Jahidul Islam Joy: Made Some Place Nd Citations

2026-03-10T09:18:51Z

Made Some Place Nd Citations

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Panchavarnaswamy Temple (Ancient Tamil Temple)
| image = Panchavarnaswamy12.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10|22|N|78|51|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirapalli]]
| location = [[Woraiyur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Panchavarnaswamy([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = Dravidian architecture
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
'''Panchavarnaswamy Temple''' (An ancient Tamil temple) (பஞ்சவர்ணசுவாமி கோயில்)<ref name="ta.wikipedia.org">[[:ta:உறையூர் பஞ்சவர்ணேசுவரர் கோயில்]]</ref> (usually Panjavarnaswamy Temple) is a Tamil temple dedicated to [[Shiva]], located in [[Woraiyur]], a neighborhood in the town of [[Tiruchirapalli]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Shiva is believed to portray five different colours, giving the name of the presiding deity, Panchavarnaswamy. Panchavarnaswamy is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''Tevaram'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the tri-nayanars (Sambandar, Thirunavukkarasar, Sundar) (சம்பந்தர், திருநாவுக்கரசர், சுந்தரர், and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.

It has several inscriptions dating back to the [[Chola]] period. The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 5:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and three yearly festivals on its calendar. The annual ''[[Srivari Brahmotsavam]]'' (prime festival) is attended by hundreds of thousands of devotees. The temple is maintained and administered by the Tamil Nadu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Etymology and legend==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
|total_width=350
|width1=3264| height1=2448
|width2=3264| height2=2448
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Panchavarnaswamy5.jpg
|image2=Panchavarnaswamy6.jpg
|footer=Halls in the temple with sculpted pillars
}}
The place is called Uraiyur or Tirumukkeswaram, was once the capital of [[Chola]] kings as noted to Greek traveller [[Ptolemy]].<ref name=Ayyar/> Panchavarnaswamy, the presiding deity of the temple, derives its name from the word ''panchavarnam'', meaning five colours. As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have appeared for sage Udanga in five different colours in five parts of the day. The temple is also called as "Tirumukeechwaram"(திருமூக்கீச்சரம்) or "Kozhi". The 7th century [[Saiva]] canonical work ''[[Tevaram]]'' by Tirugnanasambandar mentions the place as "Tirumukeechwaram".<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Panchavarneswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=153|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=2013-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Soundara Rajan |first=Kodayanallur Vanamamalai |title=Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism|year=2001|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7022-857-3|page=75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAWS49f8HKoC&q=uraiyur+temple&pg=PA75}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Siva temple of yore |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/11/05/stories/2004110503201000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050208020318/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/11/05/stories/2004110503201000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2005|date=4 November 2004|last=V.|first=Ganapathy|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref>

As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have appeared in five different colours and hence the presiding deity came to be known as Panchavarneswarar ("Lord of five colours"). [[Nagaraja]], the serpent king was carrying the images of five different [[Lingam]]s, which all got merged into one as the presiding deity at this temple. The temple is believed to have been worshipped by [[Garuda]], sage Kathiru and wife of sage [[Kashyapa]].<ref name=Ayyar>[[#Ayyar|Ayyar 1993]], pp. 438-9</ref>

==Architecture==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
|total_width=350
|width1=2448| height1=3264
|width2=2448| height2=3264
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Panchavarnaswamy2.jpg
|image2=Panchavarnaswamy3.jpg
|footer=Sculptures in the temple
}}
Panchavarnaswamy temple complex has three ''[[prakaram]]s'' (outer courtyard) and a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower). The central shrine faces east and holds the image of Panchavarnaswamy (Shiva) in the form of ''lingam'' made of granite. The granite images of the deities [[Ganesha]] (son of Shiva and god of wisdom), [[Murugan]] (son of Shiva and god of war), [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] (the bull and transport of Shiva) and [[Navagraha]] (nine planetary deities) are located in the hall leading to the sanctum. As in other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the first precinct or the walls around the sanctum of Panchavarnaswamy has images of [[Dakshinamurthy]] (Shiva as the Teacher), [[Durga]] (warrior-goddess) and [[Chandeshvara Nayanar|Chandikeswarar]] (a saint and devotee of Shiva). The second precinct is surrounded by granite walls.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

There are eight historical inscriptions in the temple, which are recorded by Epigraphy India as 181-188 of 1907. One of them dated the fourth year of a ruling Chola king records a gift of the village Atigunakapaganallur to the maintenance of the temple. The historical introduction of Chola king [[Rajendra Chola I]] can be traced in the inscription. Another inscription on the north wall of the presiding deity during the seventh year of [[Raja Raja Chola I]] mentions Rajasraya-Chaturvedimangalam in Uraiyur-kurram, a subdivision in Keralankata-Valanadu. The temple is mentioned as Udaiyar tiurndaitalai Mahadeva at Tiru-uraiyur.<ref name=Ayyar/>

The epigraph 51 of 1890 on a rock called Cholamparai near Uraiyur, mentions a record of Tribhuvanachakravartin Tribhuvanavira-Vikramadeva.<ref name=Ayyar/>

==Worship and Religious Practices==
[[File:Panchavarnaswamy1.jpg|200x200px|thumb|[[Pugal Chola|Pugazh Chola Nayanar]], associated with the temple has a shrine dedicated to him]]
The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]]. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[Nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River Cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=29|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref>

The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] sect that considers Shiva as the Supreme God. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; Ushathkalam at 5:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., Irandamkalam at 7:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivedyam]]'' (food offering) and ''dīpa ārādhanai'' or ''dīpārādhanā ( in Hindi )'' (waving of lamps) for both Panchavarnaswamy and Amman. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram|nadasvaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=vedaranyam+temple&pg=PA392|ref=Ayyar}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}
{{commonscat}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

Panchavarnaswamy Temple - Revision history

Jahidul Islam Joy: Made Some Place Nd Citations