Palwal - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 29 June 2022
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	\| name = Palwal		\| name = Palwal
	\| other_name =		\| other_name =
	\| settlement_type =		\| settlement_type = City
	\| image_skyline = ~~File:Kos_Minar_001.jpg~~		\| image_skyline =
	\| image_alt =		\| image_alt =
	\| image_caption = ~~[[Kos Minar]] at Palwal along [[Grand Trunk Road]]~~		\| image_caption =
	\| nickname =		\| nickname =
	\| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3		\| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
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	\| elevation_footnotes =		\| elevation_footnotes =
	\| elevation_m = 199.49		\| elevation_m = 199.49
	\| population_total = ~~1040493~~		\| population_total = 131926
	\| population_as_of =		\| population_as_of =
	\| population_footnotes =		\| population_footnotes =
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	}}		}}

	'''Palwal''' is a city and a [[municipal council]]. It is the headquarters of [[Palwal district]], the 21st district of [[Haryana]] [[States and territories of India\|state]] in northern [[India]]. It is a centre for the [[cotton]] trade in the area.		'''Palwal''' is a city and a [[municipal council]]. It is the headquarters of [[Palwal district]], the 21st district of [[Haryana]] [[States and territories of India\|state]] in northern [[India]]. It is a centre of for the [[cotton]] trade in the area. It is also a part of [[National Capital Region (India)\|National Capital Region]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Capital Region Planning Board \|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.html}}</ref>

	==Etymology and legend==		==Etymology and legend==
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	The local tradition identifies Palwal with the Apelava town mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]], which was later restored by [[Vikramaditya]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_381.gif Palwal Town] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 19, p. 375.hh</ref>		The local tradition identifies Palwal with the Apelava town mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]], which was later restored by [[Vikramaditya]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_381.gif Palwal Town] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 19, p. 375.hh</ref>

	~~Palwal, which lies in the cultural region of~~ [[~~Braj]] is listed in the~~ [[~~Ain-i-Akbari~~]] ~~as a [[pargana]] under Delhi~~ [[~~sarkar (country subdivision)\|sarkar~~]]~~, producing a revenue of 1,769,493 [[dam (Indian coin)\|dam~~]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 500 infantry and 25 cavalry. It is mentioned as having a brick fort at the time and being located on top of a mound.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book \|last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak \|last2=Jarrett \|first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) \|title=The Ain-i-Akbari \|date=1891 \|publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal \|location=Calcutta \|page=286 \|url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>		[[Image:Kos_Minar_001.jpg\|thumb\|[[Kos Minar]] at Palwal along [[Grand Trunk Road]]]]

	'''Matia Fort''' or ''Palwal Fort'' was built during the [[Sher Shah Suri]] time. Excavations have unearthed evidence of a grand palace at the bottom of the fort. As of 2021, it lies in ruins.<ref name=ta2>Sohan Singh Khattar and Reena Kar, 2021, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=M60zEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA308&dq=history+of+loharu+fort&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj563egdLyAhVc7XMBHdPrDcwQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20loharu%20fort&f=false Know Your State Haryana], Arihant Publications, pp 308.</ref>		'''Matia Fort''' or ''Palwal Fort'' was built during the [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s time. Excavations have unearthed evidence of a grand palace at the bottom of the fort. As of 2021, it lies in ruins.<ref name=ta2>Sohan Singh Khattar and Reena Kar, 2021, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=M60zEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA308&dq=history+of+loharu+fort&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj563egdLyAhVc7XMBHdPrDcwQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20loharu%20fort&f=false Know Your State Haryana], Arihant Publications, pp 308.</ref>

	A historical building Gandhi Seva Ashram and Museum was made in the memory of Mahatma Gandhi. The Gandhi Museum is close to Palwal Railway Station. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was arrested on 10 April 1919 at Palwal railway station while going to [[Punjab]] against the [[Rowlatt Act]]. Keeping this memory alive lasting on October 2, 1938, Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] had kept it. Gandhi exhibition was established in Gandhi Seva Ashram in the year 1962. In it, history related to Gandhiji was preserved. Pictures for the exhibition were brought from the [[National Gandhi Museum]] of [[Delhi]]~~. Here it is Matia Mahal & Rani Kisori Bai Mahal at Hodal~~.Later, they started getting damaged, they were upgraded and the exhibition site was changed to the museum.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Gandhi Museum {{!}} District Palwal \|url=https://palwal.gov.in/tourist-place/gandhi-museum/ \|website=palwal.gov.in \|publisher=GOVERNMENT OF HARYANA \|access-date=17 September 2018 \|ref=~~https://palwal.gov.in/tourist-place/gandhi-museum/~~}}</ref>		A historical building by the name 'Gandhi Seva Ashram' and a Museum was made in the memory of Mahatma Gandhi. The Gandhi Museum is close to Palwal Railway Station. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was arrested on 10 April 1919 at Palwal railway station while going to [[Punjab]] against the [[Rowlatt Act]]. Keeping this memory alive lasting on October 2, 1938, Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] had kept it. Gandhi exhibition was established in Gandhi Seva Ashram in the year 1962. In it, history related to Gandhiji was preserved. Pictures for the exhibition were brought from the [[National Gandhi Museum]] of [[Delhi]]. Later, they started getting damaged, they were upgraded and the exhibition site was changed to the museum.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Gandhi Museum {{!}} District Palwal \|url=https://palwal.gov.in/tourist-place/gandhi-museum/ \|website=palwal.gov.in \|publisher=GOVERNMENT OF HARYANA \|access-date=17 September 2018 \|ref=}}</ref>

	===Post-independence===		===Post-independence===

	On 15 August 1979, [[Gurgaon district]] was further divided to form a new [[Faridabad district]], and Palwal became a part of it.<ref>[http://gurgaon.nic.in/HISTORY.HTM History] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013101146/http://gurgaon.nic.in/history.htm \|date=13 October 2007 }} Official website Gurgaon.</ref> On ~~15August~~ 2008, Palwal became the administrative headquarters of the newly formed [[Palwal district]], 21st district of Haryana.		On 15 August 1979, [[Gurgaon district]] was further divided to form a new [[Faridabad district]], and Palwal became a part of it.<ref>[http://gurgaon.nic.in/HISTORY.HTM History] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013101146/http://gurgaon.nic.in/history.htm \|date=13 October 2007 }} Official website Gurgaon.</ref> On 15 August 2008, Palwal became the administrative headquarters of the newly formed [[Palwal district]], the 21st district of Haryana.

	==Geography==		==Geography==

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{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Palwal district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palwal
| other_name =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = File:Kos_Minar_001.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Kos Minar]] at Palwal along [[Grand Trunk Road]]
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.143|N|77.329|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = BJP
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 199.49
| population_total = 1040493
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 121102
| area_code = 01275
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| registration_plate = HR30
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 879 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Palwal''' is a city and a [[municipal council]]. It is the headquarters of [[Palwal district]], the 21st district of [[Haryana]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in northern [[India]]. It is a centre for the [[cotton]] trade in the area.

==Etymology and legend==

The origin of Palwal is related to the local legend related to the [[Mahabharata]], according to which the town is named after an [[asura]] called ''"Palwasura"'' who was slain by [[Balarama]], the brother of [[Krishna]]. To commemorate this event an annual festival called ''"Baldev Chhat Ka Mela"'' is held here, and a ''"Dauji temple"'' in honor of Balrama is situated in Banchari village 25 km from Palwal on [[Grand Trunk Road]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/haryanas-palwal-town-is-closely-linked-to-a-demon-the-pandavas-and-gandhi/as71245433.cms Haryana’s Palwal town is closely linked to a demon, the Pandavas and Gandhi], India Times, 23 Sept 2019.</ref>

==History==
The local tradition identifies Palwal with the Apelava town mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]], which was later restored by [[Vikramaditya]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_381.gif Palwal Town] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 19, p. 375.hh</ref>

Palwal, which lies in the cultural region of [[Braj]] is listed in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under Delhi [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]], producing a revenue of 1,769,493 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 500 infantry and 25 cavalry. It is mentioned as having a brick fort at the time and being located on top of a mound.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=286 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

'''Matia Fort''' or ''Palwal Fort'' was built during the [[Sher Shah Suri]] time. Excavations have unearthed evidence of a grand palace at the bottom of the fort. As of 2021, it lies in ruins.<ref name=ta2>Sohan Singh Khattar and Reena Kar, 2021, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=M60zEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA308&dq=history+of+loharu+fort&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj563egdLyAhVc7XMBHdPrDcwQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20loharu%20fort&f=false Know Your State Haryana], Arihant Publications, pp 308.</ref>

A historical building Gandhi Seva Ashram and Museum was made in the memory of Mahatma Gandhi. The Gandhi Museum is close to Palwal Railway Station. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was arrested on 10 April 1919 at Palwal railway station while going to [[Punjab]] against the [[Rowlatt Act]]. Keeping this memory alive lasting on October 2, 1938, Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] had kept it. Gandhi exhibition was established in Gandhi Seva Ashram in the year 1962. In it, history related to Gandhiji was preserved. Pictures for the exhibition were brought from the [[National Gandhi Museum]] of [[Delhi]]. Here it is Matia Mahal & Rani Kisori Bai Mahal at Hodal.Later, they started getting damaged, they were upgraded and the exhibition site was changed to the museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gandhi Museum {{!}} District Palwal |url=https://palwal.gov.in/tourist-place/gandhi-museum/ |website=palwal.gov.in |publisher=GOVERNMENT OF HARYANA |access-date=17 September 2018 |ref=https://palwal.gov.in/tourist-place/gandhi-museum/}}</ref>

===Post-independence===

On 15 August 1979, [[Gurgaon district]] was further divided to form a new [[Faridabad district]], and Palwal became a part of it.<ref>[http://gurgaon.nic.in/HISTORY.HTM History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013101146/http://gurgaon.nic.in/history.htm |date=13 October 2007 }} Official website Gurgaon.</ref> On 15August 2008, Palwal became the administrative headquarters of the newly formed [[Palwal district]], 21st district of Haryana.

==Geography==

Palwal is located at {{coord|28.12|N|77.33|E}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|195|m|ft}}.

Palwal is {{convert|60|km|mi}} from [[Delhi]], {{convert|29|km|mi}} from [[Faridabad]], {{convert|314|km|mi|abbr=}} from [[Chandigarh]] and {{convert|143|km|mi}} from [[Agra]].The latitude of the town is 28° 40' N and longitude is 76° 59' E. The area of town is {{convert|22.10|km2|mi2}}.<ref>[http://yap.nic.in/palwal.asp Palwal Geography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416174235/http://yap.nic.in/palwal.asp |date=16 April 2009 }} Yamuna Action Plan official website.</ref>

==See also==

* [[Administrative divisions of Haryana]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Palwal |volume=20 |short=x}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080513065355/http://www.haryana-online.com/History/history_1803-1857.htm History of Haryana]

[[Category:Palwal| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Palwal district]]