Muskit Gergous: Created page with "{{Short description|Citizens and nationals of Pakistan}} {{redirect|Pakistani|a demographical overview|Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistani people living outside of Pakistan|Overseas Pakistanis|other uses}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Pakistanis | flag = Flag of Pakistan.svg | flag_caption = Flag of Pakistan | native_name = {{Nastaliq|پاكِستانى ق..."

2023-07-21T12:15:58Z

Created page with "{{Short description|Citizens and nationals of Pakistan}} {{redirect|Pakistani|a demographical overview|Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistani people living outside of Pakistan|Overseas Pakistanis|other uses}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Pakistanis | flag = Flag of Pakistan.svg | flag_caption = Flag of Pakistan | native_name = {{Nastaliq|پاكِستانى ق..."

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{{Short description|Citizens and nationals of Pakistan}}
{{redirect|Pakistani|a demographical overview|Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistani people living outside of Pakistan|Overseas Pakistanis|other uses}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Pakistanis
| flag = Flag of Pakistan.svg
| flag_caption = [[Flag of Pakistan]]
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|پاكِستانى قوم}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| population = {{circa|242,341,368}}{{efn|238,181,034 total population of Pakistan according to the [[United States Census]]<ref name="USCB">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popclock/|title=U.S. and World Population Clock|work=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> including estimated population of [[Overseas Pakistani]].}}
[[File:Map of the Pakistani Diaspora in the World.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]]
| popplace =
| region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
| pop1 = 233,500,636<ref name="USCB" />
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop2 = 2,600,000 (2017 estimate)<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/897720/economic-survey-2014-15-ishaq-dar-unveils-countrys-economic-report-card/ |title=Economic Survey 2014–15: Ishaq Dar touts economic growth amidst missed targets |date=4 June 2015 |work=The Express Tribune}}</ref>
| region3 = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
| pop3 = 1,700,000 (2017 estimate)<ref name="ophrd.gov.pk">{{cite web |url = http://callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf |title = Statement showing number of Overseas Pakistanis living, working and studying in different regions/countries of the world, as on 31st December, 2017 - Region-Wise distribution |publisher = [[Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development]] |date = 31 December 2018 |access-date= 29 August 2019}}</ref>
| region4 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| pop4 = 1,587,819 ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 official British census]])<ref name=2021census>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls|title=2021 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=11 October 2013|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>{{efn|name="census"|This census figure may not include recent immigrants or people of [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|partial]] Pakistani ancestry.}}
| region5 = {{flagcountry|United States}}
| pop5 = 526,956 (2018 [[American Community Survey]] estimate)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=pakistani&g=&lastDisplayedRow=18&table=B02018&tid=ACSDT1Y2018.B02018&vintage=2018&mode=|title=Asian alone or in any combination by selected groups|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>
| region6 = {{flagcountry|Oman}}
| pop6 = 235,000 (2013 estimate)<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=http://ophrd.gov.pk/frmDetails.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 April 2019 |archive-date=5 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605120511/http://www.ophrd.gov.pk/frmDetails.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| region7 = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| pop7 = 215,560 ([[2016 Canadian census|2016 official Canadian census]])<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables - Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|first=Government of Canada, Statistics|last=Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|date=25 October 2017 }}</ref>
| region8 = {{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
| pop8 = 150,000 (2009 estimate)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=NTk4MTcyNTA3|first=Hussein|last=Al-Qarari|date=29 March 2009|title=Pakistanis celebrate National Day in Kuwait|periodical=Kuwait Times|access-date=14 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617012758/http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=NTk4MTcyNTA3|archive-date=17 June 2011}}</ref>
| region9 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop9 = 140,000 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Publikationen/Downloads-Migration/statistischer-bericht-migrationshintergrund-erst-2010220227005.htmll|title = Statistischer Bericht - Mikrozensus - Bevölkerung nach Migrationshintergrund - Erstergebnisse 2022|date = 20 April 2023|access-date = 17 July 2023|url-status = live}}</ref>
| region10 = {{flagcountry|Qatar}}
| pop10 = 125,000 (2016 official Qatari estimate)<ref>(2017){{cite web|url=http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |title=Population of Qatar by nationality - 2017 report |publisher=priyadsouza.com |access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref>
| region11 = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop11 = 120,000 (2017 estimate)<ref name="Pakistan Government">{{cite web |url = http://callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf |title = Statement showing number of Overseas Pakistanis living, working and studying in different regions/countries of the world, as on 31st December, 2017 - Region-Wise distribution |publisher = [[Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development]] |date = 31 December 2018 |access-date = 29 August 2019 |archive-date = 29 August 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190829202243/http://callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref>
| region12 = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
| pop12 = 118,181 (2017 official Italian estimate)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2017/10/Infographic-Non-EU-citizens-in-Italy.-Years-2016-2017.pdf |title=Data |date=2017 |website=www.istat.it |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref>
| region13 = {{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
| pop13 = 112,000 (2013 estimate)<ref name="auto1"/>
| region14 = {{flagcountry|Spain}}
| pop14 = 82,738 (2018 official Spanish estimate)<ref name="TablaPx">{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.px|title=TablaPx|website=Ine.es|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref>
| region15 = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| pop15 = 61,913 ([[2016 Australian census|2016 official Australian census]])<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|format=ZIP |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~036/$File/GCP_036.zip?OpenElement |title=2016 Census of Population and Housing: General Community Profile: Catalogue No. 2001.0 |publisher=censusdata.abs.gov.au |date=2017 |access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref>
| region16 = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
| pop16 = 59,281 (2017 official Malaysian estimate)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asiatimes.com/article/govt-keen-to-cut-malaysias-dependence-on-foreign-labor/ |title=Govt keen to cut Malaysia's dependence on foreign labor |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=6 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2017/07/27/home-ministry-says-there-are-1.7-million-legal-foreign-workers-in-malaysia/1430323|title=Home Ministry says there are 1.7 million legal foreign workers in Malaysia as of June 30 | Malay Mail|first=27 July 2017 08:15 PM MYT|last=Thursday|website=www.malaymail.com|date=27 July 2017 }}</ref>
| region17 = {{flagcountry|China}}
| pop17 = 54,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigration.go.kr/HP/COM/bbs_003/ListShowData.do?strNbodCd=noti0096&strWrtNo=124&strAnsNo=A&strOrgGbnCd=104000&strRtnURL=IMM_6050&strAllOrgYn=N&strThisPage=1&strFilePath=imm|title=통계연보(글내용) < 통계자료실 < 출입국·외국인정책본부|last=출입국·외국인정책본부|website=Immigration.go.kr|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref>
| region18 = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
| pop18 = 38,000 (2019 official Norwegian estimate)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Innvandrerbefolkningen|url=https://www.kommuneprofilen.no/Profil/Kommunefakta/Innvandrere_kommune.aspx|website=kommunefakta.no}}</ref>
| region19 = {{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}
| pop19 = 18,094 (2016 estimate)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html|title=Main Tables | 2016 Population By-census|website=www.bycensus2016.gov.hk}}</ref>
| region20 = {{flag|Ireland}}
| pop20 = 12,891 (2016 estimate)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/newsevents/documents/census2016summaryresultspart1/Census2016SummaryPart1.pdf|title=Census summary |date=2016 |website=www.cso.ie |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ireland India Council|url=http://www.irelandindiacouncil.ie/community.php | website = irelandindiacouncil.ie | title = Indian Community In Ireland | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180120101750/http://www.irelandindiacouncil.ie/community.php | archive-date = 20 January 2018 }}</ref>
| region21 = {{flag|Switzerland}}
| pop21 = 3,094 (2016 estimate)
| langs = {{nowrap|[[Urdu]] (national)}}{{efn|Also known as Lashkari}} [[Pakistani English|English]] (official, but few),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mariam |first1=Durrani |title=Banishing Colonial Specters: Language Ideology and Education Policy in Pakistan |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1233&context=wpel |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan - People {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/People |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en|quote=With the exception of this educated elite, English is spoken fluently by only a small percentage of the population.}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Pashto]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Hindko]], [[Brahui language|Brahui]], [[Pahari-Pothwari]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Khowar language|Khowar]], [[Kalasha-mun]], [[Shina language|Shina]], [[Balti language|Balti]] and [[Languages of Pakistan|others]]
| rels = '''Majority''': [[Islam]] (96.28%) {{nowrap|{{small|(85–90% [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], 10–15% [[Shia Islam|Shia]])}}}} '''Minority:''' [[Hinduism]], [[Christianity]], [[Ahmadiyya]], [[Baháʼí Faith]], [[Kalasha (religion)|Kalasha]], [[Sikhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]]<ref name="auto">{{cite news|last=Husain |first=Irfan |title=Faith in decline |url=http://dawn.com/2012/08/27/faith-in-decline/ |access-date=16 December 2012 |newspaper=Dawn |date=27 August 2012 |quote=Interestingly, and somewhat intriguingly, 2 per cent of the Pakistanis surveyed see themselves as atheists, up from 1pc in 2005. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204113125/http://dawn.com/2012/08/27/faith-in-decline/ |archive-date= 4 December 2012 }}</ref>
}}
'''Pakistanis''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پاكِستانى قوم}}|translit=Pākistānī Qaum}}, {{Literal translation|Pakistani Nation}}) are the [[Pakistani nationality law|citizens and nationals]] of the [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]. According to the [[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017 Pakistani national census]], the population of Pakistan stood at over 213 million people, making it the world's [[List of countries and dependencies by population|fifth-most populous country]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1354506|title=Census results show 59.7pc growth in Karachi's population, 116pc in Lahore's since 1998|last=Dawn.com|date=28 August 2017|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=1 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> The majority of Pakistanis natively speak languages belonging to the [[Indo-Iranic languages|Indo-Iranic family]] ([[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Iranian languages|Iranic]] subfamilies).

Located in [[South Asia]], the country is also the source of a [[Overseas Pakistani|significantly large diaspora]], most of whom reside in the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Arab countries of the Persian Gulf]], with an estimated population of 4.7 million.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} The second-largest Pakistani diaspora resides throughout both [[Northwestern Europe]] and [[Western Europe]], where there are an estimated 2.4 million; over half of this figure reside in the [[United Kingdom]] (see [[British Pakistanis]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1391730/overseas-workforce-2-43-million-pakistanis-working-europe|title=2.43 million Pakistanis working in Europe|date=23 April 2017|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref><ref name=2011census>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls|title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=11 October 2013|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>

== Ethnic subgroups ==
{{main|Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}
Having one of the [[List of countries by population growth rate|fastest-growing populations]] in the world, Pakistan's people belong to various ethnic groups, with the overwhelming majority being speakers of the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranic languages]].<ref>Pakistan Population. (28 August 2019). Retrieved 2019-09-14, from http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/pakistan-population/</ref> Ethnically, [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] comprise the majority of the population in the eastern provinces of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]], [[Sindh]] and [[Kashmir]], while [[Iranian peoples|Iranic peoples]] comprise the majority in the western provinces of [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. In addition to [[Administrative units of Pakistan|its four provinces]], Pakistan also administers [[Kashmir conflict|two disputed territories]] known as [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan|Gilgit–Baltistan]]; both territories also have an Indo-Aryan majority with the exception of the latter's subregion of [[Baltistan]], which is largely inhabited by [[Tibetan people]]s. Pakistan also hosts a significant population of [[Dravidian peoples]], the majority of whom are [[South India]]ns who trace their roots to historical [[princely state]]s such as [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad Deccan]] and are identified with the multi-ethnic community of [[Mahajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]] ({{Literal translation|migrants}}), who arrived in the country after the [[Partition of India|partition of British India]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muhajir {{!}} people|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/muhajir|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan - People|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

Major ethnolinguistic groups in the country include [[Punjabis]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Sindhis]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], and [[Baloch people]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethnic Groups In Pakistan|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-pakistan.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=WorldAtlas|date=30 July 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan - Linguistic and Ethnic Groups|url=http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/31.htm|access-date=2021-04-27|website=countrystudies.us}}</ref> with significant numbers of [[Kashmiris]], [[Brahui people|Brahuis]], [[Hindkowans]], [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Paharis]], [[Shina people]], [[Burusho people]], [[Wakhi people|Wakhis]], [[Balti people|Baltis]], [[Kho people|Chitralis]], and other minorities.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hurst|first=Christopher O.|date=1996-01-01|title=Pakistan's ethnic divide|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10576109608436002|journal=Studies in Conflict & Terrorism|volume=19|issue=2|pages=179–198|doi=10.1080/10576109608436002|issn=1057-610X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahmed|first=Feroz|date=1996|title=Ethnicity, Class and State in Pakistan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4404794|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=31|issue=47|pages=3050–3053|jstor=4404794 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>

==Culture==
{{Stack|[[File:Men in shalwar kameez on the road to Kalash, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Men dressed in [[shalwar kameez]] in a general store on the road to [[Kalasha Valleys|Kalash]], Pakistan]]|float=right}}{{main|Culture of Pakistan}}
The existence of Pakistan as an [[Islamic state]] since the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|1956 constitution]] has led to the large-scale injection of [[Islam]] into most aspects of Pakistani culture and everyday life, which has accordingly impacted the historical values and traditions of the [[Islam in Pakistan|Muslim-majority population]]. Marriages and other major events are significantly impacted by regional differences in culture, but generally follow [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] where required. The national dress of Pakistan is the [[shalwar kameez]], a [[Unisex clothing|unisex garment]] widely-worn,<ref name="Marsden20052">{{cite book |last=Marsden |first=Magnus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7q9lLQ8QqM8C&pg=PA37 |title=Living Islam: Muslim Religious Experience in Pakistan's North-West Frontier |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-139-44837-6 |page=37 |quote=The village's men and boys largely dress in sombre colours in the loose trousers and long shirt (shalwar kameez) worn across Pakistan. Older men often wear woollen Chitrali caps (pakol), waistcoats and long coats (chugha), made by Chitrali tailors (darzi) who skills are renowned across Pakistan.}}</ref><ref name="Haines20132">{{cite book |last=Haines |first=Chad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueTGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT162 |title=Nation, Territory, and Globalization in Pakistan: Traversing the Margins |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-44997-0 |page=162 |quote=the shalwar kameez happens to be worn by just about everyone in Pakistan, including in all of Gilgit-Baltistan. |mode=cs2}}</ref> and [[national dress]],<ref name="Ozyegin20162">{{cite book |last=Ozyegin |first=Gul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aq21CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222 |title=Gender and Sexuality in Muslim Cultures |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-13051-2 |page=222 |quote=What is common in all the cases is the wearing of shalwar, kameez, and dupatta, the national dress of Pakistan.}}</ref> of Pakistan. When women wear the shalwar-kameez in some regions, they usually wear a long scarf or shawl called a [[dupatta]] around the head or neck.<ref name="SWIE2">{{cite book |last1=Rait |first1=Satwant Kaur |title=Sikh Women In England: Religious, Social and Cultural Beliefs |date=14 April 2005 |publisher=Trentham Book |isbn=978-1-85856-353-4 |location=Trent and Sterling |page=68}}</ref> The dupatta is also employed as a form of modesty—although it is made of delicate material, it obscures the upper body's contours by passing over the shoulders. For Muslim women, the dupatta is a less stringent alternative to the [[chador]] or [[burqa]].

==Languages==
{{main|Languages of Pakistan}}
[[Urdu]], or ''Lashkari'' (لشکری ),<ref>Singh, Shashank, and Shailendra Singh. "Systematic review of spell-checkers for highly inflectional languages." Artificial Intelligence Review 53 (2020): 4051-4092.</ref> an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], is the [[lingua franca]] of Pakistan, and while it shares official status with [[English language|English]], it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups. Although Indo-Aryan in classification, its exact origins as a language are disputed by scholars.<ref>Qureshi, Omar. "Twentieth-century Urdu literature." Handbook of Twentieth Century Literatures of India (1996): 329-362.</ref> However, despite serving as the country's national language, Urdu is spoken as a [[second language]] by most Pakistanis, with nearly 93 percent of the population speaking a [[first language]] other than Urdu. Numerous regional and provincial languages are spoken as native languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups, with the [[Punjabi language]] having a national plurality as the first language of approximately 45 percent of the total population. Languages with more than a million speakers each include [[Pashto]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Brahui language|Brahui]], and [[Hindko]]. The [[Pakistani English|Pakistani dialect of English]] is also widely spoken throughout the country, albeit mostly in urban centres such as [[Islamabad]] and [[Karachi]].

==Religion==
{{main|Religion in Pakistan}}
Pakistan officially endorses [[Islam]] as a [[state religion]] and utilizes [[Sharia]] in governance across the entire country to a large degree. The overwhelming majority of Pakistanis identify as [[Muslims]], and the country has the [[Islam by country|second-largest population of Muslims]] in the world after [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbqfCwAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+has+second+largest+muslim+population+in+the+world&pg=PT5|title=Islam in India and Pakistan – A Religious History|last=Singh|first=Dr. Y P|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|year=2016|isbn=9789385505638}}</ref><ref>see: [[Islam by country]]</ref> Other minority religious faiths include [[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hinduism]], [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christianity]], [[Ahmadiyya in Pakistan|Ahmadiyya]], [[Sikhism in Pakistan|Sikhism]], the [[Baháʼí Faith in Pakistan|Baháʼí Faith]], [[Parsis|Zoroastrianism]], and [[Kalash people#Religion|Kalasha]]. Pakistan's Hindu and Christian minorities comprise the second- and third-largest religious groups in the country, respectively.

=== Irreligion ===
[[Irreligion]], [[agnosticism]], and [[atheism]] are present amongst a minority of Pakistanis, the majority of whom belong to the newer [[generation]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title= Pakistani youths turning into atheists |publisher= [[IBN Live]]|url= http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistani-muslim-youths-turning-into-atheists/130354-19-93.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100911005101/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistani-muslim-youths-turning-into-atheists/130354-19-93.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 11 September 2010|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism |publisher= [[WIN/GIA|Gallup]]|url= http://www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf |access-date=2 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= The hardest part about being faithless|publisher= [[Pakistan Today]]|url= http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/02/08/comment/the-hardest-part-about-being-faithless/?|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref> According to a 2005 [[Gallup (company)#World Poll|Gallup World Poll]], 1 percent of Pakistani respondents identified themselves as atheists. By 2012, the figure had risen to 2 percent. The same poll also surveyed 2,700 other people in Pakistan, of whom 54 were self-declared irreligious.<ref name="auto" />

==Diaspora==
{{main|Overseas Pakistanis}}
[[File:Map of the Pakistani Diaspora in the World.svg|right|thumb|Distribution of Pakistani diaspora 
{{Legend|#000000|Pakistan}}
{{Legend|#01411c|+ 1,000,000}}
{{Legend|#018438|+ 100,000}}
{{Legend|#01d059|+ 10,000}}
{{Legend|#a9fec1|+ 1,000}}]]
The Pakistani diaspora maintains a significant presence in the [[Middle East]], [[Europe]], [[North America]], and [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]. According to the [[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Pakistan has the [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population#UN 2019 report: emigrant population|seventh-largest diaspora]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/india-has-largest-diaspora-population-in-world-un-183731|title=India has largest diaspora population in world: UN|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> According to the [[Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development]] of the [[Government of Pakistan]], approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad, with the vast majority (over 4.7 million) residing in the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf|title=Year Book 2017-18|publisher=Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Pakistan}}
*[[List of Pakistanis]]
*[[Demographics of Pakistan]]
*[[Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]
*[[Overseas Pakistani]]s

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Abbasi, Nadia Mushtaq. "The Pakistani diaspora in Europe and its impact on democracy building in Pakistan." ''International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance'' (2010).
* Awan, Shehzadi Zamurrad. "Relevance of Education for Women's Empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan." ''Journal of International Women's Studies'' 18.1 (2016): 208+ [http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1920&context=jiws online]
* Bolognani, Marta, and Stephen Lyon, eds. ''Pakistan and its diaspora: multidisciplinary approaches'' (Springer, 2011).
* Eglar, Zekiya. ''A Punjabi Village in Pakistan: Perspectives on Community, Land, and Economy'' (Oxford UP, 2010).
* Kalra, Virinder S., ed. ''Pakistani Diasporas: Culture, conflict, and change'' (Oxford UP, 2009).
* Bano, Sha. "Role of museums in Depicting history of cultural heritage of Pakistan." (2019).
* Marsden, Magnus. "[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0268-540X.2005.00324.x Muslim village intellectuals: the life of the mind in northern Pakistan]." ''Anthropology today'' 21.1 (2005): 10–15.
* Mughal, M. A. Z. "[http://doi.org/10.1080/1683478X.2015.1055543 An anthropological perspective on the mosque in Pakistan]." ''Asian Anthropology'' 14.2 (2015): 166–181.
* Rauf, Abdur. "[https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.18.3.403 Rural women and the family: A study of a Punjabi village in Pakistan]." ''Journal of Comparative Family Studies'' (1987): 403–415.

===Origins of Pakistanis===
* Vasil'ev, I. B., P. F. Kuznetsov, and A. P. Semenova. "Potapovo Burial Ground of the Indo-Iranic Tribes on the Volga" (1994).
* Ahsan, Aitzaz. The Indus Saga. Roli Books Private Limited, 2005.
* Mehdi, S. Q., et al. "The origins of Pakistani populations." Genomic Diversity. Springer, Boston, MA, 1999. 83–90.
* Balanovsky, Oleg, et al. "Deep phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup G1 provides estimates of SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome and reveals migrations of Iranic speakers." PLoS One 10.4 (2015): e0122968.
* Allchin, F. R. "Archeological and Language-Historical Evidence for the Movement of Indo-Aryan Speaking Peoples into South Asia." NARTAMONGÆ (1981): 65.
* Khan, F. A. "Archaeology in Pakistan." Expedition 6.3 (1964): 2.

{{Pakistani people}}
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[[Category:Pakistani people| ]]
[[Category:Society of Pakistan]]

Pakistanis - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Pakistan}}~~
	*[[List of Pakistanis]]		*[[List of Pakistanis]]
	*[[Demographics of Pakistan]]		*[[Demographics of Pakistan]]