->Amazomagisto at 04:32, 8 June 2021

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{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
'''Paliath Achan''' or '''Paliyath Achan''' is the name given to the oldest male member of the '''Paliam''' family, a [[Nair]] chieftain family from the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]] that figured prominently in the history of the region.

==Overview==
The Paliath Achans were hereditary prime ministers to the [[Raja]]h of [[Perumpadapu Swaroopam|Kingdom of Cochin (Kerala)]] from 1632 to 1809<ref>{{cite web | title = Synagogue set to showcase history |date=1 March 2005 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/01/stories/2005030108200500.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050305221720/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/01/stories/2005030108200500.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 March 2005 | work = [[The Hindu]] | accessdate = 6 July 2006 }}</ref> and second only to the Rajah in power and wealth in the central Cochin area during that period.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pillai|first=Manu S.|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/the-paliath-achans-a-cochin-family-that-was-once-richer-than-the-maharajas/article29469185.ece|title=The Paliath Achans, a Cochin family that was once richer than the Maharajas|date=2019-09-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==The Tharavadu Palace==
[[File:paliam naalukettu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The Paliam Naalukettu]]The main family [[tharavadu]] (''[[Naalukettu]]'') is approximately 450 years old. The ''Kovilakam'' (palace) houses a large number of artefacts including ancient documents, religious sacraments, swords, rifles, and gifts brought by foreign dignitaries. Several other buildings, like the Paliath Achan's ''Kovilakam'' (which was built by the Dutch, and also known as the Dutch palace) exist adjacent to the tharavadu. The buildings in the area date anywhere from 60 to 300 years. Today very few paliath family members are there in Thrissur.

==Significance in Kerala history==

The Zamorin invaded Cochin in 1757. Due to the diplomatic efforts of the Paliath Achan, the Kingdom of Cochin was saved. During [[Hyder Ali]]'s conquest of the south of India in 1776, the Paliath Achan was able to effect a treaty between Hyder Ali and the Cochin Raja.

In 1808, the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] were trying to create divisions between the Raja of Kochi's men. They had succeeded in getting the support of Nadavarambu Kunhikrishna Menon. Paliath Govindan Achan was provoked by this.<ref name=":0">{{cite book| last=Daniel |first=D| title=Struggle for Responsible Government in Travancore, 1938–1947|year=1985 |publisher=Raj Publications| location=Kerala| page=17}}</ref> He took with him 600 Nair soldiers and attacked the headquarters of Colonel Macaulay, the British Resident, who was forced to flee.<ref>{{cite book| title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Madras II| year=1908| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI1kfvUKUiAC&pg=PA442&dq=paliyath+achan+travancore+resident&as_brr=1| page=442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=The History of Freedom Movement in Kerala| last=Menon| first=P. K. K. |year=1970| publisher=Government of Kerala| location=Kerala| page=27}}</ref> Following the attack, Paliath Achan and his men broke open the jails and set free prisoners.<ref>{{cite book| title=The Modern Review| last=Chatterjee| first=Ramanada| year=1907| publisher=Prabasi Press Limited| location=India| page=264}}</ref> The Paliath Achan later joined the [[Travancore]] alliance of [[Velu Thampi Dalawa]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Kerala District Gazetteers| last=Menon| first=A. Sreedhara| publisher=Superintendent of Government Presses| location=Kerala| year=1962| page=88}}</ref> During 1809 and 1810, Paliath Achan, allied with [[Velu Thampi Dalawa]], fought the British on Travancore soil.<ref name=":1">{{cite book| title=A Survey of Kerala History| last=Menon| first=A. Sreedhara| year=1967| location=Kerala| publisher=Sahithya Pravarthaka Company| pages=322, 323, 324, 325}}</ref> However, the British [[Divide and Rule]] policy succeeded in isolating him from the rest of the alliance. His family threatened by the British, and due to his defeat, the Paliath Achan was forced to surrender, and defected to the British side.<ref>{{cite book| title=Kerala and Her History: An Introduction| last=Kareem| first=C.K.K.| publisher=St. Joseph's Press| location=Kerala| year=1971| page=22}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book| title=The History of Freedom Movement in Kerala| last=Menon| first=P. K. K. |year=1970| publisher=Government of Kerala| location=Kerala| page=32}}</ref> After the rebellion, the British deported him to Madras, where he was kept prisoner at Fort St. George for 12 years.<ref name=":1" /> He was then taken to Bombay and remained a prisoner there for 13 years, finally passing away at [[Varanasi|Benares]] 1832. Paliath Govindan Achan was the last Paliath Achan to occupy the position of Prime Minister in the Kingdom of Cochin.

Another notable Paliath Achan includes Komi Achan I. Komi Achan I resisted the attempts by the Portuguese to impose their power on the Cochin Family. He allied himself with the Dutch, travelling to [[Colombo]] to sign a treaty with them. He also supported the Dutch against the Portuguese. In recognition of his efforts, the Dutch built him a palace (the ''Kovilakam'') at Chendamangalam.<ref>{{cite book| last=Menon| first=A. Sreedhara| title=Cultural History of Kerala| publisher=East-West Publications| location=India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=px5BAAAAMAAJ&q=Paliath+Dutch&dq=Paliath+Dutch&pgis=1| page=121}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=History of South India| last=Chopra| first=P. N.| publisher=S. Chand & Company| location=India| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eRx-d821rYC&pg=RA2-PA24&dq=Paliyath+Dutch+Zamorin+Van+Goens&as_brr=3&sig=d_odl2kCrAXZTrhh9BqqqqMmpLY| page=24}}</ref>

Between 1730 and 1740 the status of the Cochin kingdom dwindled due consolidation of power in Travancore under [[Marthanda Varma]] combined with the waning influence of the Dutch and a large-scale invasion by the Zamorin from the north. Paliath Komi Achan was able to effect a treaty between the Cochin and Travancore Kingdoms.<ref>{{cite book| title=A Translation of Record, Grandhavari, In the State Archives| year=1973| location=Kerala| publisher=State Archives Department, Government of Kerala| page=23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=A Survey of Kerala History| last=Menon| first=A. Sreedhara| year=1967| location=Kerala| publisher=Sahithya Pravarthaka Company| pages=280, 293}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Mediaeval Kerala| last=Raja| first=P. K. S.| year=1966| location=Kerala| publisher=Navakerala Co-op publishers| page=201}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Rama Varma of Travancore: His role in the consolidation of British Power in South India| last=Sobhanan| first=B.| year=1978| publisher=Sandhya Publications| location=Kerala| page=17}}</ref> This treaty facilitated the defeat of the Zamorin.<ref>[http://crfhs.org/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=16 A Primer in Cochin Royal Family History]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''crhfs.org''</ref>

The Chendamangalam [[Jewish people|Jews]] sing "The Song of Paliathachan" in which they mention the mention "Nayar Noblemen" who bestowed upon the Jews "gifts and books to all those who come, and titles to foreigners".<ref>[http://chensyn.com/CochinBrochure.pdf The Chennamangalam Synagogue: Jewish Community in a Village in Kerala]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''chensyn.com''</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Jews of India: A story of Three Communities| last=Slapak| first=Orpa| year=1995| publisher=UPNE| location=Bene-Israel| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhKGPprbQaYC&pg=PA28&dq=(jew+OR+jews)+(chendamangalam+OR+chennamangalam)&as_brr=3&sig=KhGWNruxrRzxgVshb6g0kvB2fOk| isbn=965-278-179-7| page=28}}</ref>

In the ''Vishnuvilasam Hamsappattu'', a Malayalam poem about the life of Vishnu (as spoken by a swan), the poet ([[Kunjan Nambiar]]) makes a reference to a Paliath Achan named Kuberan:<ref>{{cite book| last=Sharma| first=V. S.|title=Makers of Indian Literature: Kunchan Nampyar| publisher=Sahitya Akademi| location=India| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v31SnlMO2IUC&pg=PA9&dq=Paliyath+Kunchan&as_brr=3&sig=ATMe0VbJDFyF5DSLDURA0Uuz33M| page=9}}</ref>

:''ശ്രീ കുബേരാഖ്യഗനം പാലിയാധീഷരന്റേ''
:''ശ്രീ കുലാഡംബരം ചെമ്മേ വരൊത്തൊന്ന''
:''ശ്രീ കാന്തദേവന്‍ ജയന്താലയേശ്വരന്‍''
:''ശ്രീ കണ്ഠ്സേവിതന്‍ ശ്രീന്യസിംഹാക്യതി''
:''ശ്രേയസ്സു നല്‍കും നിനക്കിന്നു ഹംസമേ!''

:''SrI kubErAkhyaganam pAliyAdhIsharantE''
:''SrI kulADambaram chemmE varoththonna''
:''SrI kAnthadEvan jayanthAlayEaSvaran''
:''SrEyassu nalkum ninakkinnu hamsamE!''

Kochu Sankaran Muthat of Vatakketam in Triprayar was a student of Manorama Thampuratti of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]]. He lived at Paliam, teaching students there. He wrote a commentary named ''Prasika'', on the eleventh book of the [[Bhagavad Gita]], based on earlier commentaries of his student, Paliath Achan:

:''നിജശിഷ്യ പാലിയേശ-''
:''പ്രാര്‍ത്ഥനയാ ശങ്കരഖ്യ ശിവവിപ്ര:''
:''ദാഗവതൈകാദശഗാ:''
:''പ്രാക്തനവിവ്യതീ: സമുച്ചിനോമ്യദ്യ''

:''nijaSishya pAliyESa-''
:''prArththhanayA Sankarakhya Sivavipraha''
:''dAgavathaikAdaSagAha''
:''prAkthanavivyathIha samuchchinOmyadya''

The Paliam family had a rich collection of manuscripts in Sanskrit and Malayalam. At the time of family partition, this collection was donated to the [[Kerala University]] Manuscript Library and the [[Hill Palace, Tripunithura|Tripunithura]].<ref>[http://www.webindia123.com/monuments/museums/hillpalace.htm Hill Palace Museum, Thripunithara, Kerala] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030202329/http://www.webindia123.com/monuments/museums/hillpalace.htm |date=30 October 2007 }}</ref>

===Paliam Satyagraham===
Paliam satyagraha was a [[Satyagraha|movement]] in 1947–48 to allow entry for [[Hindu]]s of [[Indian caste system|lower castes]] in the roads surrounding the Paliam family home in Chendamangalam and the temples. The success of this and similar movements led to the temples in Kochi being opened for all Hindus in 1948.<ref>{{cite book| last=Gopalan| first=Avillath Kutteri| title=Kerala, Past and Present| publisher=Lawrence and Wishart| year=1959| location=Kerala| page=25}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[History of Kerala]]
*[[History of Kochi]]
*[[Cochin Royal Family]]
*[[Nair]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{refbegin}}
* P. J. Cherian : Perspectives on Kerala history – The Second Millennium
* Akhilavijnanakosam Malayalam encyclopaedia, Vol.4, D.C. Books (1990)
* Prof. M. Radhadevi : Paliam Family, Saga of Paliam Family
* Dr. K. Kunjunni Raja : Literary Patronage By Paliam Family, Saga of Paliam Family

{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cochin-ernakulam.com/history.htm History of Cochin]

[[Category:Indian noble families]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kochi]]
[[Category:Kerala families]]
[[Category:Nair]]

Paliath Achan - Revision history

->Amazomagisto at 04:32, 8 June 2021