Panchkalshi - Revision history

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Added citation to support the statement.

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	'''Panchkalshi~~''' or '''SKP~~''' is a Hindu community. They are one of the original native communities of [[Mumbai]], India. Since the 19th century the community has called itself '''Somvanshi Kshatriya ~~Pathare~~'''<ref name="Māḍagã̄vakara2009">{{cite book\|author=Govinda Nārāyaṇa Māḍagã̄vakara\|title=Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hmdwd_bigC&pg=PR9\|year=2009\|publisher=Anthem Press\|isbn=978-1-84331-305-2\|pages=9–}}</ref>		'''Panchkalshi''' is a Hindu community. They are one of the original native communities of [[Bombay (Mumbai)]] metropolitan area in the [[Konkan division]] of India. Since the 19th century the community has called itself '''Somvanshi Kshatriya
			'''.<ref name="Māḍagã̄vakara2009">{{cite book\|author=Govinda Nārāyaṇa Māḍagã̄vakara\|title=Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hmdwd_bigC&pg=PR9\|year=2009\|publisher=Anthem Press\|isbn=978-1-84331-305-2\|pages=9–}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	They are ~~one of the communities,~~ who migrated to [[Mumbai]] in 13th century AD along with [[Yaduvanshi]] king, [[Bhima of Mahikavati\|Raja Bhimdev]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Da Cunha\|first1=Joseph Gerson\|title=The origin of Bombay\|date=2004\|publisher=Asian Educational service\|location=New Delhi\|page=42\|isbn=9788120608153\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miD5YO05jpUC}}</ref> According to tradition, the Panchkalshis derive their name from the fact that their former headman used to sit on a canopied throne surmounted by five [[kalasha]]s.<ref>Bombay: social change, 1813-1857</ref> A census from 1780 of Mahim and Bombay fort showed SKP community to be 8% and 4% of the population of these two localities respectively.<ref>{{cite book\|title=BRAHME, Sulabha. 39 GROWTH AND METAMORPHOSIS OF BOMBAY THROUGH FOUR CENTURIES OF GLOBALISATION. In: City, Space+ Globalization: An International Perspective: Proceedings of an International Symposium, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, the University of Michigan, February 26-28, 1998. College of, 1998. p. 312\|s2cid=29038598\|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092000/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2018-04-14}}</ref> During the Portuguese ~~occupation~~ of Bassein, many ~~hindus~~ including some Panchkalshi adopted Christianity.<ref>D'Silva, R.D. “EARLY PHASE OF CHRISTIANITY IN BASSEIN.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 33, 1971, pp. 342–349., www.jstor.org/stable/44145351. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>		They are a people who migrated to [[Bombay (Mumbai)]] in 13th century AD along with [[Yaduvanshi]] king, [[Bhima of Mahikavati\|Raja Bhimdev]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Da Cunha\|first1=Joseph Gerson\|title=The origin of Bombay\|date=2004\|publisher=Asian Educational service\|location=New Delhi\|page=42\|isbn=9788120608153\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miD5YO05jpUC}}</ref> According to tradition, the Panchkalshis derive their name from the fact that their former headman used to sit on a canopied throne surmounted by five [[kalasha]]s.<ref>Bombay: social change, 1813-1857</ref> A census from 1780 of Mahim and Bombay fort showed SKP community to be 8% and 4% of the population of these two localities respectively.<ref>{{cite book\|title=BRAHME, Sulabha. 39 GROWTH AND METAMORPHOSIS OF BOMBAY THROUGH FOUR CENTURIES OF GLOBALISATION. In: City, Space+ Globalization: An International Perspective: Proceedings of an International Symposium, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, the University of Michigan, February 26-28, 1998. College of, 1998. p. 312\|s2cid=29038598\|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092000/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2018-04-14}}</ref> During the Portuguese colonisation of Bombay, Bassein& Taana; many Hindus including some Panchkalshi adopted Christianity.<ref>D'Silva, R.D. “EARLY PHASE OF CHRISTIANITY IN BASSEIN.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 33, 1971, pp. 342–349., www.jstor.org/stable/44145351. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref> A number of them were converted back to [[Hinduism in Maharashtra]] after the [[Peshva]] Brahmins led the Mahratta invasion of Taana, Bassein & Colaaba.
	~~During~~ the British era ~~in Mumbai~~, the community took to carpentry, contract work ~~and~~ architecture.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sahoo\|first1=Priyanka\|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/\|access-date=17 April 2018\|issue=July 25, 2015\|publisher=Indian Express\|date=2015}}</ref>		In the [[British Bombay]] era, the community took to carpentry, contract work & architecture.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sahoo\|first1=Priyanka\|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/\|access-date=17 April 2018\|issue=July 25, 2015\|publisher=Indian Express\|date=2015}}</ref>
	~~Panchkalshi~~ consider themselves one notch above [[Chaukalshi]].<ref>Bombay: the cities within</ref>		Panchkalshis consider themselves one notch above the [[Chaukalshi]]s.<ref>Bombay: the cities within</ref>
	This community was one of first communities to advocate widow re-marriage.		This community was one of first communities to advocate widow re-marriage.

	==Culture==		==Culture==
	Even though being a small community and having been exposed to western culture due to centuries of European rule of the place, people from the SKP community celebrate their festivals so as to pass down their traditions to the next generation. Exceptions to certain celebration like the high caste Hindu sacred thread ceremony "Munja Ceremony", which was abolished in the early 20th centuries by the leaders of the society, because as such it is unnecessary expense and was not relevant in this day and age. So a lot of educated families at that time stopped the tradition of "Munja Ceremony". Also, widow remarriage was accepted.		Even though being a small community and having been exposed to western culture due to centuries of European rule of the place, people from the SKP community celebrate their festivals so as to pass down their traditions to the next generation. Exceptions to certain celebration like the high caste Hindu sacred thread ceremony "Munja Ceremony", which was abolished in the early 20th centuries by the leaders of the society, because as such it is unnecessary expense and was not relevant in this day and age. So a lot of educated families at that time stopped the tradition of "Munja Ceremony". Also, widow remarriage was accepted.
	<ref>http://www.skpworld.com/traditions</ref>		<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.skpworld.com/traditions\|title = Maintenance in progress}}</ref>

	Pachkalshi have founded at least three Hindu temples in Mumbai like ''Malkeshwar'' temple in [[Parel]] and also [[Shiva\|Mahadev]] temple named after famous [[Parli Vaijnath]] temple is said to have been built by them. Another temple built by them is of their [[Kuldevi]] [[Vajreshwari Temple\|Vajreshwari devi]].<ref>The gazetteer of Bombay city and island (1910)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=48r8I_TDw8EC~~&pg=PA34&dq=panchkalshi+temple&hl=en&ei=Q-6zTqWzEoj4rQen47DLAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage~~&q=temple&f=~~false~~] The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect By Stephen Meredyth Edwardes</ref> The community celebrates a unique festival.On Pithori [[Amavasya]],(last date in Lunar Shaka month of [[Shravan]]) the women in the family pray to 64 [[yogini]]s for the well-being of the children.The women make offerings to figurines of the 64 deities made of flour.The eldest woman in the family holds the figurines on her head and the children surround her.It signifies that the deities will keep a watch on the children.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sahoo\|first1=Priyanka\|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/\|access-date=17 April 2018\|issue=July 25, 2015\|publisher=Indian Express\|date=2015}}</ref>		Pachkalshi have founded at least three Hindu temples in Mumbai like ''Malkeshwar'' temple in [[Parel]] and also [[Shiva\|Mahadev]] temple named after famous [[Parli Vaijnath]] temple is said to have been built by them. Another temple built by them is of their [[Kuldevi]] [[Vajreshwari Temple\|Vajreshwari devi]].<ref>The gazetteer of Bombay city and island (1910)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=48r8I_TDw8EC&q=temple&pg=PA34] The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect By Stephen Meredyth Edwardes</ref> The community celebrates a unique festival.On Pithori [[Amavasya]],(last date in Lunar Shaka month of [[Shravan]]) the women in the family pray to 64 [[yogini]]s for the well-being of the children.The women make offerings to figurines of the 64 deities made of flour.The eldest woman in the family holds the figurines on her head and the children surround her.It signifies that the deities will keep a watch on the children.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sahoo\|first1=Priyanka\|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/\|access-date=17 April 2018\|issue=July 25, 2015\|publisher=Indian Express\|date=2015}}</ref>

	The community is often confused with the [[Pathare Prabhu]]s because during the British era both communities were recorded as the same in the census.Although the culture of both communities may be similar, the two are in fact separate communities.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sahoo\|first1=Priyanka\|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/\|access-date=17 April 2018\|issue=July 25, 2015\|publisher=Indian Express\|date=2015}}</ref>		The community is often confused with the [[Pathare Prabhu]]s because during the British era both communities were recorded as the same in the census.Although the culture of both communities may be similar, the two are in fact separate communities.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sahoo\|first1=Priyanka\|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/\|access-date=17 April 2018\|issue=July 25, 2015\|publisher=Indian Express\|date=2015}}</ref>

	==Surnames==		==Surnames==
	Being natives of [[Mumbai]], many families in the community use surnames derived by adding the suffix -kar to names of the old Mumbai villages (now suburbs) such as [[Borivali]], [[Malad]], [[Goregaon]], [[Bhayandar]], [[Thane]], [[Chembur]], [[Dadar]], [[Mahim]], [[Parel]], [[virar]], [[Juhu]] and [[Worli]].		Being natives of [[Mumbai]], many families in the community use surnames derived by adding the suffix -kar to names of the old Mumbai villages (now suburbs) such as [[Bordi]], [[Tarapur (disambiguation)\|Tarapur]],
			[[Kurgaon]], [[Chinchani]], [[Borivali]], [[Palghar]], [[Dahisar]], [[Malad]], [[Goregaon]], [[Bhayandar]], [[Thane]], [[Chembur]], [[Dadar]], [[Mahim]], [[Parel]], [[virar]], [[Juhu]] and [[Worli]].

			The Other famous surnames are Churi, Save, Vartak, Chaudhari, Patil, Raut,Gharat, Mhatre, Thakur, Sawtale, Purav, Pathare, Naik , Darvalikar, Mantri .

	==Notables==		==Notables==
	*Gangaji Naik was a prominent Maratha warrior and sardar of the 18th century. He was the prime ally of Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa during the battle of Vasai during 1737-38.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Sardesai\|first=H. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deHZAUDHzYwC&~~pg=PA548&dq~~=gangaji+naik#q=~~gangaji%20naik~~\|title=Shivaji, the Great Maratha\|date=2002\|publisher=Cosmo Publications\|isbn=978-81-7755-286-7\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Harischandra\|first=Prakash\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ip_dywEACAAJ&dq=chimaji+appa+saheb+peshwa+the+slayer+of+the+portuguese\|title=Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa: The Slayer of the Portuguese Regime: Story of the Unsung Hero of the Peshwa Regime\|date=2019-11-03\|publisher=Independently Published\|isbn=978-1-6977-5165-9\|language=en}}</ref>		*Gangaji Naik was a prominent Maratha warrior and sardar of the 18th century. He was the prime ally of Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa during the battle of Vasai during 1737-38.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Sardesai\|first=H. S.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deHZAUDHzYwC&q=gangaji+naik&pg=PA548\|title=Shivaji, the Great Maratha\|date=2002\|publisher=Cosmo Publications\|isbn=978-81-7755-286-7\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Harischandra\|first=Prakash\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ip_dywEACAAJ&q=chimaji+appa+saheb+peshwa+the+slayer+of+the+portuguese\|title=Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa: The Slayer of the Portuguese Regime: Story of the Unsung Hero of the Peshwa Regime\|date=2019-11-03\|publisher=Independently Published\|isbn=978-1-6977-5165-9\|language=en}}</ref>
	*Dr [[Sakharam Arjun]] (1839-1885)-Physician and a founding member of the [[Bombay Natural History Society]]<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Millard W. S. (1932)\|title=The founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.\|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomb35121931bomb#page/196/mode/2up\|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society\|volume= 35. No. 1 & 2\|pages=196–197}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|author=Reuben, Rachel\|year=2005\|title=The Indian Founders\|journal=Hornbill\|issue=April–June\|pages=13–15}}</ref>{{qn\|date=April 2018}}.Step-father of the pioneering woman physician [[Rukhmabai]]		*Dr [[Sakharam Arjun]] (1839-1885) - Physician and a founding member of the [[Bombay Natural History Society]]<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Millard W. S. (1932)\|title=The founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.\|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomb35121931bomb#page/196/mode/2up\|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society\|year=1886\|volume= 35. No. 1 & 2\|pages=196–197}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|author=Reuben, Rachel\|year=2005\|title=The Indian Founders\|journal=Hornbill\|issue=April–June\|pages=13–15}}</ref>{{qn\|date=April 2018}}. Step-father of the pioneering woman physician [[Rukhmabai]]
	*Dr [[Rukhmabai]] (1864-1955) - One of the first Indian ~~lady~~ doctors.<ref>Chandra, S., 1992. Whose laws?: Notes on a legitimising myth of the colonial Indian state. Studies in History, 8(2), pp.187-211</ref>		*Dr [[Rukhmabai]] (1864-1955) - One of the first Indian lbook
			doctors.<ref>Chandra, S., 1992. Whose laws?: Notes on a legitimising myth of the colonial Indian state. Studies in History, 8(2), pp.187-211</ref>

			4. Sanjay Raut, Member of Parliament (India) and Shivsena leader.

			5. Prakash Harischandra, Author of Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa: The Slayer of Portuguese Regime book [https://amzn.eu/d/3F3DoTh]

			6. Pandhari Juker, Veteran Bollywood Make-up Artist.

	==References==		==References==

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{{More citations needed|reason=most claims are uncited|date=April 2018}}
{{Cleanup|reason= many citations are not using correct format and syntax. Also needs proper punctuation|date=April 2018}}
'''Panchkalshi''' or '''SKP''' is a Hindu community. They are one of the original native communities of [[Mumbai]], India. Since the 19th century the community has called itself '''Somvanshi Kshatriya Pathare'''<ref name="Māḍagã̄vakara2009">{{cite book|author=Govinda Nārāyaṇa Māḍagã̄vakara|title=Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hmdwd_bigC&pg=PR9|year=2009|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-305-2|pages=9–}}</ref>

==History==
They are one of the communities, who migrated to [[Mumbai]] in 13th century AD along with [[Yaduvanshi]] king, [[Bhima of Mahikavati|Raja Bhimdev]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Da Cunha|first1=Joseph Gerson|title=The origin of Bombay|date=2004|publisher=Asian Educational service|location=New Delhi|page=42|isbn=9788120608153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miD5YO05jpUC}}</ref> According to tradition, the Panchkalshis derive their name from the fact that their former headman used to sit on a canopied throne surmounted by five [[kalasha]]s.<ref>Bombay: social change, 1813-1857</ref> A census from 1780 of Mahim and Bombay fort showed SKP community to be 8% and 4% of the population of these two localities respectively.<ref>{{cite book|title=BRAHME, Sulabha. 39 GROWTH AND METAMORPHOSIS OF BOMBAY THROUGH FOUR CENTURIES OF GLOBALISATION. In: City, Space+ Globalization: An International Perspective: Proceedings of an International Symposium, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, the University of Michigan, February 26-28, 1998. College of, 1998. p. 312|s2cid=29038598|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092000/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-04-14}}</ref> During the Portuguese occupation of Bassein, many hindus including some Panchkalshi adopted Christianity.<ref>D'Silva, R.D. “EARLY PHASE OF CHRISTIANITY IN BASSEIN.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 33, 1971, pp. 342–349., www.jstor.org/stable/44145351. Accessed 16 July 2020.</ref>
During the British era in Mumbai, the community took to carpentry, contract work and architecture.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sahoo|first1=Priyanka|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/|access-date=17 April 2018|issue=July 25, 2015|publisher=Indian Express|date=2015}}</ref>
Panchkalshi consider themselves one notch above [[Chaukalshi]].<ref>Bombay: the cities within</ref>
This community was one of first communities to advocate widow re-marriage.

==Culture==
Even though being a small community and having been exposed to western culture due to centuries of European rule of the place, people from the SKP community celebrate their festivals so as to pass down their traditions to the next generation. Exceptions to certain celebration like the high caste Hindu sacred thread ceremony "Munja Ceremony", which was abolished in the early 20th centuries by the leaders of the society, because as such it is unnecessary expense and was not relevant in this day and age. So a lot of educated families at that time stopped the tradition of "Munja Ceremony". Also, widow remarriage was accepted.
<ref>http://www.skpworld.com/traditions</ref>

Pachkalshi have founded at least three Hindu temples in Mumbai like ''Malkeshwar'' temple in [[Parel]] and also [[Shiva|Mahadev]] temple named after famous [[Parli Vaijnath]] temple is said to have been built by them. Another temple built by them is of their [[Kuldevi]] [[Vajreshwari Temple|Vajreshwari devi]].<ref>The gazetteer of Bombay city and island (1910)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=48r8I_TDw8EC&pg=PA34&dq=panchkalshi+temple&hl=en&ei=Q-6zTqWzEoj4rQen47DLAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=temple&f=false] The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect By Stephen Meredyth Edwardes</ref> The community celebrates a unique festival.On Pithori [[Amavasya]],(last date in Lunar Shaka month of [[Shravan]]) the women in the family pray to 64 [[yogini]]s for the well-being of the children.The women make offerings to figurines of the 64 deities made of flour.The eldest woman in the family holds the figurines on her head and the children surround her.It signifies that the deities will keep a watch on the children.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sahoo|first1=Priyanka|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/|access-date=17 April 2018|issue=July 25, 2015|publisher=Indian Express|date=2015}}</ref>

The community is often confused with the [[Pathare Prabhu]]s because during the British era both communities were recorded as the same in the census.Although the culture of both communities may be similar, the two are in fact separate communities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sahoo|first1=Priyanka|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/|access-date=17 April 2018|issue=July 25, 2015|publisher=Indian Express|date=2015}}</ref>

==Surnames==
Being natives of [[Mumbai]], many families in the community use surnames derived by adding the suffix -kar to names of the old Mumbai villages (now suburbs) such as [[Borivali]], [[Malad]], [[Goregaon]], [[Bhayandar]], [[Thane]], [[Chembur]], [[Dadar]], [[Mahim]], [[Parel]], [[virar]], [[Juhu]] and [[Worli]].

==Notables==
*Gangaji Naik was a prominent Maratha warrior and sardar of the 18th century. He was the prime ally of Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa during the battle of Vasai during 1737-38.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sardesai|first=H. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deHZAUDHzYwC&pg=PA548&dq=gangaji+naik#q=gangaji%20naik|title=Shivaji, the Great Maratha|date=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-286-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Harischandra|first=Prakash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ip_dywEACAAJ&dq=chimaji+appa+saheb+peshwa+the+slayer+of+the+portuguese|title=Chimaji Appasaheb Peshwa: The Slayer of the Portuguese Regime: Story of the Unsung Hero of the Peshwa Regime|date=2019-11-03|publisher=Independently Published|isbn=978-1-6977-5165-9|language=en}}</ref>
*Dr [[Sakharam Arjun]] (1839-1885)-Physician and a founding member of the [[Bombay Natural History Society]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Millard W. S. (1932)|title=The founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomb35121931bomb#page/196/mode/2up|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume= 35. No. 1 & 2|pages=196–197}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Reuben, Rachel|year=2005|title=The Indian Founders|journal=Hornbill|issue=April–June|pages=13–15}}</ref>{{qn|date=April 2018}}.Step-father of the pioneering woman physician [[Rukhmabai]]
*Dr [[Rukhmabai]] (1864-1955) - One of the first Indian lady doctors.<ref>Chandra, S., 1992. Whose laws?: Notes on a legitimising myth of the colonial Indian state. Studies in History, 8(2), pp.187-211</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra]]

==External links==

*[http://ketkardnyankosh.com/index.php/2012-09-06-10-44-29/9685-2013-02-28-06-39-56 Panchkalshi]