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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Palwal}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palwal district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Haryana|District of Haryana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India - Haryana - Palwal.svg
| map_caption = Location of Palwal district in Haryana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Palwal
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = Faridabad
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Palwal]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Palwal]], [[Hodal]], [[Hathin]]
| area_total_km2 = 1359
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,042,708
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 236,544
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 70.32%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 879
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{unbulleted list
|3 (NH-44)
|KMP Expressway
|KGP Expressway
}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = Average annual precipitation
| blank1_info_sec1 = 60–100 mm
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]] (shared with [[Faridabad district]])
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = 4
| website = http://palwal.gov.in/
}}

'''Palwal district''' was created on 15 August 2008. It is the 21st district of [[Haryana]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in northern [[India]]. [[Palwal]] City is the headquarters of the district. It is part of the [[Braj]] region.

The city is situated {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Delhi]], {{convert|29|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Faridabad]] and {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Gurugram]] on the Delhi-Agra national highway. The area of the city is {{convert|40|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://yap.nic.in/palwal.asp Palwal Geography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416174235/http://yap.nic.in/palwal.asp |date=16 April 2009 }} Yamuna Action Plan official website.</ref>

==Background==

===Etymology===
According to legend, the city of Palwal is named for the demon Palwalasur who was said to have ruled during the reign of [[Pandavas]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

===History===
[[File:United Provinces 1903.gif|thumb|250px|right| Palwal was part of Punjab Province in 1903.]]

Palwal is supposed to figure in the earliest [[Aryan]] traditions under the name of Apelava, part of the [[Pandava]] kingdom of [[Indraprastha]], which was later restored by [[Vikramaditya]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_381.gif Palwal Town] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 19, p. 375.</ref>

During the reign of [[Mughal empire]], the freedom fighter [[Bahin#Kanha|Kanha Rawat]] carried forward the legacy of Jat leader [[Gokula]] to fight against the oppressive [[Aurangzeb]] and his policy of [[persecution of Hindus|persecuting Hindus]], forcible conversion of Hindus to Islam, and high tax rate. After Kanha refused to convert his religion to Islam, Aurangzeb had him buried alive at Rawatpara.<ref name=IslamicInvaders1>Vijay Kumar Pal, INVADERS & Hidden Facts, [https://rudrapublication.com/ Rudra Publications], pp55-56.</ref>{{Efn|In accordance with the "al atuba ayat no five" (Surah at-Taubah (Repentance) 9:5),<ref name=IslamicInvaders1/> which states "And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the [[Hinduism|polytheists]] wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakāh, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful."<ref name=islamic1>[http://www.quran-wiki.com/ayat-9-5-atTaubah Quran's Surah "at-Taubah (Repentance)" chapter 9, verse 5.]</ref> | name = | group = }} A statue of Kanha was unveiled inside the park in February 2014 by Vishvendra Singh - the scion of [[Bharatpur State]].<ref name="Web India">{{cite web|title=Hooda announced sub-tehsil status on Bahin village in Palwal district|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20140210/2337244.html|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bahin village is sub-tehsil|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140210/haryana.htm#12|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> ''Kanha Rawat Memorial Park'' was constructed around his [[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]] at his native [[Bahin]] village in [[Hathin]] tehsil.

During the [[British Raj]], Palwal was a part of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] and [[Gurgaon district]].<ref>{{cite book | author = Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman| author-link = Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman | year = 2008 | title = Ḥayāt-i Karam Ḥusain | chapter = 1857 ki Jung-e Azadi main Khandan ka hissa | edition = 2nd | pages = 253–258| publisher = [[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]] | location = Aligarh, India | oclc = 852404214| isbn = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KWjVngEACAAJ }}</ref>

[[Mahatma Gandhi]] was first arrested at [[Palwal railway station]]. The historical building "Gandhi Ashrama" was erected in memory of the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Years of Arrests & Imprisonment of Mahatma Gandhi|url=http://gandhiworld.in/english/yearsofarrests.php|access-date=2021-04-27|website=gandhiworld.in}}</ref>

On 15 August 1979, [[Gurgaon district]] was divided, with Palwal becoming part of the new [[Faridabad district]].<ref>[http://gurgaon.nic.in/HISTORY.HTM History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013101146/http://gurgaon.nic.in/history.htm |date=2007-10-13 }} Official website Gurgaon.</ref> Later, Palwal became the 21st district of Haryana on 15 August 2008.

==Administration==

Palwal district comprises of 282 villages, 237 ''[[gram panchayat]]s'', one municipal council, two municipal committees, three sub-divisions, four development blocks and three ''[[tehsil]]s''. The sub-divisions are under the control of sub-divisional magistrate while each development block is under the control of a block development and panchayat officer. All the blocks are covered under Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna and other developmental programmes. Developmental programmes are overseen by the additional deputy commissioner-cum chief executive officer, DRDA Palwal. The district is under the overall charge of the deputy commissioner who is also the chairman of the District
Rural Development Agency.

==Geography==

===Topograpgy===

Palwal is located at {{coord|28.15|N|77.33|E}},<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/10/Palwal.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Palwal]</ref> between the eastern bank of [[Yamuna]] river and the western flank of [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] mountain range. It has an average elevation of 195 metres (639 ft).

===Forests===

The Forest Department aims to increase forestation for soil conservation in the district, in line with the National Forests Policy of the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Ministry of Environment and Forests]]. According to the plan, about one-third of the geographical area should be under tree cover. In order to achieve this objective, large-scale plantings have been undertaken by the community, ''panchayat'', government and private land over the last 20 years. Saplings of eucalyptus, shisham, neem, and other fruit plants were distributed free of costs to farmers to plant in their fields.

==Economy and infrastructure==

Palwal consists of agricultural and commercial areas, and has many temples, schools, colleges and banks. It also contains developed areas like Housing board colony, Kalra colony, New colony, main market, shivapuri, Krishna colony, kailash nagar, shiv colony, camp colony and Huda sector 2. There is a main ''chowk'' ({{lang-en|market}}) called the Heart of Palwal. The government plans to develop the economy of Palwal in line with nearby cities like Delhi, Gurgaon, [[Noida]], Faridabad, [[Hodal]], [[Khair]], and [[Mathura]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

==Transport==
{{see | List of highways in Haryana | Railway in Haryana}}

Delhi-Agra national highway passes through Palwal.

==People ==

===Demographics===
{{bar box|width=300px|barwidth=250px|cellpadding="0"|title=Religion in Palwal district (2011)<ref>http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/228-palwal.html</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|79.25}} {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|20.00}} {{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|#FFFF00|0.38}} {{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|0.09}} {{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|#9955BB|0.09}} {{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|#EDF990|0.03}} {{bar percent|Not Stated|#9955BB|0.16}}}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Palwal district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,042,708.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 25.49%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Palwal had a [[sex ratio]] of 879 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 70.3%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 95.80% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 3.59% [[Urdu]] and 0.43% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as their first language. The local language is [[Brajbhasha]].<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

As of 2011 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Palwal city had a population of 235,663. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Palwal had an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 65%: male literacy was 78%, and female literacy was 67%.

===Culture===

Palwal has an annual festival known as "Baldev Chhat Ka Mela" which celebrates the legend of [[Balarama]] killing the demon Palwalasur during the reign of [[Pandavas]]. There is also a temple dedicated to Balaram near the ''chowk'' (marketplace) of the municipal office.

===Notable people===
* [[Sunil Lanba]], 23rd [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] of the [[Indian Navy]]
* [[Karan Singh Dalal]], Ex. MLA of Palwal and former Minister in the Government of Haryana.
* [[Deepak Mangla]], Current MLA of Palwal in 2021
* [[Rohtas Goel]], Founder Chairman & Managing Director of [[Omaxe| Omaxe Limited]]
* [[Sudhir Chaudhary (journalist)|Sudhir Chaudhary]], Journalist at [[Zee News]]

==See also==
* [[Administrative divisions of Haryana]]
* [[List of cities in Haryana by population]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of districts of Haryana]]
* [[List of highways in Haryana]]
* [[Outline of Haryana]]
* [[Railway in Haryana]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://palwal.gov.in/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513065355/http://www.haryana-online.com/History/history_1803-1857.htm History of Haryana]

{{Adjacent communities
|Centre = Palwal district
|North = [[Faridabad district]]
|Northeast = [[Gautam Budh Nagar district]], [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]]
|East = [[Khair|Khair Tehsil, UP]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Mathura district]], [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Nuh district]]
|Northwest = [[Gurgaon district]]
}}

{{Districts of Haryana}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palwal District}}
[[Category:Palwal district| ]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]

[[vi:Palwal]]

Palwal district - Revision history

imported>Vatsmaxed: replace, replaced: Indian road network → Roads in India