Phoenicians]], who traditionally established sea trading connections with [[Iran]] and [[India]] and mingled with the [[Persians]] and [[Scythians]]. The Panis may have become the [[Vaishya Vani|Vani]] ([[Vaishya|Vanika]]) caste of traders and merchants ([[Rigveda]] 1.56.2, 5.44.7, 8.66.10, 10.108.7, 10.151.8; [[Atharvaveda]] 3.15.1).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/5jbsnbvdpj1s3t4/Bibliographical_Dictionary_of_Puranic_Personages_%26_comments.pdf?dl=0 |title=Bibliographical Dictionary of Puranic Personages |last=Srimati Akshaya Kumari Devi |publisher=Vijaya Krishna Brothers |year=1942 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{refbegin}}
*
*Sethna, K.D. 1992. ''The Problem of Aryan Origins''. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
{{refend}}
[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]
[[Category:Demons in Hinduism]]

Panis - Revision history

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imported>K6bee9 at 08:48, 15 January 2021