Pandey Ganpat Rai - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:02, 26 April 2022
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	\| honorific_suffix =		\| honorific_suffix =
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| birth_date = 18 January 1809		\| birth_date = 17 January 1809
	\| birth_place = [[Lohardaga district]], [[Bihar]] (now in [[Jharkhand]])		\| birth_place = [[Lohardaga district]], [[Bihar]] (now in [[Jharkhand]])
	\| death_date = 21 April 1858<!-- {{Death date and age\|1857\|MM\|DD\|1809\|MM\|DD\|df=yes}}		\| death_date = 21 April 1858<!-- {{Death date and age\|1857\|MM\|DD\|1809\|MM\|DD\|df=yes}}
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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	He was born on January 17, 1809 in Bhounro village of [[Lohardaga district]]. He was born in a [[Kayastha]] [[zamindar]] family. His father was Ramkishun Rai Srivastava and Mother Sumitra Devi. His uncle Sadashiv Rai Srivastava was Dewan of [[Nagvanshi dynasty\|Nagvanshi]] Maharaja Jagannath Shahdeo~~. Ganpat Rai was very intelligent from his young days thus he was honored with Title ''Pandey'' by Locals~~. After death of his uncle Maharaja appointed him as Dewan after seeing his capability.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/story/709146.html\|title=1857 की क्रांति के नायक पांडेय गणपत राय\|website=www.prabhatkhabar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/ganpat-rais-birth-anniversary-celebrated.html\|title=Ganpat Rai's birth anniversary celebrated\|website=www.dailypioneer.com}}</ref>		He was born on January 17, 1809 in Bhounro village of [[Lohardaga district]]. He was born in a [[Kayastha]] [[zamindar]] family. His family name was [[Pandey]] of [[Srivastava]] subcaste.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Harivansh Rai Bachchan\|title=kya bhulun kya yaad karu\|page=11-12\|language=en}}</ref> His father was Ramkishun Rai Srivastava and Mother Sumitra Devi. His uncle Sadashiv Rai Srivastava was Dewan of [[Nagvanshi dynasty\|Nagvanshi]] Maharaja Jagannath Shahdeo. After the death of his uncle Maharaja appointed him as Dewan after seeing his capability.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/story/709146.html\|title=1857 की क्रांति के नायक पांडेय गणपत राय\|website=www.prabhatkhabar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/ganpat-rais-birth-anniversary-celebrated.html\|title=Ganpat Rai's birth anniversary celebrated\|website=www.dailypioneer.com}}</ref>

	==Pre-rebellion ==		==Pre-rebellion ==
	Pandey Ganpat Rai was [[zamindar]] of Bhunra and served as the diwan to the [[Maharaja]] of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau\|Chota Nagpur]] who belonged to the [[Nagvanshi dynasty]]. He was initially sceptical of the British presence in the region and believed them to be interfering in his work. ~~After seeing atrocities of British,~~ Ganpat Rai tried to convince Maharaja Jagannath Shahdeo against British but not succeed.<ref name=Jha1983>{{cite journal \| title=Ganpat Rai of Bhunra \| author= Pratap Narayan Jha \| journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \|volume = 44\| year=1983 \| pages= 370–371\|jstor = 44139860}}</ref> His refusal to work with British officials led to him being dismissed from his role and in response he started to organise like-minded people to help him gain revenge.<ref name=Jha1983 />		Pandey Ganpat Rai was [[zamindar]] of Bhunra and served as the diwan to the [[Maharaja]] of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau\|Chota Nagpur]] who belonged to the [[Nagvanshi dynasty]]. He was initially sceptical of the British presence in the region and believed them to be interfering in his work. Ganpat Rai eventually became opposed to British colonial rule and tried to convince Maharaja Jagannath Shahdeo to united with him against the British but not succeed.<ref name=Jha1983>{{cite journal \| title=Ganpat Rai of Bhunra \| author= Pratap Narayan Jha \| journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \|volume = 44\| year=1983 \| pages= 370–371\|jstor = 44139860}}</ref> His refusal to work with British officials led to him being dismissed from his role and in response he started to organise like-minded people to help him gain revenge.<ref name=Jha1983 />

	He formed an alliance with fellow chieftains including [[Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo]] and Nadir Ali Khan before being subsequently hanged by the [[British Raj\|British]] authorities.<ref name=Ustad1997>{{cite journal \| jstor=44143953 \| title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district, During the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar \| author= Mathur Das Ustad \| journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \| volume=58 \| year=1997 \| pages=493–500}}</ref>		He formed an alliance with fellow chieftains including [[Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo]] and Nadir Ali Khan before being subsequently hanged by the [[British Raj\|British]] authorities.<ref name=Ustad1997>{{cite journal \| jstor=44143953 \| title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district, During the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar \| author= Mathur Das Ustad \| journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \| volume=58 \| year=1997 \| pages=493–500}}</ref>
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	==1857 rebellion==		==1857 rebellion==
	{{See also\|Battle of Chatra}}		{{See also\|Battle of Chatra}}
	As the rebellion spread throughout the various regions of [[North India]], both Ganpat Rai and Vishwanath Shahdeo decided to assume leadership with Ganpat Rai being named as the commander-in-chief.<ref name="Datta1957">{{cite book\|author1=K. Datta\|title=Unrest Against British Rule In Bihar(1831-1859)\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206784\|year=1957\|publisher=Superintendent Secretariat Press\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206784/page/n51 62]–65}}</ref> They assembled a force of around 1,100 men.<ref name="Pati2010">{{cite book\|author=Biswamoy Pati\|title=The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: Exploring Transgressions, Contests and Diversities\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUGMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20\|date=25 February 2010\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-22514-8\|pages=20–}}</ref> They managed to recruit mutinying [[sepoys]] from [[Ramgarh district\|Ramgarh]] and proceeded to throw the region into a state of anarchy causing many British officials to flee the area. Their end goal was to proceed through [[Palamu district]] and reach [[Arrah]] were they would join their forces with [[Kunwar Singh]] who was the leader of the rebel forces in North Bihar.<ref name=Datta1957 /> Much of their initial success was due to the terrain of the region which was mainly forested and hilly allowing the rebels to escape easily. One of these conflicts later became known as the ~~infamous~~ Battle of Chatra in which British troops assisted by [[Sikh]] sepoys besieged the village of Chatra with each side suffering heavy losses before the British eventually ~~drove them out~~.<ref name=Jha1982>{{cite journal \| jstor=44141295 \| title=The Battle of Chatra \| author= J. C. Jha\| journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \| volume=43 \| year=1982 \| pages= 602–609 }}</ref>		As the rebellion spread throughout the various regions of [[North India]], both Ganpat Rai and Vishwanath Shahdeo decided to assume leadership with Ganpat Rai being named as the commander-in-chief.<ref name="Datta1957">{{cite book\|author1=K. Datta\|title=Unrest Against British Rule In Bihar(1831-1859)\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206784\|year=1957\|publisher=Superintendent Secretariat Press\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206784/page/n51 62]–65}}</ref> They assembled a force of around 1,100 men.<ref name="Pati2010">{{cite book\|author=Biswamoy Pati\|title=The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: Exploring Transgressions, Contests and Diversities\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUGMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20\|date=25 February 2010\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-22514-8\|pages=20–}}</ref> They managed to recruit mutinying [[sepoys]] from [[Ramgarh district\|Ramgarh]] and proceeded to throw the region into a state of anarchy causing many British officials to flee the area. Their end goal was to proceed through [[Palamu district]] and reach [[Arrah]] were they would join their forces with [[Kunwar Singh]] who was the leader of the rebel forces in North Bihar.<ref name=Datta1957 /> Much of their initial success was due to the terrain of the region which was mainly forested and hilly allowing the rebels to escape easily. One of these conflicts later became known as the [[Battle of Chatra]], in which British troops, assisted by [[Sikh]] sepoys, besieged rebels in the village of Chatra with each side suffering heavy losses before the British eventually stormed and captured the village.<ref name=Jha1982>{{cite journal \| jstor=44141295 \| title=The Battle of Chatra \| author= J. C. Jha\| journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress \| volume=43 \| year=1982 \| pages= 602–609 }}</ref>

	During this period, he declared that the [[British Raj]] had supposedly come to an end.<ref name="Knayar2007">{{cite book\|author=Pramod Knayar\|title=The Great Uprising: India, 1857\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TejWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT93\|date=9 May 2007\|publisher=Penguin Books Limited\|isbn=978-93-5214-153-1\|pages=93–}}</ref> In the meantime, the British forces led by Colonel Dalton were assisted by loyal zamindars including those of [[Ramgarh Raj]].<ref name=Jha1983 />		During this period, he declared that the [[British Raj]] had supposedly come to an end.<ref name="Knayar2007">{{cite book\|author=Pramod Knayar\|title=The Great Uprising: India, 1857\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TejWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT93\|date=9 May 2007\|publisher=Penguin Books Limited\|isbn=978-93-5214-153-1\|pages=93–}}</ref> In the meantime, the British forces led by Colonel Dalton were assisted by loyal zamindars including those of [[Ramgarh Raj]].<ref name=Jha1983 />

imported>Abhishek0831996: /* Pre-rebellion */

2021-04-03T12:09:02Z

Pre-rebellion

New page

{{Infobox person
| name = Pandey Ganpat Rai
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| caption =
| birth_date = 18 January 1809
| birth_place = [[Lohardaga district]], [[Bihar]] (now in [[Jharkhand]])
| death_date = 21 April 1858
|death_place = [[Ramgarh Cantonment|Ramgarh]]
| occupation = [[Divan|Diwan]] and [[Commander]]
| known_for = Freedom stugle in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
| notable_works =
| father = Ram Kishun Rai
| mother = Sumitra Devi
| relatives =
}}
'''Pandey Ganpat Rai''' (1809-1858) was a revolutionary and rebel leader in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and a chieftain in [[Lohardaga district]] of [[Bihar]] (now a part of [[Jharkhand]]).<ref name="MishraPaty2010">{{cite book|author1=Asha Mishra|author2=Chittaranjan Kumar Paty|title=Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857-2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6fWJQOfzwC&pg=PA85|year=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-686-2|pages=85–}}</ref><ref name="Sinha">{{cite book|author=Anuj Kumar Sinha|title=Unsung Heroes of Jharkhand Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fikvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16|year=2001|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-93-5266-000-1|page=16}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born on January 17, 1809 in Bhounro village of [[Lohardaga district]]. He was born in a [[Kayastha]] [[zamindar]] family. His father was Ramkishun Rai Srivastava and Mother Sumitra Devi. His uncle Sadashiv Rai Srivastava was Dewan of [[Nagvanshi dynasty|Nagvanshi]] Maharaja Jagannath Shahdeo. Ganpat Rai was very intelligent from his young days thus he was honored with Title ''Pandey'' by Locals. After death of his uncle Maharaja appointed him as Dewan after seeing his capability.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/story/709146.html|title=1857 की क्रांति के नायक पांडेय गणपत राय|website=www.prabhatkhabar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/ganpat-rais-birth-anniversary-celebrated.html|title=Ganpat Rai's birth anniversary celebrated|website=www.dailypioneer.com}}</ref>

==Pre-rebellion ==
Pandey Ganpat Rai was [[zamindar]] of Bhunra and served as the diwan to the [[Maharaja]] of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]] who belonged to the [[Nagvanshi dynasty]]. He was initially sceptical of the British presence in the region and believed them to be interfering in his work. After seeing atrocities of British, Ganpat Rai tried to convince Maharaja Jagannath Shahdeo against British but not succeed.<ref name=Jha1983>{{cite journal | title=Ganpat Rai of Bhunra | author= Pratap Narayan Jha | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 44| year=1983 | pages= 370–371|jstor = 44139860}}</ref> His refusal to work with British officials led to him being dismissed from his role and in response he started to organise like-minded people to help him gain revenge.<ref name=Jha1983 />

He formed an alliance with fellow chieftains including [[Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo]] and Nadir Ali Khan before being subsequently hanged by the [[British Raj|British]] authorities.<ref name=Ustad1997>{{cite journal | jstor=44143953 | title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district, During the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar | author= Mathur Das Ustad | journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | volume=58 | year=1997 | pages=493–500}}</ref>

==1857 rebellion==
{{See also|Battle of Chatra}}
As the rebellion spread throughout the various regions of [[North India]], both Ganpat Rai and Vishwanath Shahdeo decided to assume leadership with Ganpat Rai being named as the commander-in-chief.<ref name="Datta1957">{{cite book|author1=K. Datta|title=Unrest Against British Rule In Bihar(1831-1859)|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206784|year=1957|publisher=Superintendent Secretariat Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206784/page/n51 62]–65}}</ref> They assembled a force of around 1,100 men.<ref name="Pati2010">{{cite book|author=Biswamoy Pati|title=The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: Exploring Transgressions, Contests and Diversities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUGMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|date=25 February 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-22514-8|pages=20–}}</ref> They managed to recruit mutinying [[sepoys]] from [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]] and proceeded to throw the region into a state of anarchy causing many British officials to flee the area. Their end goal was to proceed through [[Palamu district]] and reach [[Arrah]] were they would join their forces with [[Kunwar Singh]] who was the leader of the rebel forces in North Bihar.<ref name=Datta1957 /> Much of their initial success was due to the terrain of the region which was mainly forested and hilly allowing the rebels to escape easily. One of these conflicts later became known as the infamous Battle of Chatra in which British troops assisted by [[Sikh]] sepoys besieged the village of Chatra with each side suffering heavy losses before the British eventually drove them out.<ref name=Jha1982>{{cite journal | jstor=44141295 | title=The Battle of Chatra | author= J. C. Jha| journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | volume=43 | year=1982 | pages= 602–609 }}</ref>

During this period, he declared that the [[British Raj]] had supposedly come to an end.<ref name="Knayar2007">{{cite book|author=Pramod Knayar|title=The Great Uprising: India, 1857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TejWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT93|date=9 May 2007|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5214-153-1|pages=93–}}</ref> In the meantime, the British forces led by Colonel Dalton were assisted by loyal zamindars including those of [[Ramgarh Raj]].<ref name=Jha1983 />

However, as they attempted to march towards Kunwar Singh's position, they were intercepted by a battalion led by Major English on the 2nd of October. In the ensuing battle both rebel leaders were defeated and retreated.<ref name=MishraPaty2010 /> Eventually after numerous skirmishes and battles with both local zamindars and the British, the authorities had managed to create a robust intelligence network and they were captured in March 1858 and then hanged on the 21st of April that same year.<ref name=MishraPaty2010 />

==Legacy==
The governments of Jharkhand and Bihar have made many efforts to preserve the memory of Pandey Ganpat Rai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhagat |first1=Sameer |title=1857: Rebellion In Chotanagpur And Palamau Regions Of Jharkhand |url=https://www.focusmagazine.in/1857-rebellion-in-chotanagpur-and-palamau-regions-of-jharkhand/ |accessdate=25 February 2019 |publisher=Focus Magazine |date=30 November 2018}}</ref>
In 2012, the Jharkhand government organised the redevelopment of Pandey Ganpat Rai's village in Lohardaga district including the creation of new roads, a cultural centre and improved electric supplies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Correspondent |title=Martyr village upgrade |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/martyr-village-upgrade/cid/380400 |accessdate=25 February 2019 |agency=The Telegraph India |date=10 September 2012}}</ref>

In 2017, members of the [[Indian National Congress]] also paid tribute to the rebel leader and referred to him by the title of ''[[Shaheed]]'' which means martyr.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Admin |title=Congress leaders pay homage to Amar Saheed Pandey Ganpat Rai |url=http://jharkhandstatenews.com/article/top-stories/2282/congress-leaders-pay-homage-to-amar-saheed-pandey-ganpat-rai |accessdate=25 February 2019 |agency=Jharkhand State News |date=21 April 2017}}</ref>

There is also a memorial badminton championship named after Ganpat Rai called the Pandey Ganpat Ray Memorial Badminton Championship which was inaugurated in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Vinod |title=Three-day State level badminton championship begins at lohardaga |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/three-day-state-level-badminton-championship-begins-at-lohardaga.html |accessdate=25 February 2019 |agency=The Pioneer |date=16 February 2018}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Pandey Ganpat}}
[[Category:1809 births]]
[[Category:1858 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]