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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{infobox person
|name =Pandurang Vasudeo Sukhatme
|birth_date =July 27, 1911
|birth_place =Budh, Satara district, Maharashtra
|occupation =statistician
|children = [[Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme]]
|death_date ={{Death date and age|1997|1|28|1911|7|27}}
}}
'''Pandurang Vasudeo Sukhatme''' (1911–1997) was an Indian statistician. He is known for his pioneering work of applying random sampling methods in agricultural statistics and in biometry, in the 1940s. He was also influential in the establishment of the [[Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute]]. As a part of his work at the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] in Rome, he developed [[statistical model]]s for assessing the dimensions of hunger and future food supplies for the world. He also developed methods for measuring the size and nature of the [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]] gap.

His other major contributions included applying statistical techniques to the study of [[human nutrition]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Professor P. V. Sukhatme – An Eminent Statistician|url=http://www.math.iitb.ac.in/pvs/pvs2.html|work=Department of Mathematics Intro|publisher=IIT Bombay|access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref> One of his ideas, the ''Sukhatme–Margen hypothesis'', suggested that at low calorie intake levels, stored energy in the body is used with greater metabolic efficiency and that the metabolic efficiency decreases as the intake increases above the homeostatic range. This involved paying attention to intra-individual variability that was found to be more than the inter-individual variability in protein or calorie intake. He gave a genetic interpretation of the intra-individual variation jointly with P. Narain.

He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1971.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sukhatme was born in a [[Deshastha Brahmin]] family on 27 July 1911 in village Budh, district [[Satara district|Satara]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]]. He graduated in 1932 from [[Fergusson College]] with Mathematics as principal subject and Physics as subsidiary subject.

From 1932 to 1936, he studied at [[University College London]] where he was awarded a Ph.D. in 1936 and a [[D.Sc.]] in 1939 for his work on bi-partitional functions. With J. Neyman and E. S. Pearson he made significant contributions in the statistical theory of sampling which was instrumental in his subsequent research in sampling theory of survey and improvement of agricultural statistics in India. This ushered in what may appropriately be termed as ''Sukhatme era'' in the development of agricultural statistics in India.

==Professional life==
*1940–1951: Statistical Adviser, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
*1951–1971: Director, Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, [[Rome]]

==Contributions==
Some of Dr Sukhatme's significant contributions in the form of research papers and books are:
* "Contribution to the Theory of the Representative Method", [[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society]] (1935). PhD thesis under the guidance of [[Jerzy Neyman]] and [[Egon Pearson]] (son of [[Karl Pearson]]).
* "On Bi-partitional Functions", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1936). DSc thesis under the guidance of [[Ronald Fisher]].
* "Random Sampling for Estimating Rice Yield in Madras Province", Indian Journal of Agricultural Science (1945).
* "The Problem of Plot Size in Large-Scale Yield Surveys", Journal of the American Statistical Association (1947).
* "Use of Small Size Plots in Yield Surveys", Nature (1947)
* (With V.G.Panse). Crop Surveys in India — II, Journal of Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics (1951).
* (With K. Kishen). Systems of Agricultural Statistics, Bulletin of International Statistical Institute (1951).
* "Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications", Book published jointly by Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics and Iowa State University Press (1954). Translated in Spanish.
* "Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers" (co-author: V G Panse), Book published by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (1954). Translated in Spanish.
* "The World's Hunger and Future Needs in Food Supplies", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (1961).
* "Size and Nature of the Protein Gap", Nutrition Review (1970).
* "The Protein Problem — Its Size and Nature", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (1974).
* (With S. Margen). Models for protein deficiency. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1978).
* "Autoregulatory Homeostatic Nature of Energy Balance", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1982).
* (With P. Narain). The genetic significance of Intra-individual variation in energy requirement. In: W. G. Cochran's Impact on Statistics, Edited by P.S.R.S. Rao and J. Sedransk, John Wiley & Sons., New York (1982).

==Awards==
* 1963 - The [[Guy Medal]] by the Royal Statistical Society, London for his paper on 'The World's Hunger and Future Needs in Food Supplies'.
* 1971 - [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India.
* 1973 - The B.C.Guha Memorial Lectureship of the Indian Science Congress Association.

== Recognition ==
* 1950 - Elected as a [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]].<ref>[http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm View/Search Fellows of the ASA], accessed 2016-07-23.</ref>
* 1982 - [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] Lectureship of the Indian National Science Academy.

==See also==
*[[Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*P. V. Sukhatme (1966) "Major Developments in Sampling Theory and Practice," in [[Florence Nightingale David|F. N. David]] (ed.) ''Research Papers in Statistics,'' New York: Wiley.
*Shashikala Sukhatme (2002) "Pandurang V. Sukhatme 1911–1997," ''Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference,'' 102(1), 3–24.
* P. Narain (2000). Biographical Memoir of P. V. Sukhatme. In: Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, Vol. 22: 155-169.

{{Indian mathematics}}
{{Guy Medal}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukhatme, Pandurang Vasudeo}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian statisticians]]
[[Category:Scientists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:People from Satara district]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]

Pandurang Vasudeo Sukhatme - Revision history

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