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{{Self reference|For other uses, see [[Panchayat (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Politics of India}}
'''Panchayat samiti''' is a rural [[local government]] ([[Panchayati raj (India)|panchayat]]) body at the intermediate [[tehsil]] (taluka/mandal) level in [[India]]. It works for the [[village]]s of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has been said to be the "panchayat of panchayats".<ref>A textbook: {{cite book|author=Sudeshna Sengupta|title=History & Civics 9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJL5Rk6aHYUC&pg=PA51|year=2008|publisher=Ratna Sagar|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-8332-364-2|page=51|quote= The Panchayat Samiti [...] is also referred to as the Community Block and is in fact the Panchayat of Panchayats.}}</ref>

The [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|73rd Amendment]] defines the levels of panchayati raj institution as :<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?keps2=8-10|title=National Council Of Educational Research And Training :: Home}}</ref>

* District (or apex) level
* Intermediate level
* Base level

The panchayat samiti is the link between the [[Gram Panchayat|gram panchayat]] (village council) and the [[District Councils of India|zila parishad]] (district board).<ref name="Sarkar">{{Cite book|last=Sarkar |first=Siuli|year=2010|chapter=7.3.3 Panchayat Samiti|title=Public Administration In India|location=New Delhi|publisher=PHI Learning Private Ltd.|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=smahlYxg-8YC|page=178}}|pages= 178–180|isbn=978-81-203-3979-8}}</ref> The name varies across states: ''mandal parishad'' in [[Andhra Pradesh]], ''taluka panchayat'' in [[Gujarat]], and ''mandal panchayat'' in [[Karnataka]].

== Composition ==
Typically, a taluka panchayat is composed of elected members of the area: the [[block development officer]], [[MLA (India)|members of the state's legislative assembly]], members of parliament belonging to that area, otherwise unrepresented groups ([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes]] and women), associate members (such as a farmer, a representative of the cooperative societies and one from the agricultural marketing services sector) and the elected members of that panchayat block (tehsil) on the [[District Councils of India|zila parishad]] (district board).<ref name="Singh-265">{{Cite book|last=Singh |first=Singh Vipul|year=2010|chapter=Section II Civics: Chapter 8 Rural Local Self-Government|title=Longman History & Civics ICSE 9|location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India|publisher=Dorling Kindersley (India) Private Ltd.|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=EXPouL4BYTMC|page=265}}|page= 265]|isbn=978-81-317-2041-7}}</ref>

The samiti is elected for five years and is headed by a chairman and deputy chairman elected by the members of the panchayat samiti.<ref name="Singh-265" /> One [[sarpanch]] samiti supervises the other grampanchayats. It acts as a co-ordinating body between district panchayat and grampanchayat.

=== Composition of mandal parishads ===
A coterminous mandal parishad is constituted for each revenue mandal. A mandal parishad is composed of:
* Mandal parishad territorial constituency members.
* Members of the [[state legislative assembly (India)|state legislative assembly]] having jurisdiction over the mandal.
* Members of the [[House of the People (India)|House of the People]] having jurisdiction over the mandal.
* Members of the [[Council of States (India)]]

[[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] who are voters in the mandal.
* One co-opted member, belonging to minorities.
Mandal parishad territorial constituency (MPTC) members are directly elected by the voters, whereas the mandal president is elected by the MPTC members. The members are elected for a term of five years. The election to MPTCs is done on a party basis. The elections are conducted by the state election commission.

The ''[[sarpanch]]s'' are permanent invitees to the mandal parishad meetings.

== Departments ==
The most common departments found in a panchayat samiti are:<ref name="Sarkar" />
{{div col}}
* Administration
* Finance
* Public works (especially water and roads)
* Agriculture
* Health
* Education teacher list
* Social welfare
* Information technology
* Women & child development
* ''Panchayat raj'' (''mandal praja parishad'')
{{div col end}}

Each department in a panchayat samiti has its own officer. Most often these are state government employees acting as extension officers, but occasionally in more revenue-rich panchayat samiti, they may be local employees. A government-appointed [[block development officer]] (BDO) is the supervisor of the extension officers and executive officer to the panchayat samiti and becomes, in effect, its administrative chief.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Arora |first1= Ramesh Kumar |last2=Goyal |first2=Rajni |author-link2=Rajni Goyal|year=1995|chapter=Chapter 17 Panchayat Raj: Struggle For Effectiveness |title=Indian Public Administration: Institutions and Issues|edition=second|location=New Delhi|publisher=Wishwa Prakashan|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=nvzcy7o4sgAC|page=298}}|pages=298–300|isbn=978-81-7328-068-9}}</ref>

== Functions ==
The panchayat samiti collects all the prospective plans prepared at [[Gram Panchayat]] level and process them for funding and implementation by evaluating them from the angles of financial constraints, social welfare, and area development. It also identifies and prioritizes the issues that should be addressed at the block level.

== Sources of income ==
The income of the panchayat samiti comes from:<ref name="Singh-264">{{harvnb|Singh|2010|page={{google books |plainurl=y |id=EXPouL4BYTMC|page=264}}|p= 264}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|year=2011|chapter=Section A Civics: Chapter 7 Local Self-Government|title=History & Civics IX|edition=eighth|location=New Delhi|publisher=Rachna Sagar Private Ltd.|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LI8TT1gK5DAC|page=67}}page=67|isbn=978-81-8137-083-9}}</ref><ref name="Madan">{{Cite book|author=Madan, G. R.|year=1990|chapter=Chapter 16 Panchayati Raj|title=India's Developing Villages|edition=second|location=New Delhi|publisher=Allied Publishers|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=FQbujJdepwkC|page=343}}|page= 343]|isbn=978-81-7023-281-0}}</ref>
* land and water use taxes, professional taxes, liquor taxes and others
* income-generating programmes
* grants-in-aid and loans from the state government and the local zila parishad
* voluntary contributions

For many panchayat samiti, the main source of income is [[state aid]]. For others, the traditional taxing function provides the bulk of revenues. Tax revenues are often shared between the gram panchayats and the panchayat samiti.<ref name="Singh-264" /><ref name="Madan" />

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{-}}

{{Local government in India}}
{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Panchayati raj (India)]]

Panchayat samiti - Revision history

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