Pancharatna Kriti - Revision history

27.5.225.206: reworked references also and improved wording

2025-06-15T14:30:23Z

reworked references also and improved wording

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:00, 15 June 2025
Line 4:		Line 4:
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	[[File:Tyagaraja painting (Jaganmohan Palace, Mysore).png\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Saint [[Tyagaraja]], who composed the Pancharatna Kriti]]		[[File:Tyagaraja painting (Jaganmohan Palace, Mysore).png\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Saint [[Tyagaraja]], who composed the Pancharatna Kriti]]
	The '''''Pancharatna kritis''''' (transliterated as '''''Pañcaratna kṛti''''') ([[Sanskrit]]: ''pancha'' "five" + ''ratna'' "gems") are a set of five ''[[kriti (music)\|kriti]]s'' (songs) in [[Carnatic classical music]], composed by the 18th-century Indian composer [[Tyagaraja]]. ~~All the~~ ''~~kritis~~''~~, as~~ is the ~~case with almost all of Tyagaraja~~'~~s compositions,~~ are penned in [[Telugu language\|Telugu~~]], except the first one, which is composed in [[Sanskrit~~]]. The songs are: "[[Jagadananda karaka]]", "[[Dudukugala Nanne]]", "[[Sadhinchene]]", "[[Kanakana Ruchira]]" and "[[Endaro Mahanubhavulu]]".		The '''''Pancharatna kritis''''' (transliterated as '''''Pañcaratna kṛti''''') ([[Sanskrit]]: ''pancha'' "five" + ''ratna'' "gems") are a set of five ''[[kriti (music)\|kriti]]s'' (songs) in [[Carnatic classical music]], composed by the 18th-century Indian composer [[Tyagaraja]]. The first ''kriti'' is penned in Sanskrit while the other four ''kritis'' are penned in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]]. The songs are: "[[Jagadananda karaka]]", "Dudukugala Nanne", "Sadhinchene", "Kanakana Ruchira" and "[[Endaro Mahanubhavulu]]".

	==Tyagaraja and the Pancharatna Kritis==		==Tyagaraja and the Pancharatna Kritis==
	[[Tyagaraja]] lived in the late 18th century and early 19th century in [[~~Tiruvarur~~]] in present-day [[Thanjavur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.att.net/~s-prasad/tyagaraja.htm \|title=Sri Tyagaraja's Life and Songs \|author=Prasad Sundararajan \|accessdate=2009-02-22 \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116194742/http://home.att.net/~s-prasad/tyagaraja.htm \|archivedate=2009-01-16 }}</ref> His compositions are considered to be some of the finest in Carnatic music. Of the five ''Pancharatna Kritis'', four are in Telugu and one in Sanskrit. They are set to music in five [[raga]]s: [[Nata (raga)\|Nata]], [[Gaula (raga)\|Gaula]], [[Arabhi]], [[Varali]] and [[Shree (Carnatic raga)\|Sri]].		[[Tyagaraja]] lived in the late 18th century and early 19th century in [[Tiruvaiyaru]] in present-day [[Thanjavur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.att.net/~s-prasad/tyagaraja.htm \|title=Sri Tyagaraja's Life and Songs \|author=Prasad Sundararajan \|accessdate=2009-02-22 \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116194742/http://home.att.net/~s-prasad/tyagaraja.htm \|archivedate=2009-01-16 }}</ref> His compositions are considered to be some of the finest in Carnatic music. Of the five ''Pancharatna Kritis'', four are in Telugu and one in Sanskrit. They are set to music in five [[raga]]s: [[Nata (raga)\|Nata]], [[Gaula (raga)\|Gaula]], [[Arabhi]], [[Varali]] and [[Shree (Carnatic raga)\|Sri]].

	==Composition==		==Composition==
Line 20:		Line 20:

	The melodic forms of these compositions (Nata, Goula, Arabhi, Varali, Sri) are the five ''Ghana ragas'' of [[Carnatic music]], also called the ''ghanapanchaka''. These five ragas lend themselves to elaborate improvisations.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/pancharatna-kritis Pancharatna Kritis: Information and Much More from Answers.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> They are so called because they are suited for playing [[tanam]] on the [[veena]]. Nata and Varali are the most ancient of the Carnatic ragas and date back to over a thousand years ago.		The melodic forms of these compositions (Nata, Goula, Arabhi, Varali, Sri) are the five ''Ghana ragas'' of [[Carnatic music]], also called the ''ghanapanchaka''. These five ragas lend themselves to elaborate improvisations.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/pancharatna-kritis Pancharatna Kritis: Information and Much More from Answers.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> They are so called because they are suited for playing [[tanam]] on the [[veena]]. Nata and Varali are the most ancient of the Carnatic ragas and date back to over a thousand years ago.

	A particularly difficult musical challenge has been taken up successfully by Tyagaraja in three of these compositions. The raga Naata has a particularly distinctive use of the ''dhaivatam'' note or [[swara]] (A in the C scale of Western classical notes). Tyagaraja has avoided the ''dhaivatam'' completely in the first ''Pancharatna Kriti'' without losing the ''swarupa'', or character, of the ragam. Similarly ''gandharam'' is a note of some beauty in Goula (E in the C scale). Tyagaraja has made minimal use of this note, without losing the character of the ragam. Finally, he avoids ''dhaivatam'' in Sri ragam, again a note that is present in some very characteristic ''sancharas'' (phrases) of this ragam.

	==Lyrical synopsis==		==Lyrical synopsis==
Line 27:		Line 25:

	===''Jagadānanda kārakā''===		===''Jagadānanda kārakā''===
	In this song, Tyagaraja praises [[Ramachandra]], one of the incarnations of Lord [[Vishnu]]. He eulogizes [[Ramachandra]] as one who is the cause of all bliss in the universe. ~~This is the only ''Pancharatna Kriti'' that was composed in [[Sanskrit]]. All the other ''kritis'' were composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]],~~ which was used in the court of the Maratha king [[Serfoji II\|Sarabhoji]] who ruled this area in the 18th century. Rama was Tyagaraja's favorite god. The kriti is set to [[Nata (raga)\|Nata]] raga.		In this song, Tyagaraja praises [[Ramachandra]], one of the incarnations of Lord [[Vishnu]]. He eulogizes [[Ramachandra]] as one who is the cause of all bliss in the universe. which was used in the court of the Maratha king [[Serfoji II\|Sarabhoji]] who ruled this area in the 18th century. Rama was Tyagaraja's favorite god. The kriti is set to [[Nata (raga)\|Nata]] raga.

	===''Duḍukugala nannē dora koḍuku brōchurā yentō''===		===''Duḍukugala nannē dora koḍuku brōchurā yentō''===
Line 43:		Line 41:

	==Miscellaneous==		==Miscellaneous==
	[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], [[Maharajapuram Santhanam]], and [[M. Balamuralikrishna\|Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna]] are among the hundreds of great Indian classical vocalists who have brought these ''kritis'' closer to the modern world.		[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]], [[Maharajapuram Santhanam]], and [[M. Balamuralikrishna\|Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna]] are among the hundreds of great Indian classical vocalists who have brought these ''kritis'' closer to the modern world.

	==References==		==References==
Line 58:		Line 56:
	[[Category:Carnatic compositions]]		[[Category:Carnatic compositions]]
	[[Category:18th-century songs]]		[[Category:18th-century songs]]
	[[Category:Telugu~~-language songs~~]]		[[Category:Songs in Telugu]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-04-30T08:39:36Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 30 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Set of five kritis in Carnatic classical music}}
	{{morefootnotes\|date=July 2020}}		{{morefootnotes\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	[[File:Tyagaraja painting (Jaganmohan Palace, Mysore).png\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Saint [[Tyagaraja]], who composed the Pancharatna Kriti]]		[[File:Tyagaraja painting (Jaganmohan Palace, Mysore).png\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Saint [[Tyagaraja]], who composed the Pancharatna Kriti]]
	The '''''Pancharatna kritis''''' (transliterated as '''''Pañcaratna kṛti''''') ([[Sanskrit]]: ''pancha'' "five" + ''ratna'' "gems") are a set of five ''[[kriti]]s'' (songs) in [[Carnatic classical music]], composed by the 18th-century Indian composer [[Tyagaraja]]. All the ''kritis'', as is the case with almost all of Tyagaraja's compositions, are penned in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]], except the first one, which is composed in [[Sanskrit]]. The songs are: "[[~~Jagadanandakaraka~~]]", "[[Dudukugala Nanne]]", "[[~~Sadhinchane~~]]", "[[Kanakana Ruchira]]" and "[[Endaro Mahanubhavulu~~\|Endaro Mahaanubhavulu~~]]".		The '''''Pancharatna kritis''''' (transliterated as '''''Pañcaratna kṛti''''') ([[Sanskrit]]: ''pancha'' "five" + ''ratna'' "gems") are a set of five ''[[kriti (music)\|kriti]]s'' (songs) in [[Carnatic classical music]], composed by the 18th-century Indian composer [[Tyagaraja]]. All the ''kritis'', as is the case with almost all of Tyagaraja's compositions, are penned in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]], except the first one, which is composed in [[Sanskrit]]. The songs are: "[[Jagadananda karaka]]", "[[Dudukugala Nanne]]", "[[Sadhinchene]]", "[[Kanakana Ruchira]]" and "[[Endaro Mahanubhavulu]]".

	==Tyagaraja and the Pancharatna Kritis==		==Tyagaraja and the Pancharatna Kritis==
Line 14:		Line 15:
	# Jagadananda Karaka (Ragam Natai)		# Jagadananda Karaka (Ragam Natai)
	# Duduku gala (Ragam Goula)		# Duduku gala (Ragam Goula)
	# ~~Sadhinchane~~ (Ragam Arabhi)		# Sadhinchene (Ragam Arabhi)
	# Kanakana Ruchira (Ragam Varali)		# Kanakana Ruchira (Ragam Varali)
	# Endaro Mahanubhavulu (Shree Ragam)		# Endaro Mahanubhavulu (Shree Ragam)
Line 20:		Line 21:
	The melodic forms of these compositions (Nata, Goula, Arabhi, Varali, Sri) are the five ''Ghana ragas'' of [[Carnatic music]], also called the ''ghanapanchaka''. These five ragas lend themselves to elaborate improvisations.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/pancharatna-kritis Pancharatna Kritis: Information and Much More from Answers.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> They are so called because they are suited for playing [[tanam]] on the [[veena]]. Nata and Varali are the most ancient of the Carnatic ragas and date back to over a thousand years ago.		The melodic forms of these compositions (Nata, Goula, Arabhi, Varali, Sri) are the five ''Ghana ragas'' of [[Carnatic music]], also called the ''ghanapanchaka''. These five ragas lend themselves to elaborate improvisations.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/pancharatna-kritis Pancharatna Kritis: Information and Much More from Answers.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> They are so called because they are suited for playing [[tanam]] on the [[veena]]. Nata and Varali are the most ancient of the Carnatic ragas and date back to over a thousand years ago.

	A particularly difficult musical challenge has been taken up successfully by Tyagaraja in three of these compositions. The raga Naata has a particularly distinctive use of the ''dhaivatam'' note or [[swara]] (A in the C scale of Western classical notes). Tyagaraja has avoided the ''dhaivatam'' completely in the first ''Pancharatna Kriti'' without losing the ''swarupa'', or character, of the ragam. Similarly ''gandharam'' is ~~an accidental~~ note of some beauty in Goula (E in the C scale). Tyagaraja ~~avoids~~ this ~~too, except in one instance~~, without losing the character of the ragam. Finally, he avoids ~~the accidental~~ ''dhaivatam'' in Sri ragam, again a note that is present in some very characteristic ''sancharas'' (phrases) of this ragam.		A particularly difficult musical challenge has been taken up successfully by Tyagaraja in three of these compositions. The raga Naata has a particularly distinctive use of the ''dhaivatam'' note or [[swara]] (A in the C scale of Western classical notes). Tyagaraja has avoided the ''dhaivatam'' completely in the first ''Pancharatna Kriti'' without losing the ''swarupa'', or character, of the ragam. Similarly ''gandharam'' is a note of some beauty in Goula (E in the C scale). Tyagaraja has made minimal use of this note, without losing the character of the ragam. Finally, he avoids ''dhaivatam'' in Sri ragam, again a note that is present in some very characteristic ''sancharas'' (phrases) of this ragam.

	==Lyrical synopsis==		==Lyrical synopsis==
Line 31:		Line 32:
	In this second ''Pancharatna Kriti'' composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]], Tyagaraja lists all the errors he has committed in his life and asks who but Rama could redeem such a sinner. The sins described include: just wandering around as though being satisfied with a full meal, giving sermons to people who are not interested in listening or who do not have the capability to understand, self-styling oneself as a great person, and mistaking the dross for the real thing. He lists four categories of people to whom he has made the claim of greatness; the ignorant, the riff-raff, the low social folk and women. In a play on words, he reproaches those who desire wives and progeny. The kriti is set to [[Gowla]] raga.		In this second ''Pancharatna Kriti'' composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]], Tyagaraja lists all the errors he has committed in his life and asks who but Rama could redeem such a sinner. The sins described include: just wandering around as though being satisfied with a full meal, giving sermons to people who are not interested in listening or who do not have the capability to understand, self-styling oneself as a great person, and mistaking the dross for the real thing. He lists four categories of people to whom he has made the claim of greatness; the ignorant, the riff-raff, the low social folk and women. In a play on words, he reproaches those who desire wives and progeny. The kriti is set to [[Gowla]] raga.

	===''~~Sādhinchane~~ ō manasā''===		===''Sādhinchene ō manasā''===
	This ''Pancharatna Kriti'' was composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] and has been set to Arabhi raga. It is written in a playful tone, rich with metaphor and simile without a surfeit of adjectives - all the while arresting the attention of the singers. In this ''kriti'', Tyagaraja sings the greatness of the lord [[Krishna]] in a lucid manner. The style adopted in this ''kriti'' is very sweet in comparison with the other four.		This ''Pancharatna Kriti'' was composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] and has been set to Arabhi raga. It is written in a playful tone, rich with metaphor and simile without a surfeit of adjectives - all the while arresting the attention of the singers. In this ''kriti'', Tyagaraja sings the greatness of the lord [[Krishna]] in a lucid manner. The style adopted in this ''kriti'' is very sweet in comparison with the other four.

	===''Kana kana ruci rā kanaka vasana ninnu''===		===''Kana kana ruci rā kanaka vasana ninnu''===
	This is the least sung or performed of the five ''Pancharatna Kritis'' composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]], but it is considered by some to be the most lingering and beautiful. It describes the divine beauty of Sri Rama, whom Tyagaraja worshiped. He says that the more he [[Tyagaraja]] looks upon His beautiful features, the more his mind is attracted to Him [[Rama\|Sri Rama]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Saint Thyagaraja's Ghana Raga Pancharatnams \|url=http://www.indian-heritage.org/music/kriti4.htm \|website=indian-heritage \|accessdate=25 February 2019}}</ref> This composition is rarely taught, and rarely heard in concerts, owing to the raga it is set to [[Varali]] raga.		This is the least sung or performed of the five ''Pancharatna Kritis'' composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]], but it is considered by some to be the most lingering and beautiful. It describes the divine beauty of Sri Rama, whom Tyagaraja worshiped. He says that the more he [[Tyagaraja]] looks upon His beautiful features, the more his mind is attracted to Him [[Rama\|Sri Rama]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Saint Thyagaraja's Ghana Raga Pancharatnams \|url=http://www.indian-heritage.org/music/kriti4.htm \|website=indian-heritage \|accessdate=25 February 2019}}</ref> This composition is rarely taught, and rarely heard in concerts, owing to the raga it is set to [[Varali]] raga.

	===''Endarō mahānubhāvulu''===		===''Endarō mahānubhāvulu''===
	{{main\|Endaro Mahanubhavulu}}		{{main\|Endaro Mahanubhavulu}}
	''Endarō mahānubhāvulu'' is believed to be one of the earlier ''kritis'' Tyagaraja composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]]. The song is a salutation to and praise of all the great saints and musicians down the ages. Tyagaraja clearly delineates and lists the ''Mahanubhavalu'', or great ones, in the ''kriti'' itself, mentioning the saints Narada and Saunaka, among others. In this ~~poem~~, Tyagaraja describes the greatness of devotees of the Lord. The belief in [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] is that Tyagaraja composed the ''kriti'' spontaneously in his joy upon hearing the divine music of the [[Malayali]] singer [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]]. But according to the Walajapet disciples' version of the origin of the ''kriti'', it was composed and ~~learnt~~ by Tyagaraja's disciples before the arrival of Marar. This, according to P. T. Narendra Menon, was the legendary, historically significant meeting between two great musicians. Since ''Endharo mahanubhavalu'' is said to have been composed by Tyagaraja at a young age, it is possible that after hearing Marar sing and in appreciation of the greatness of Marar, Tyagaraja could have asked his disciples to sing the ''kriti'' on this occasion. Humility is the foundation of all. The kriti is set to [[Shree (Carnatic raga)\|Shri]] raga		''Endarō mahānubhāvulu'' is believed to be one of the earlier ''kritis'' Tyagaraja composed in [[Telugu language\|Telugu]]. The song is a salutation to and praise of all the great saints and musicians down the ages. Tyagaraja clearly delineates and lists the ''Mahanubhavalu'', or great ones, in the ''kriti'' itself, mentioning the saints Narada and Saunaka, among others. In this kriti, Tyagaraja describes the greatness of devotees of the Lord. The belief in [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] is that Tyagaraja composed the ''kriti'' spontaneously in his joy upon hearing the divine music of the [[Malayali]] singer [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]]. But according to the Walajapet disciples' version of the origin of the ''kriti'', it was composed and learned by Tyagaraja's disciples before the arrival of Marar. This, according to P. T. Narendra Menon, was the legendary, historically significant meeting between two great musicians. Since ''Endharo mahanubhavalu'' is said to have been composed by Tyagaraja at a young age, it is possible that after hearing Marar sing and in appreciation of the greatness of Marar, Tyagaraja could have asked his disciples to sing the ''kriti'' on this occasion. Humility is the foundation of all. The kriti is set to [[Shree (Carnatic raga)\|Shri]] raga

	==Miscellaneous==		==Miscellaneous==

2405:201:C000:6E72:E526:6115:FBA:2929: /* Kana kana ruci rā kanaka vasana ninnu */ Changed the word haunting to lingering to bring out the good intention

2021-08-08T15:13:48Z

Kana kana ruci rā kanaka vasana ninnu: Changed the word haunting to lingering to bring out the good intention

New page

{{morefootnotes|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Tyagaraja painting (Jaganmohan Palace, Mysore).png|250px|thumb|right|Saint [[Tyagaraja]], who composed the Pancharatna Kriti]]
The '''''Pancharatna kritis''''' (transliterated as '''''Pañcaratna kṛti''''') ([[Sanskrit]]: ''pancha'' "five" + ''ratna'' "gems") are a set of five ''[[kriti]]s'' (songs) in [[Carnatic classical music]], composed by the 18th-century Indian composer [[Tyagaraja]]. All the ''kritis'', as is the case with almost all of Tyagaraja's compositions, are penned in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], except the first one, which is composed in [[Sanskrit]]. The songs are: "[[Jagadanandakaraka]]", "[[Dudukugala Nanne]]", "[[Sadhinchane]]", "[[Kanakana Ruchira]]" and "[[Endaro Mahanubhavulu|Endaro Mahaanubhavulu]]".

==Tyagaraja and the Pancharatna Kritis==
[[Tyagaraja]] lived in the late 18th century and early 19th century in [[Tiruvarur]] in present-day [[Thanjavur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.att.net/~s-prasad/tyagaraja.htm |title=Sri Tyagaraja's Life and Songs |author=Prasad Sundararajan |accessdate=2009-02-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116194742/http://home.att.net/~s-prasad/tyagaraja.htm |archivedate=2009-01-16 }}</ref> His compositions are considered to be some of the finest in Carnatic music. Of the five ''Pancharatna Kritis'', four are in Telugu and one in Sanskrit. They are set to music in five [[raga]]s: [[Nata (raga)|Nata]], [[Gaula (raga)|Gaula]], [[Arabhi]], [[Varali]] and [[Shree (Carnatic raga)|Sri]].

==Composition==
The ''Pancharatna kritis'' were written in praise of the [[Hindu]] deity [[Rama]]. They are set to [[Tala (music)|''Adi Tala'']] and each [[raga]] represents the mood of the song and the meaning of its lyrics. All the ''kritis'' were composed in the style of a [[Ragam Tanam Pallavi]] (RTP) with the ''charanams'' (stanzas) substituting for the ''kalpana swaras'' (improvisatory passages) in the ''pallavi'' section of the RTP.

The ''Pancharatna Kritis'' are:
# Jagadananda Karaka (Ragam Natai)
# Duduku gala (Ragam Goula)
# Sadhinchane (Ragam Arabhi)
# Kanakana Ruchira (Ragam Varali)
# Endaro Mahanubhavulu (Shree Ragam)

The melodic forms of these compositions (Nata, Goula, Arabhi, Varali, Sri) are the five ''Ghana ragas'' of [[Carnatic music]], also called the ''ghanapanchaka''. These five ragas lend themselves to elaborate improvisations.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/pancharatna-kritis Pancharatna Kritis: Information and Much More from Answers.com]</ref> They are so called because they are suited for playing [[tanam]] on the [[veena]]. Nata and Varali are the most ancient of the Carnatic ragas and date back to over a thousand years ago.

A particularly difficult musical challenge has been taken up successfully by Tyagaraja in three of these compositions. The raga Naata has a particularly distinctive use of the ''dhaivatam'' note or [[swara]] (A in the C scale of Western classical notes). Tyagaraja has avoided the ''dhaivatam'' completely in the first ''Pancharatna Kriti'' without losing the ''swarupa'', or character, of the ragam. Similarly ''gandharam'' is an accidental note of some beauty in Goula (E in the C scale). Tyagaraja avoids this too, except in one instance, without losing the character of the ragam. Finally, he avoids the accidental ''dhaivatam'' in Sri ragam, again a note that is present in some very characteristic ''sancharas'' (phrases) of this ragam.

==Lyrical synopsis==
{{Main|List of compositions by Tyagaraja}}

===''Jagadānanda kārakā''===
In this song, Tyagaraja praises [[Ramachandra]], one of the incarnations of Lord [[Vishnu]]. He eulogizes [[Ramachandra]] as one who is the cause of all bliss in the universe. This is the only ''Pancharatna Kriti'' that was composed in [[Sanskrit]]. All the other ''kritis'' were composed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], which was used in the court of the Maratha king [[Serfoji II|Sarabhoji]] who ruled this area in the 18th century. Rama was Tyagaraja's favorite god. The kriti is set to [[Nata (raga)|Nata]] raga.

===''Duḍukugala nannē dora koḍuku brōchurā yentō''===
In this second ''Pancharatna Kriti'' composed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], Tyagaraja lists all the errors he has committed in his life and asks who but Rama could redeem such a sinner. The sins described include: just wandering around as though being satisfied with a full meal, giving sermons to people who are not interested in listening or who do not have the capability to understand, self-styling oneself as a great person, and mistaking the dross for the real thing. He lists four categories of people to whom he has made the claim of greatness; the ignorant, the riff-raff, the low social folk and women. In a play on words, he reproaches those who desire wives and progeny. The kriti is set to [[Gowla]] raga.

===''Sādhinchane ō manasā''===
This ''Pancharatna Kriti'' was composed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and has been set to Arabhi raga. It is written in a playful tone, rich with metaphor and simile without a surfeit of adjectives - all the while arresting the attention of the singers. In this ''kriti'', Tyagaraja sings the greatness of the lord [[Krishna]] in a lucid manner. The style adopted in this ''kriti'' is very sweet in comparison with the other four.

===''Kana kana ruci rā kanaka vasana ninnu''===
This is the least sung or performed of the five ''Pancharatna Kritis'' composed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], but it is considered by some to be the most lingering and beautiful. It describes the divine beauty of Sri Rama, whom Tyagaraja worshiped. He says that the more he [[Tyagaraja]] looks upon His beautiful features, the more his mind is attracted to Him [[Rama|Sri Rama]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Thyagaraja's Ghana Raga Pancharatnams |url=http://www.indian-heritage.org/music/kriti4.htm |website=indian-heritage |accessdate=25 February 2019}}</ref> This composition is rarely taught, and rarely heard in concerts, owing to the raga it is set to [[Varali]] raga.

===''Endarō mahānubhāvulu''===
{{main|Endaro Mahanubhavulu}}
''Endarō mahānubhāvulu'' is believed to be one of the earlier ''kritis'' Tyagaraja composed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. The song is a salutation to and praise of all the great saints and musicians down the ages. Tyagaraja clearly delineates and lists the ''Mahanubhavalu'', or great ones, in the ''kriti'' itself, mentioning the saints Narada and Saunaka, among others. In this poem, Tyagaraja describes the greatness of devotees of the Lord. The belief in [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] is that Tyagaraja composed the ''kriti'' spontaneously in his joy upon hearing the divine music of the [[Malayali]] singer [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]]. But according to the Walajapet disciples' version of the origin of the ''kriti'', it was composed and learnt by Tyagaraja's disciples before the arrival of Marar. This, according to P. T. Narendra Menon, was the legendary, historically significant meeting between two great musicians. Since ''Endharo mahanubhavalu'' is said to have been composed by Tyagaraja at a young age, it is possible that after hearing Marar sing and in appreciation of the greatness of Marar, Tyagaraja could have asked his disciples to sing the ''kriti'' on this occasion. Humility is the foundation of all. The kriti is set to [[Shree (Carnatic raga)|Shri]] raga

==Miscellaneous==
[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], [[Maharajapuram Santhanam]], and [[M. Balamuralikrishna|Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna]] are among the hundreds of great Indian classical vocalists who have brought these ''kritis'' closer to the modern world.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X4tZx-qvVs Raga Nata]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122201/http://www.esnips.com/doc/872abe7c-0325-455a-9389-495e6709c8be/Kanakanaruchira
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080727024355/http://www.esnips.com/web/Pancharatna-Kriti/
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUi5MJuCemM (Majestic Nattai)
* [http://www.shivkumar.org/music/index.html Meaning, Word by Word]
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUdls4HJ6Wo Jagadananda Karaka - Balamuralikrishna - Tyagaraja Pancharatna Kriti

[[Category:Carnatic compositions]]
[[Category:18th-century songs]]
[[Category:Telugu-language songs]]