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	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~

	[[Category:Archaeological cultures in India]]		[[Category:Archaeological cultures in India]]

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{{Short description|Archaeological site in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Pandu Rajar Dhibi
|native_name =
|alternate_name =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = India West Bengal
|map_alt =
|coordinates = {{coord|23|34|19|N|87|38|59|E|display=inline,title}}
|location = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
|region =
|type = Settlement
|part_of =
|length =
|width =
|area =
|height =
|builder =
|material =
|built = 750 BC or earlier
|abandoned =
|epochs = [[Chalcolithic]] period
|cultures =
|dependency_of =
|occupants =
|event =
|excavations =
|archaeologists =
|condition =
|ownership =
|management =
|public_access =
|website = 
|notes =
| designation1 =
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| designation1_free1name =
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}}

'''Pandu Rajar Dhibi''' is an archaeological site in [[Ausgram II]] block in the [[Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision|Sadar North subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It was the first [[Copper Age|Chalcolithic]] site discovered in West Bengal.<ref>[https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History History: Ancient era] ''en.banglapedia.org''. Retrieved 10 August 2021</ref> The common man believes that the main mound at Pandu Rajar Dhibi is associated with [[Pandu|King Pandu]] mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata]], hence the name came into being from the folklore .<ref name="chattopadhyay">Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folklore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, pp. 125-130, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref><ref name=banglapedia>{{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Shyam Chand |year=2012 |chapter=Pandu Rajar Dhibi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pandu_Rajar_Dhibi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=400| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|23|11|N|87|45|0|E}}| float=right|caption='''Cities and towns in the Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district'''<br/>M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical site, W: river project, C: craft centre<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|14|0|N|87|52|0|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Bardhaman | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Bardhaman]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|30|0|N|87|45|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Guskara| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Guskara]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|15|12|N|87|50|19|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Goda | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Goda, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|16|6|N|87|52|21|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Bahir Sarbamangala | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Bahir Sarbamangala]] (CT)|shape-color4=#A40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|17|4|N|87|52|54|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Mirzapur | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mirzapur, Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|15|10|N|87|53|30|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Nari | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Nari, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|13|6|N|87|55|0|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Gangpur | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Gangpur]] (CT)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|25|25|N|87|32|33|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Raipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Raipur, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|24|30|N|87|32|50|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Bud Bud | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Bud Bud]] (CT)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|23|30|N|87|32|50|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Sukdal | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Sukdal]] (CT)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|27|7|N|87|33|10|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11=Mankar| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Mankar]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|30|56|N|87|39|42|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Ausgram| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Ausgram, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|25|11|N|87|55|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13=Bhatar| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bhatar]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|20|43|N|87|41|8|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Galsi| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Galsi, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|26|20|N|87|35|1|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Amrargar| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Amrargar]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|18|33|N|87|52|14|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Kamnara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Kamnara]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|11|19|N|87|58|12|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Barshul| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Barshul]] (R)| shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|15|45|N|87|58|42|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18=Hatgobindapur| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Hatgobindapur]] (R)| shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|32|30|N|87|37|23|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Bononabagram| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Bononabagram]] (R)| shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|22|16|N|87|37|39|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20=Pursha| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Pursha]] (R)| shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|20|15|N|87|58|47|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21=Kurmun| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Kurmun]] (R)| shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|26|7|N|87|36|9|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=Jamtara| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Jamtara, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|17|39|N|87|38|47|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=Adrahati| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Adrahati]] (R)| shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|34|19|N|87|38|59|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24=Pandu Rajar Dhibi| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Pandu Rajar Dhibi]] (H)|shape-color24=black| label-size24=13|label-color24=black 
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|22|8|N|87|28|15|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25=Randiha| numbered25=W| mark-title25= [[Randiha]] (H)|shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|27|51|N|87|42|1|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Dwariapur| numbered26=C| mark-title26= [[Dwariapur, Bardhaman]] (C)| shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|12|16|N|87|57|36|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Saktigarh| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Saktigarh, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color27=#C42222
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|11|11|N|88|0|57|E}} | label-pos28=top|label28=Palsit| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Palsit]] (R)| shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.2722|87.5665}}| label29=Damodar River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=45| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.5661|87.8404}}| label30=Ajay River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=0| label-pos30=right| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===Location===
It is located near the southern bank of [[Ajay River]] and excavations have been made near Rajpotdanga and Panduk villages.<ref name="chattopadhyay"/><ref name=banglapedia/>

==Excavations==
The site was first excavated by B.B. Lal in 1954-57.<ref name=banglapedia/> While Pandu Rajar Dhibi was the first [[Chalcolithic]] or Copper Age site to be discovered, a number of other sites have been discovered in an area spread over the districts of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Bardhaman district|Bardhaman]], [[Bankura district|Bankura]] and [[Midnapore district|Midnapore]], and interspersed by rivers Brahmani, [[Mayurakshi river|Mayurakshi]], [[Kopai River|Kopai]], [[Ajay River|Ajay]], [[Kunur River|Kunur]], [[Damodar River|Damodar]], [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakesvar]], [[Shilabati River|Shilabati]], and [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan]] later in 1962 to 63 the archaeology department of West Bengal excavated some areas of Ajay, Kunur, Kopay in Birbhum and Bardhaman district through this excavation the archaeologists found some elements of ancient civilizations that was existed in 1500 BCE the excavated site nearest the South Bank of a river origin name as Rajar dhibi as The Scholars found its main Mound associate with the "Pandu Raja" mentioned in the Mahabharata .<ref name=banglapedia/>

There were two main periods – the Chalcolithic period around 1600 BC – 750 BC, and the [[Iron Age]].<ref name=banglapedia/>

==The people and their culture==
As to the artists of the Chalcolithic culture of Bengal, we are in the dark. They might have been proto-Australoids or Veddoids. From an examination of skeletal remains (14-male, female & children) it appears that they were long-headed and medium to tall in height, resembling the Santals or the Sabaras.

There was perhaps a brisk maritime trade in Chalcolithic Bengal, but unfortunately sufficient evidence is not available. Certainly, the Ajay and her tributaries meeting the Bhagirathi were navigable at that time. The excavation at Pandu Rajar Dhibi has provided evidence for the gradual growth of a Chalcolithic culture and its displacement by iron-using people. There is evidence of a great conflagration in period III, which may be considered as the transitional period. The transition perhaps led to the exit of the Chalcolithic culture and entrance of the Iron Age.<ref name=banglapedia/>

==Significance==
The excavations at Pandu Rajar Dhibi reveal the origin of the [[Bengali people|Bengalis]]. The Copper Age civilisation in eastern Indiia but also distant lands such as Crete and the Mediterranean lands. They were predominantly a seafaring people.<ref name=Majumdar>Majumdar, R.C., ''History of Ancient Bengal'', 2005 edition, pp. 20-22???????</ref>

==Limitations==
The archaeological discoveries at Pandu Rajar Dhibi and the surrounding areas have not yet been properly studied by experts and as such the historical value must be regarded as uncertain.<ref name=Majumdar/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Non-extant Bengal places}}
{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}
{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}

{{Portal|India}}

[[Category:Archaeological cultures in India]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Purba Bardhaman district]]

Pandu Rajar Dhibi - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

imported>Billjones94 at 06:30, 10 August 2021