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{{Short description|Archaeological sites in Mithila region}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Pandav Sthan
| native_name = पाण्डव स्थान
| native_name_lang = mai
| alternate_name = Panr (Pāṇḍavasthāna)
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.6866718|N|85.8008610|E}}
| location = Panr, Dalsinghsarai block
| region = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]]
| type = Archaeological sites
| part_of = Mahabharata
| area = 22 acres
| cultures = *[[Hinduism]]
*[[Chalcolithic|copper age civilization]]
*[[Kushan Empire|Kushan civilization]]
}}

'''Pandav Sthan''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: पांडव स्थान, [[Romanization|Romanised]]: ''Pāṇḍavasthāna'') also known as ''Panr'' is an ancient [[Archaeology|archaeological]] site in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=महाभारतकालीन पांडव स्थान उपेक्षित, खोदाई स्थल पर लोग कर रहे खेती Samastipur News - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-people-doing-farming-at-excavation-site-of-pandava-place-of-mahabharat-epochal-19666303.html |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is related to the epic [[Mahabharata]]. It is located at Panr village of the [[Dalsinghsarai|Dalsingsarai]] block in the [[Samastipur district]] of [[Bihar]] in [[India]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-03-21 |title=जहां पांडवों ने लिया था आश्रय, उस पांडव स्थान को अब भी है उद्धार का इंतजार |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/samastipur-pandav-sthan-that-is-related-to-mahabharat-kaal-archaeological-department-found-many-rare-articles-brs24032005413 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=राजपूत |first=श्री |date=2020-08-28 |title=महाभारत युग में पांडवों ने बिहार के इस जगह बनाया था सुरंग, आज वहां स्थानीय लोग करते हैं खेती |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/cultivation-takes-place-in-the-pandava-place-of-samastipur-which-contains-many-secrets-of-mahabharata-era-ann-1542820 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref> Presently there is a temple known as ''Pandava Krishna Dham Mandir'' near the site in which the statues of [[Krishna]] and the five [[Pandava|Pandavas]] are installed.<ref name=":2" /> In historical records, Panr has been mentioned as an ancient and historical city on the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Ganges plains]] of the Mithila region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Satyendra Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj9bfwN2ercC |title=Rājagṛha: The City of Eminence |date=2011 |publisher=K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute |isbn=978-81-89785-00-0 |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVtuAAAAMAAJ |title=Some Aspects of the Cultural History of Mithila: The Janaka Dynasty, the Karnātas & the Oinwāras |date=2005 |publisher=University Department of History and A.I.H.C. & Archaeology, T.M. Bhagalpur University |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=Shiva Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iWcAAAAMAAJ |title=Educational Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to 1206 A.D. with Special Reference to Mithilā |date=1998 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan |isbn=978-81-85205-71-7 |pages=165 |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
According to the director ''Vijay Kumar Chaudhary'' of the [[Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute]] in [[Patna]], the [[radiocarbon dating]] proves that the antiquities found here are about 3600 years old. Similarly a 400-years-old civilization was also found here. It became an important trading center from time to time until the [[The Buddha|Buddha]] period. During the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan period]], the entire area was developed as a city.<ref name=":1" />

The [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]], [[Nitish Kumar]], and other political leaders also inspected the excavations. They also said that this archaeological site should be given the status of a tourist spot but later the excavations were stopped and neglected. Nowadays the local residents are making the lands of the site as fertile soil for agriculture purposes.<ref name=":1" />

== Excavations ==
In the year 2002, archaeological excavations were conducted in which evidence of the ''[[Kushan Empire|Kushan civilization]]'' was found there.<ref name=":0" /> Till the year 2020, eight archaeological excavations were conducted at the site. The excavations were conducted in the supervision of the [[Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute]] in Patna. The archaeologists were deputed to this site by the research institute to supervise the excavations. According to these excavations, the entire area is divided into three cultural phases. They are 2000 BCE Copper Age, 300 BCE black polished pottery and 100 BCE pre-Kushana period.<ref name=":1" /> It is spread over about 22 acres of land. In the excavations, some walls of thickness ranged from 45 cm to one meter wide as well as 15 pillers were found at the site.<ref name=":0" />

An inscription in [[Brahmi script]] was found on a piece of pottery. After reading the inscriptions of the Brahmi script on the piece of the clay pottery, some information about the ruler and the governance system was obtained.<ref name=":1" /> Similarly some idols which are related to [[Natha Sampradaya|Nath]] Puja were excavated from the archeological site. According to the archaeological remains found, the site is identified as a 350 to 4000 years old [[Chalcolithic|copper age civilization]].<ref name=":0" />

The archaeologists have also excavated the antiquities of copper coins with portraits of kings, copper bowls, tools, seals, pottery, sculptures, onyx stones, beads, black lustrous pottery, ivory and [[Kushan coinage|Kushan coins]], etc. According to the [[Radiocarbon dating]] examination conducted for these antiquities at the [[Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences|Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeontology]] in [[Lucknow]] revealed that all these items were about 3600 years old.<ref name=":0" />

== Legends ==
According to legend, it is believed that the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] during their exile came here.<ref name=":0" /> The Pandava Sthan is associated with the legends of the [[Mahabharata]] period.<ref name=":1" /> It is said that when the [[Kaurava|Kuru]] prince [[Duryodhana]] tried to kill the Pandavas by setting fire to the [[Lakshagriha]] in the epic Mahabharata, then all the Pandavas came to this place through a tunnel and stayed here for several days. It was built as their shelter during the exile.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Mithila]]
[[Category:Samastipur district]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bihar]]

Pandav Sthan - Revision history

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