AlizaHyder840 at 14:28, 18 July 2024

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{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox temple
| name =
Pallikondeswara Temple
|native_name = పళ్ళికొండేశ్వరా దేవస్థానం
| image =Suruttupalli1.JPG
| caption =
| map_type = 
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|13|9|N|80|18|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Tirupati district]]
| location = [[Surutupalle]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Pallikondeswara ([[Shiva]])
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| number_of_temples =
| number_of_monuments=
| inscriptions =
| date_built =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Pallikondeswara Temple'''(also Pradosha kshetram) is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the god [[Shiva]] located in [[Surutupalle]],<ref>[[#V.|V. 2006]], p. 26</ref> a village in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. The presiding deity Pallikondeswara, unlike other Shiva temples, is sported in reclining posture lying on the lap of his consort [[Parvati]].

The temple house a three-tiered gateway tower known as ''[[gopurams]]''. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Valmeegeeswarar and Maragathambigai being the most prominent. The temple complex houses many halls and three precincts. The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 9 p.m., and five yearly festivals on its calendar. The Aipassi Annabishekam is the major festival in the temple. The temple was built by [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara king]] Harihara Bukka Raya (1344-47). In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by State Institute of Temple Administration (SITA) of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].

== Legend ==
During the [[Samudra manthan]] (churning of the ocean of milk) by the gods and demons, many treasures along with the [[Amrita]] (elixir of the gods) and the poison [[Halahala]] rose from the ocean. To rescue the beings of the world from the poison, Shiva consumed it. When the poison was just going down the throat of Shiva, his consort Parvati stopped it there by tightly holding Shiva’s throat, turning Shiva's neck blue. After the episode, Shiva proceeded to his abode [[Kailash]] with Parvati. On the way, he felt exhausted and slightly uncomfortable, when he reached a place in the bounds of Andhra, which came to be called Suruttappalli. There, he lay down to relax, keeping his head in the lap of Parvati. The gods, who were concerned about Shiva's well-being, assembled there and stood around him, waiting for the Lord to open his eyes. This lying posture of Shiva is rare and unique, almost similar to Vishnu’s reclining posture.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Pallikondeeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=90|publisher=Dinamalar|accessdate=4 November 2021|year=2014}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
[[File:Suruttupalli4.JPG|thumb|A temple sculpture depicting the central icon|left]]
The temple was built by [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara king]] Harihara Bukka Raya (1344-47). The temple has an inscription stating the temple was renovated by Kalahasti princess in 1833. Sri [[Chandrashekarendra Saraswati]] of [[Kanchi Mutt]] camped here for 40 days in 1976, he showed a place and asked people to dig it, when they did, they found the stone and Mahaperiyava disclosed that the footprints are those of [[Rama|Rama's]] twins [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]]. [[Jayendra Saraswati|Sri Jayendra Saraswati]] and [[Vijayendra Saraswati Swamigal|Sri Vijayendra Saraswati]] performed the Kumbabhishekam of the temple on June 23 2002. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by State Institute of Temple Administration (SITA) of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]. Palli Kondeswarar translates to reclining deity. Shiva as Palli Kondeswarar is seen in a reclining posture in the lap of his consort [[Parvati]] as Sarva Mangalambika, which is typical of [[Ranganatha]] form of the god [[Vishnu]]. The temple was built during the late [[Vijayanagara]] period and the deity here is termed as ''Bhoga sayana Siva''.<ref>A. Satyanarayana, Pedarapu Chenna Reddy, ''Recent trends in historical studies: festschrift to Professor Ravula Soma Reddy'', p. 253</ref> The temple house a three-tiered gateway tower known as ''[[gopurams]]''. This icon of Shiva is unusual; most Shiva temples contain a [[Lingam]], his aniconic symbol, as the central icon. The gods [[Ganesha]], [[Kartikeya]], [[Surya]], [[Chandra]], [[Indra]] and sages such as [[Narada]] are seen standing around Shiva.<ref name=tv9>{{cite news|title=Pallikondeswara Temple: What is the rare glory of Lord Shiva lying on the lap of Goddess Parvati .. Do you know how to reach ..!|url=https://tv9telugu.com/spiritual/history-of-pallikondeswara-temple-surutapalli-428993.html|accessdate=4 November 2021|date=1 March 2021|publisher=TV9}}</ref>

The temple has many icons, besides the central icon for [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Chandra]], [[Kubera]], [[Surya]], [[Indra]], [[Ganesha]], [[Kartikeya]] with consorts [[Valli]] and [[Devayanai]]. There are icons for sages [[Bhrigu]], [[Markandeya]], [[Narada]], [[Agastya]], [[Pulastya]], [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]], [[Tumburu]], [[Vashista]], [[Viswamitra]] and [[Valmiki]]. [[Adishankara]], another form of Shiva, in a separate niche. There are shrines for [[Navagraha]], the nine planetary deities and [[Nidhi|Sanganidhi and Padumanidhi]] with their consorts Vasundara and Vasumadhi respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pallikondeeswarar temple Surutapalli|date=13 December 2018|accessdate=4 November 2021|publisher=Malaimalar|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2018/12/13075349/1217771/Palli-Kondeswarar-Temple-Surutapalli-Andhra-Pradesh.vpf|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104151250/https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2018/12/13075349/1217771/Palli-Kondeswarar-Temple-Surutapalli-Andhra-Pradesh.vpf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Deities inside the Temple==
* [[Shiva|Palli Kondeswara]] with [[Parvati|Sarvamangalambika]]
* [[Shiva|Valmikeswara]]
* [[Parvati|Maragathambika]]
* Ramalingeswara
* [[Ganesha|Vinayaka]]
* [[Ganesha|Varasiddhi Vinayaka]]
* [[Subrahmanya]] with [[Devasena]] and [[Valli]]
* Saligrama Vinayaka
* Bala Subramanya Swamy
* [[Tripura Sundari|Rajarajeshwari]]
* [[Mahalakshmi]]
* [[Saraswathi]]
* [[Annapurna (goddess)|Annapoorni]]
* [[Durga|Durga Devi]]
* [[Lingodbhava]]
* [[Brahma]]
* [[Bhairava]]
* [[Valmiki]]
* [[Kubera]]
* [[Aiyanar]] with Poorna and Pushkala
* [[Ayyappan]] with Gajavahanam
* Thambathya [[Dakshinamurthy]]
* Jwarahareswara
* [[Vishnu]]
* Kasi Vishwanathar
* Vishalakshi Amman
* [[Krishna|Venugopalaswamy]]
* [[Ekapada|Ekapadha Trimurti]]
* [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Adhikara Nandi]]
* [[Chandeshvara Nayanar|Chandikeswarar]]
* [[Matangi|Raja Matangi]]
* [[Matrikas|Sapthamatrikas]]
* [[Navagrahas]]
* [[Nataraja]] and Sivakami
* Footprints of [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]]
* [[Sambandar]]
* [[Appar]]
* [[Sundarar]]
* [[Manikkavacakar]]
* In Pallikondeswara shrine he is seen in reclining posture on [[Parvati|Parvati's]] lap. [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Markandeya]], [[Narada]], [[Chandra]], [[Kubera]], [[Indra]], [[Surya]], [[Ganesha]], [[Kartikeya]] with consorts [[Valli]] and [[Deivanai]], [[Bhrigu]], [[Agastya]], [[Pulastya]], [[Tumburu]], [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]], [[Vasishta]], [[Vishwamitra]] and [[Valmiki]] were surrounded.
* In Ramalingeswara shrine there are shrines for [[Rama]], [[Sita]], [[Lakshmana]], [[Hanuman|Anjaneya]], [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]] and [[Shatrughna]].
* In Maragathambikai shrine instead of Dwarashaktis [[Kalpavriksha]] and [[Kamadhenu]] were present.
* In Valimikeswara shrine instead of Dwarapalakas [[Nidhi|Sankhanidhi]] and [[Nidhi|Padmanidhi]] with their consorts were present.

==Worship practices ==
[[File:Nandi Infront of Pallikondeswara Temple.jpg|thumb|Nandi in front of Pallikondeswara Temple]]
The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; Ushathkalam at 6:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Valmeegeswarar and Maraganthibigai. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshipers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''.
Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (September – October), Thiruvadhirai during the month of ''{{lang|te-Latn|Margazhi}}'' (December – January) and Annabhishekam during the Tamil month of ''{{lang|te-Latn|Aippasi}}'' are the major festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name=dinamalar/> Pradosham, the fortnightingly festival is celebrated in all the south Indian temples. This temple garners around 15,000 visitors during pradosham and around 30,000 during the [[Sivarathri]] festival.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/02/28/stories/2003022801290600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615023339/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/02/28/stories/2003022801290600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2013|title= Deities in rare form|date=28 February 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Subburaj|first=V. |title=Tourist Guide to Chennai |year=2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press, INC.|location=t. Krishna Press|isbn=81-7478-040-8|ref=V.}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tirupati district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Andhra Pradesh]]

Pallikondeswara Temple, Surutupalle - Revision history

AlizaHyder840 at 14:28, 18 July 2024